隧道專業(yè)外語

1、Part 1 General words巖土工程Geotechnical engineering基礎工程Foundation engineering 土soil ,earth土力學soil mechanics 周期荷載 cyclic loading 卸載 再加載reloading粘彈性地基 viscoelastic foundation 粘滯阻尼 viscous damping 剪切模量 shear modulus 土動力學 soil dynamics 應力路徑 stress path Part 2 Types of soil殘積土 residual soil 地下水 groundwater

2、地下水位 groundwater level /groundwater table 粘土礦物 clay minerals 次生礦物secondary minerals 滑坡 landslide 鉆孔柱狀圖 bore hole columnar section 工程地質勘察 engineering geologic investigation 漂石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砂石 gravel 礫砂 gravelly sand 粗砂 coarse sand 中砂 medium sand 細砂 fine sand 粉土 silty sand 粘性土 clayey soil 粘土 clay

3、 粉質粘土 silty clay 砂質粉土 sandy silt 粘質粉土 clayey silt 飽和土 saturated soil 非飽和土 unsaturated soil 填土 filled soil Part 3 Permeability and seepage達西定律 Darcys law 管涌 piping 流土 flowing soil 砂沸 sand boiling 流網(wǎng) flow net 滲流 seepage 滲漏 leakage 滲透壓力 seepage (force) pressure 滲透性 permeability 水力梯度 hydraulic gradient

4、滲透系數(shù) coefficient of permeability Part 4 Deformation and stress of foundation軟土 soft soil 打入樁（負）摩阻力 (negative) skin friction of driven pile 有效應力 effective stress 總應力 total stress 十字板抗剪強度 field vane shear strength 低活性 low activity 靈敏度 sensitivity 三軸試驗 triaxial test 基礎設計 foundation design 再壓縮 recompact

5、ion 承載力 bearing capacity 土體 soil mass 接觸壓力 contact pressure 集中荷載 concentrated load 半無限彈性體 a semi-infinite elastic solid 均質 homogeneous 各向同性 isotropic 條基 strip footing 方形獨立基礎 square spread footing 下臥層（土） underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 恒載 /靜載dead load 持續(xù)荷載 sustained load 活載 live load 短期瞬時荷載 short t

6、erm transient load 長期荷載 long-term transient load 折算荷載 reduced load 沉降 settlement 變形 deformation 套管 casing 堤（防） dike=dyke 粘粒粒組 clay fraction 物理性質 physical properties 路基 subgrade 級配良好土 well-graded soil 級配不良土 poorly-graded soil 篩子 sieve 摩爾-庫侖破壞條件 Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 有限元法 FEM=finite element m

7、ethod 極限平衡法 limit equilibrium method 孔隙水壓力 pore water pressure 先期固結壓力 preconsolidation pressure 壓縮模量 modulus of compressibility 壓縮系數(shù) coefficent of compressibility 壓縮指數(shù) compression index 回彈指數(shù) swelling index 自重應力 geostatic stress 附加應力 additional stress 最終沉降 final settlement 滑移線 slip line Part 5 Excava

8、tion and dewatering of foundation開挖 excavation 降水 dewatering 基坑失穩(wěn) failure of foundation 基坑圍護 bracing of foundation pit （基坑）底隆起 bottom heave=basal heave 擋土墻 retaining wall 孔壓分布 pore-pressure distribution 降低地下水位法 dewatering method 井點系統(tǒng) well point system 深井點 deep well point 真空井點 vacuum well point 支撐圍護

9、braced cuts 支撐開挖 braced excavation 支撐擋板 braced sheeting Part 6 Deep foundation樁基礎 pile foundation 灌注樁 cast in-place pile沉管灌注樁 diving casting cast-in-place pile 鉆孔樁 bored pile 機控異型灌注樁 special-shaped cast-in-place pile 嵌巖灌注樁 piles set into rock 夯擴樁 rammed bulb pile 鉆孔墩基礎 belled pier foundation 鉆孔擴底墩 d

10、rilled-pier foundation 預制混凝土樁 precast concrete pile 鋼樁 steel pile 鋼管樁 steel pipe pile 鋼板樁 steel sheet pile 預應力混凝土樁 prestressed concrete pile 預應力混凝土管樁 prestressed concrete pipe pile 沉井（箱 )caisson foundation 地下連續(xù)墻 diaphragm 摩擦樁 friction pile 端承樁 end-bearing pile 波動方程分析 wave equation analysis 承臺 pile c

11、ap 單樁承載力 bearing capacity of single pile 單樁橫向載荷試驗 lateral pile load test 單樁橫向極限承載力 ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 單樁豎向靜荷載試驗 static load test of pile 單樁豎向容許承載力 vertical allowable load capacity 低樁承臺 low pile cap 高樁承臺 high-rise pile cap 單樁抗拔極限承載力 vertical ultimate uplift resistance of singl

12、e pile 靜壓樁 silent piling 抗拔樁 uplift pile 抗滑樁 anti-slide pile 群樁 pile groups 群樁效率系數(shù)（） efficiency factor of pile groups 群樁效應 efficiency of pile groups 樁基動測 dynamic pile testing 最后貫入度 final set 樁動荷載試驗 dynamic load test of pile 樁的完整性試驗 pile integrity test 樁頭 pile head=butt 樁端（頭） pile tip=pile point=pile

13、 toe 樁距 pile spacing 樁位布置圖 pile plan 樁的布置 arrangement of piles =pile layout 群樁作用 group action 樁端阻 end bearing=tip resistance 樁側阻 skin(side) friction=shaft resistance 樁墊 pile cushion 打樁（振動） pile driving(by vibration) 拔樁試驗 pile pulling test 樁靴 pile shoe 打樁噪音 pile noise 打樁機 pile rig Part 7 Ground treat

14、ment建筑地基處理技術規(guī)范 technical code for ground treatment of building墊層法 cushion method預壓法 preloading method強夯法 dynamic compaction method強夯置換法 dynamic compaction replacement method振沖法 vibroflotation method 砂石樁 sand-gravel pile /pile-stone column 水泥粉煤灰碎石樁 cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥土攪拌樁 cement mixing

15、pile水泥樁 cement column 石灰樁 lime pile /lime column高壓噴射注漿法 jet grouting method夯實水泥土樁 rammed-cement-soil pile 灰土擠密樁 lime-soil compaction pile /lime-soil compacted column 化學加固法 chemical stabilization method 表層壓實法 surface compaction method超載預壓法 surcharge preloading method真空預壓法 vacuum preloading method袋裝砂井

16、法sand wick method土工織物 geofabric /geotextile 復合地基 composite foundation 加筋法 reinforcement method 降低地下水固結法 dewatering consolidation method 冷熱處理法 freezing and heating method膨脹土地基處理 expansive ground treatment 山區(qū)地基處理 ground treatment in mountain area 濕陷性黃土地基處理 collapsible loess treatment 人工地基 artificial f

17、oundation 天然地基 natural foundation 褥墊 pillow 軟土地基 soft clay ground 砂井 sand drain 樹根樁 root pile 塑料排水帶 plastic drain 碎石樁 stone column/gravel pile （復合地基）置換率 (composite foundation) replacement ratio Part 8固結 consolidation 太沙基固結理論 Terzzaghis consolidation theory 巴隆固結理論 Barraons consolidation theory 比奧固結理論

18、Biots consolidation theory 超固結比 over consolidation ration (OCR) 超固結土 overconsolidation soil 超孔壓力 excess pore water pressure 多維固結 multi-dimensional consolidation 一維固結 one-dimensional consolidation 主固結 primary consolidation 次固結 secondary consolidation 固結度 degree of consolidation 固結試驗 consolidation tes

19、t 固結曲線 consolidation curve 時間因子 time factor Tv 固結系數(shù) coefficient of consolidation 前期固結壓力 preconsolidation pressure 有效應力原理 principle of effective stress K0固結 consolidation under K0 condition Part 9 抗剪強度shear strength 不排水抗剪強度 undrained shear strength 殘余強度 residual strength 長期強度 long-term strength 峰值強度

20、peak strength 剪脹 dilatation 抗剪強度有效應力法 effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪強度總應力法 total stress approach of shear strength 莫爾庫侖理論 Mohr-Coulomb theory 內(nèi)摩擦角 angle of internal friction 粘聚力 cohesion 破壞準則 failure criterion 十字板抗剪強度 vane strength 無側限抗壓強度 unconfined compression strength有效應力破壞包線 effe

21、ctive stress failure envelopePart 10 Constitutive model彈性模型Elastic model非線性彈性模型Nonlinear elastic model彈塑性模型Elastoplastic model粘彈性模型Viscoelastic model邊界面模型Boundary surface model鄧肯張模型Duncan-Chang model剛塑性模型Rigid plastic model帽模型Cap model加工軟化Work softening加工硬化Work hardening劍橋模型Cambridge model理想彈塑性模型Ide

22、al elastoplastic model莫爾庫侖屈服準則Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion屈服面Yield surface彈性半空間地基模型Elastic half-space foundation model彈性模量Elastic modulusPart 11 Bearing capacity of foundation soil沖切破壞Punching shear failure整體剪切破壞General shear failure局部剪切破壞Local shear failure極限平衡狀態(tài)State of limit equilibrium地基穩(wěn)定性Stabi

23、lity of soil/rock foundation地基極限承載力Ultimate bearing capacity of soil/rock foundation地基容許承載力Allowable bearing capacity of soil/rock foundationPart 12 earth pressure and slope stability analysis主動土壓力Active earth pressure被動土壓力Passive earth pressure靜止土壓力Earth pressure at rest休止角Angle of repose邊坡穩(wěn)定安全系數(shù)Sa

24、fety factor of slope條分法Slices methodPart 13 retaining wall擋土墻穩(wěn)定性Stability of retaining wall基礎墻Foundation wall扶壁式擋土墻Counter retaining wall懸臂式擋土墻Cantilever retaining wall懸臂式板樁墻Cantilever sheet pile wall重力式擋土墻Gravity retaining wall錨定板擋土墻Anchored plate retaining wall錨定板板樁墻Anchored sheet pile wallPart 14

25、 Soil test高壓固結試驗High pressure consolidation testK0固結試驗Consolidation under K0 condition變水頭滲透試驗Falling head permeability test不固結不排水三軸試驗Unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test固結不排水/排水三軸試驗Consolidated undrained/drained triaxial test擊實試驗Compaction test固結快剪試驗Consolidated quick direct shear test快剪試驗Quick di

26、rect shear test土工模型試驗Geotechnical model test離心模型試驗Centrifugal model test直剪儀Direct shear apparatusPart 15 In situ test標準貫入試驗Standard penetration test (SPT)表面波試驗Surface wave test(SWT)動力觸探試驗Dynamic penetration test(DPT)靜力觸探試驗Static cone penetration test跨孔試驗Cross-hole test螺旋板載荷試驗Screw plate test旁壓試驗Pres

27、suremeter test輕便觸探試驗Light sounding test深層沉降觀測Deep settlement measurement現(xiàn)場滲透試驗Field permeability test原位空隙水壓量測In-situ pore water pressure measurement原位（土、巖石）試驗In-situ soil/rock test直剪試驗Direct shear test直接單剪試驗Direct simple shear test動三軸試驗Dynamic triaxial test自（共）振柱試驗Free(resonance) vibration column te

28、st隧道Tunnel水平隧道Horizontal gallery明挖法Cut and cover沉管法Immersed tube入口隧道或引道隧道 Access tunnel豎井shaft斜井 Inclined shaft 洞室cavern 天然洞室 Natural cavern 人工洞室 Artificial cavern 地下綜合建筑 Underground complex 尺寸Size,dimension特小斷面 Mini section 小斷面Small section中斷面 Medium section 特大斷面 Very large section 短Short length 中長

29、 Medium length長大Long length 特長大 Very long length 斷面形狀 Section shape 圓形 Circular shape 馬蹄形 Horseshoe shape矩形Rectangular shape卵形 Egg shape箱形 Box shape 內(nèi)部凈空斷面形狀Inside shape 開挖斷面形狀 Outside or excavation shape埋深 Tunnel depth 明挖回填 Cut and cover 淺埋 Shallow depth中埋 Medium depth深埋Deep depth特深埋Very deep depth

30、用途 Purpose or use 調查 investigation地質調查 Ground investigation 導洞 Pilot tunnel調查孔或坑道Pilot bore鐵路rail干線 Main line 地鐵metro 公路road人行道 pedestrian車站Station上水道Water supply 水利發(fā)電 Hydraulic power 有壓與無壓隧洞 Pressure or non pressure tunnels 分水渠River diversion 洪水 Storm water排水Drainage水渠Aqueduct 冷氣 cooling air冷卻水排水 C

31、ooling water outfall 航道 navigation 下水道Sewerage地域暖氣District heating電纜 cable 熱水Hot water電力通信 Power-telecommunication 通風 Ventilation煤氣Gas工廠factory 發(fā)電所 Generating station 儲藏 storage 流體和固體儲藏 Fluids and solids storage停車parking辦公室，商店Office,shop軍事Military 人防 Defence,protection 多目的，多功能Multi service采礦 Mining 地下建筑物各部分名稱Parts of cross section 仰拱 Invert arch底板floor 拱部或拱頂部roof 拱頂 crown 拱腳 Springer拱肩shoulders剎尖 key邊墻 wall 墻腳 feet 腿部leg膝部knee 開挖面或掌子面face 形狀shape 襯砌 lining 曲隅部bend交叉部 crossing正面部Face,front入口部 access洞門 portal 接頭部junction 分岔部bifur