定語從句解析與練習(xí)

1、高一英語期末復(fù)習(xí)定語從句一.1.定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語，用修飾句子中某一名詞、代詞或整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語從句。2 .定語從句的位置：放在被修飾的名詞或代詞的后面。如：Themanwhohasanumbrellainhishandismyuncle.（手上抓了一把雨傘的人是我的叔叔。）3 .定語從句的相關(guān)名稱：被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系詞，其中that、which、whowhomwhose、as（沒有what）稱為關(guān)系代詞，where、when、why（沒有how）為關(guān)系副詞。Thisisthethief（that/who/whom）wehavebeenlook

2、ingfor先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句4 .定語從句關(guān)系詞的作用：1.起著連接先行詞和從句的作用，2.同時(shí)在從句中又充當(dāng)句子成分，3.替代先行詞。.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.（關(guān)系代詞who在從句中作主語）二.定語從句的種類：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關(guān)系密切，從句對主句起修飾限定作用，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。.Iwastheonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關(guān)系不密切，從句對主句起補(bǔ)充說明作用，去掉定語從句，意思仍

3、然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導(dǎo)。.Tom'sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.（who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，整個(gè)句子可分成兩句來翻譯）定語從句的各個(gè)關(guān)系詞：1. who,whom引導(dǎo)的定語從句who,whom用于代替人。who在定語從句中作主語；whom在定語從句中作動詞或介詞的賓語，在限制性定語中可以省略，在口語中可用who代替whomThemanwhowrotethisbookisafriendofmine.Isthattheboy（whom/who）youspokeoftheotherday?2. whi

4、ch引導(dǎo)的定語從句which指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語，在限制性定語中作賓語中可以省略。Heisdrivingacarwhichcantravel150milesanhour.Theclock（which）mygrandfatherboughtisstillingoodorder.3. that引導(dǎo)的定語從句that指人或指物，在定語從句中作主語，賓語或表語。Heisamanthat/whomeanswhathesays.他是個(gè)說話算數(shù)的人。Thepictures（that/which）Ihadtakenwonthefirstprize.Hedoesn'tseemtobethema

5、nthathewas.他彳以乎和過去大不樣。（that代替theman作was的表語）4. whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指物時(shí)可與ofwhich互換使用，指人時(shí)可與ofwhom互換使用.Ihaveaclassmatewhosefatherisamayor.Iliveinthehousewhosewindowsfacesouth.Iliveinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacesouth.=ofwhichthewindowsfacesouthWelookedatthetowerwhosetipwasgolden=thetipofw

6、hichwasgolden.5. 關(guān)系副詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句，分別修飾表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞，并分別在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞也可以根據(jù)在句中的搭配關(guān)系，轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞+which”的結(jié)構(gòu)。Ishallneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichIenteredtheuniversity.Isthatthefactorywhere/inwhichyouworkedtwoyearsago?Thatisthereasonwhy（that/forwhich）I'minfavourofthepla

7、n.6. “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句用在介詞后面關(guān)系代詞是whom,which,whose。HeistellingastoryofLeiFengofwhomeveryoneofusisproud.Theytiredtothinkofaplan,bywhichtheycouldcompletethetaskahead0ftime.Pleasetellthechiefmanagerfromwhoseroomhissecretarytookawayalltheimportantpapers.定語從句中的介詞通常置于關(guān)系代詞之前，也可在從句謂語動詞之后。但是含有介詞的短語動詞一般不可拆開，介詞仍

8、放在動詞之后。inwhichIworkedThecompanywhich/that）Iworkedinisgoingfrombadtoworse.Yourrudeness,whichwehaveputupwithtoolong,isbeginning.toannoyourcustomers.你的粗魯，這我們早就受夠了，現(xiàn)又在惹怒我們顧客。（putupwith"忍受"，是固定短語，不可將with與putup拆開）7. .as與which用法比較1 ）在非限制性定語從句中，as/which均可代替前面的整個(gè)句子。Themanwasateacher,as/whichwasabvi

9、ousfromhiswayofspeaking.由那個(gè)男人說話的樣子，可明顯看出他是個(gè)老師。但由as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，而which不可以。Aswasexpected,heperformedthetasksuccessfully.正如所預(yù)料的那樣，他成功地完成了任務(wù)。2 ）as作關(guān)系代詞可用于thesameas,suchas句型中，as在定語從句中可作主語或賓語。Canyougivesuchlecturesaswillinterestus?你能不能作使我們感興趣的講座？=Canyougivethelectureswhichwillinterestus.（as代替lectures,作主語）S

10、uchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowdays.你描繪的這種人現(xiàn)在已很少見（as代替people,作describe賓語）Wearefacingthesameproblemswhichwefaceyearsago.（as代替problems,作賓語）3 ）當(dāng)非限制定語從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn'tlikeatall.使用定語從句應(yīng)注意的問題：1 ）必須用關(guān)系代詞that的幾種情況a）先行詞為something,nothing,all等不定代詞；先行詞被形容詞最高級，序數(shù)詞，

11、only,very修飾Alltthat）Iwantispeaceandfreedom.我要的是和平和自由。ThisistheverybookthatIhavebeenlongingtoget.這正是我一直渴望得到的書。b）并列的兩個(gè)先行詞分別表示人或物Inhisspeechhetalkedofhisexperiencesandhiskindmotherthatimpressedhimdeeply.2 ）在非限制定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)不能省略Sheintroducedmetoherhusband,whomIhadn'tmetbefore.3）用which而不用that的情況：引導(dǎo)非

12、限制性定語從句；代表整個(gè)主句的意思；介詞+關(guān)系代詞。.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.這是父親去年居住過的房子。4）定語從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個(gè)定語、狀語或謂語隔開。.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan'tunderstand.5）關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。.Themanwholivesdowns

13、tairsspeaksEnglishfluently.住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語說得很流利。ThestudentswhoareinGradeThreearegoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.定語從句關(guān)系詞的確定依據(jù)三點(diǎn)：1）引導(dǎo)的從句的限制性和非限制性2）所替代的先行詞是人還是物3）從句中所缺的成分，若從句缺主語、賓語、表語，用關(guān)系代詞。若從句不缺主語、賓語、表語，用關(guān)系副詞。1. Hisparentswouldn'tlethimmarryanyonefamilywaspoor.A.ofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose2. Sheheardaterr

14、iblenoise,broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that3. Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelpA.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom4. Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.itlivinginPairsforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltownhegrewupasa

15、child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when6. CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which7. Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.AwhoBwhichCthisDwhat8. RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepric

16、eofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhosehasalreadybeenpointedout,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Which10. HelivedinLondonfor3months,duringtimehelearnedsomeEnglish.A.thisB.whichC.thatD.same11. thewallhungapicture,colorisblue.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.itsImethim,wasfairlyoften,Ilikehissweetandho

17、pefulsmile.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when13.Thevisitoraskedtheguidetotakehispicturestandsthefamoustower.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.therebossdepartmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.A.inwhichB.inthatC.inwhoseD.whose15. Idontlikeyouspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich16. Hemad

18、eanotherwonderfuldiscovery,ofgreatimportancetoscience.A.whichIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkitthinkwhichiswasveryrudetothecustomsofficer,ofcoursemadethingsevenworse.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which18. TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich19. isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What20. Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that21. Anyway,thatevening,Illtellyoumoreab