賓語(yǔ)從句大全

1、 賓語(yǔ)從句 第一部分：賓語(yǔ)梗要賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，是動(dòng)作的承受者。賓語(yǔ)由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。當(dāng)然,也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng),稱(chēng)之為賓語(yǔ)從句；英語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞后必須有賓語(yǔ)；除及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)之外，英語(yǔ)介詞后面也要有賓語(yǔ)；某些形容詞如worth,careful等后也可有賓語(yǔ)；賓語(yǔ)有直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)之分。即指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為"雙賓語(yǔ)"。 一 不同詞類(lèi)作賓語(yǔ)1. 名詞作賓語(yǔ)She is playing the piano now.2. 代詞作賓語(yǔ) We all like him. She doesn't know m

2、e.  3. 數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ) Give me four.4. the+形容詞/v-ed/v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)。 1) The young should respect the old . 2) They went to help the dying and the wounded. 3) They are searching for the lost . 二 非謂語(yǔ)類(lèi)作賓語(yǔ)1不定式作賓語(yǔ)We all like to go to school. 注意: I dont know what to do next. 2動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) The boss hates workers comp

3、laining.三 從句類(lèi)作賓語(yǔ) I think  he is right.  Do you understand what I mean?   I asked whether there are any chemist's shops in this street. Give him whatever he needs. We can rely on whomever we can trust. She will give whoever needs help a warm support.四 兩種特殊帶賓語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)1一些形容詞可有賓語(yǔ)

4、常用的情感形容詞有：sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry The book is worth reading.2介賓結(jié)構(gòu)Are they listening to the professor? Are they satisfied with us? He passed the exam by cheating.五it用作形式賓語(yǔ)（基本用法）I think it no need talking about it with them.He makes it a rule never to borrow money. Did

5、you make it clear why she didn't come?I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. She wont like it if you arrive late. 六 雙賓語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞可接兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)（雙賓語(yǔ)），即指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)。1. 常用句型為 主語(yǔ)及物動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)。Give me a cup of tea, please. You dont need to show him how to do it. He has told me whe

6、re they lives.2. 下面幾種情況，通常要用介詞to或for引起的短語(yǔ)： 1). 當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞（itthem）時(shí)。如： The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it to him.。 2). 當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 3). 當(dāng)間接賓語(yǔ)比直接賓語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)時(shí)。如： On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 4) 由to連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：give, lend, bring, show, tell,

7、write, send, hand, teach, offer, sell, promise, pass ,take等.5) 由for連接間接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有： buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook, get 等 注意： I will ask him a question. I will ask a question of him. 七 同源賓語(yǔ)（Cognate Object）少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞能帶一個(gè)在詞根上與動(dòng)詞相同或相近意義的賓語(yǔ)，即同源賓語(yǔ)1. 能帶同源賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream,

8、 breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.I dreamed a terrible dream last night. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.He died a heroic death. 2. 同源賓語(yǔ)前面可帶形容詞作定語(yǔ)。這時(shí)，“動(dòng)詞+定語(yǔ)+同源賓語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)在意義上相當(dāng)于“動(dòng)詞+與定語(yǔ)意義相同

9、的狀語(yǔ)”。二者相比，前者語(yǔ)氣更強(qiáng)一些。 We slept a comfortable sleep last night. (= We slept comfortably last night.) Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday. （= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.） 注意：同源賓語(yǔ)前面通常帶有定語(yǔ)。 fight a good fight breathe a deep breath laugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile

10、3. 同源賓語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)是形容詞最高級(jí)或含有最高級(jí)意義時(shí)，該同源賓語(yǔ)?？梢允∪ァ?You should run your fastest（race）. The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning. 第二部分 賓語(yǔ)從句學(xué)習(xí)賓語(yǔ)從句要抓住三要素：連接詞、語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)。比較下面幾個(gè)句子I don't know the phone number.  I don't know what his phone number is.I don't know if this is his phone number.

11、在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句.賓語(yǔ)從句詳解一賓語(yǔ)從句的分類(lèi):.1 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ): I heard that he would come here later on. 2 作介詞的賓語(yǔ): Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night. 3 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)：I am sure I will pass the exam.二.賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞（連接詞）的用法分三類(lèi)：從屬連詞 that(陳述句),if,whether（是否），連接代詞who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever , whatever,

12、 whichever等.連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述.連接副詞 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.找出并翻譯下列句中的賓語(yǔ)從句1 He told me that he would go to the college the next year 2 I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 3 Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 4 Do you know who has won Red Al

13、ert game? 5 The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 6 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 7 Could you please tell me how you use the new panel（新的操作盤(pán)）? 8 None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.（一） that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）只起連接作用，無(wú)詞意，通常第一個(gè)that 可省?？筛鷗hat從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：

14、say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planet

15、s.2在以下情況中that不能省略1）、當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 2）當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. 當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)

16、中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 4）當(dāng)it作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 例句：She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him5）當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句前置時(shí) That our team will win，I believe6）. that從句單獨(dú)回答問(wèn)題時(shí)。如：What did he hear? 他聽(tīng)說(shuō)了什么事？That Kate had passed the exam. (他聽(tīng)說(shuō))凱特考試及格了。3 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose,

17、expect 等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.注意：1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)而且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來(lái),其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句一致. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? I expect our English teacher will

18、be back this weekend, won't she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?如果賓語(yǔ)從句中有某個(gè)含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問(wèn)句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 2)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是第二、三人稱(chēng)時(shí)，其反義疑問(wèn)句一般與主句保持一致。Your sister supposes she ne

19、eds no help, doesn't she? You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you? They don't believe she's an engineer, do they? She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?3）在think,believe,suppose,guess等及物動(dòng)詞及Im afraid等表達(dá)的后面，可用so,或not代替一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，so 代替肯定句，not 代替否定句

20、，該賓語(yǔ)從句通常是上文提到的一件事。 Are we late? -Im afraid so. -Do you think he will come? -No,I think not./I dont think so. 注: I dont think /believe/suppose/expect so.這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能用于動(dòng)詞guess和hope,guess和hope 只能用I hope/guess not.（二）由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句  whether和if通用，都表示“是否”的意思。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，后者比較正式，在口語(yǔ)中前者常用來(lái)代替后者。但兩者有時(shí)具有不同的暗示

21、。用whether時(shí)，正反兩面的選擇意義較強(qiáng)，問(wèn)話人并不在意回答是肯定還是否定；而用if時(shí)，則比較強(qiáng)調(diào)單方面，即正面，問(wèn)話人希望得到肯定的回答。另外，還要注意從以下六個(gè)方面的高頻考點(diǎn)： 一、whether和if都可以與or not連用； 但whether和or not寫(xiě)在一起時(shí)，或在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后，只能用whether，不能用if。如： I don't care whether (或if) it will rain or not I don't  care  whether  or  not&

22、#160; it  will  rain.  (不用if) I don't  care  about whether  or  not  it  will  rain.  (不用if)二、在引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：1、表示“是否”時(shí)，兩詞都能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。 I don't know whether/if I will be able to c

23、ome.我不知道我是否能來(lái).She asked me whether/if I was interested in working for her.她問(wèn)我是否有興趣為她工作。We'll be told tomorrow whether we should take the exam or not.我們明天才知道是不是應(yīng)該參加考試. I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance. 我問(wèn)他這些工作都是他自己做的還是別人幫他做的.I wonder i

24、f/whether you can examine him now( 注意: 在兩個(gè)供選擇的從句之間若用or字, 則須重復(fù)whether一字. )注:   當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)從句并將其提前時(shí)只能用whether。     如:Whether I'll have time to go with you I am not sure.我很難說(shuō)我們是否有時(shí)間跟你們一起去。2、賓語(yǔ)從句移置句首時(shí)，用whether，不用if。Whether it is true or not， I can't say=I can

25、9;t say whether/if it is true or not3、賓語(yǔ)從句為否定形式時(shí)，通常用if，而不用whether。I asked Tom if Mary  wouldnt come 4、動(dòng)詞discuss，decide, consider等后習(xí)慣上也常用Whether引導(dǎo)從句，不用if。whether 和 if 的區(qū)別 三、在下列情況下，只能用whether，不能用if。1、與不定式連用時(shí)，只能用whether    He can't decide whether to accept or

26、 refuse  2、在介詞后，只能用whether。Everything depends on whether he is ready  I don't  care  about whether  or  not  it  will  rain.3、在名詞后作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether。   The question whether they ought to stop w

27、orking was discussed among the workersI have no idea whether he is there 4、引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether。Whether  he comes or not doesn't concern me5、引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能用whether。What Maria doesn't  know is whether there will be enough snow  6、當(dāng)whether和or not連用時(shí)，只用whether不用if。如

28、:I dont know whether or not he will come.我不知道他是不是回來(lái)。I'll be happy whether/if I get the job or not我能不能得到那份工作都一樣高興。注意：當(dāng)or not放在whether引導(dǎo)的從句句尾，則可以用if來(lái)替換。7、 當(dāng)whether和or 連用表示明確的選擇時(shí)，只用whether不用if。He asked me whether I wanted to go there by train or by bus.他問(wèn)我是想乘火車(chē)還是坐公共汽車(chē)去那里。He hesitated about whether

29、he should drive or take the train.他開(kāi)車(chē)去還是坐火車(chē)去, 猶豫不決注:whether 和or 連用還可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)也不用if。如：We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我們能否找到所需的工具,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday.無(wú)論下不下雨, 我們星期六一定踢足球

30、.8、在動(dòng)詞不定式之前，只能用whether，不能用if。The question is whether to go to Munich or Vienna.問(wèn)題是去慕尼黑還是去維也納.She doesn't know whether to get married now or wait.是否現(xiàn)在結(jié)婚或是等待她不知道。We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow.我們弄不清是今天走還是明天走.I'm not sure whether to resign or stay on.我拿不準(zhǔn)主意是辭職還是留任.四、if可引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)

31、從句，譯作“如果”，whether可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，譯作“不管、無(wú)論”。If I were you，I would not buyWhether he agrees or not，I shall go thereWe'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools or not.不管我們能否找到所需的工具,我們要把這件工作做下去。Whether or not it rains / Whether it rains or not, we're playing football on Saturday

32、.無(wú)論下不下雨, 我們星期六一定踢足球.五、whether和if均可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，但if引導(dǎo)的從句不能位于句首。 Whether they win or lose is all the same to me. 他們是贏是輸於我都一樣.（此時(shí)whether不能換作if ）It's doubtful whether there'll be any seats left.說(shuō)不上還有沒(méi)有空座位了. (此句whether能換作if) 六、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句用whether引導(dǎo)不用if.The doubt was whether you had broken th

33、e beautiful vase.疑問(wèn)是你是否打壞了這只漂亮的花瓶。The question whether we'll build another lecture building hasn't been settled.是否要另建一幢教學(xué)樓的問(wèn)題還未決定。（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句 這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, di

34、scover, understand, inform, advise等。連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。 連接代詞一般指疑問(wèn),但what, whatever除了指疑問(wèn)外,也可以指陳述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是誰(shuí)贏得了紅色警報(bào)的游戲么？ The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. 這本書(shū)會(huì)告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么. Have you determined whether you should b

35、uy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 你決定好是買(mǎi)諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎?連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. 他沒(méi)有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見(jiàn)面. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? 你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤(pán)嗎? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 沒(méi)有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買(mǎi)到.四.

36、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)： 1、 主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2、 主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3、 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound. 五 賓語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法虛擬語(yǔ)

37、氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測(cè)，建議等含義，虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。1.Wish(表現(xiàn)在->過(guò)去時(shí)；表過(guò)去->過(guò)去完成時(shí)；表將來(lái)->would+do ) I wish I were a bird and could fly freely . I wish I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it wouldnt rain tomorrow . 2.在表示含有“愿望、建議、命令”等詞的各種從句中，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should +do ） 一堅(jiān)持二命令三建議四要求 i-和-s雙重性

38、Insist , order, command, advise, suggest , propose, demand, desire, request, require insist/suggestEg: The teacher suggested that he (should) read English aloud.He required that we (should) work all right.It was suggested that the meeting (should) be put off next week.The suggestion that the meeting

39、 (should) be put off till next week surprised us a lot.The suggestion is that the meeting (should).注：suggest表“暗示”，表明之意時(shí)，insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，硬要說(shuō)”之意時(shí)，不用虛擬。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.He insisted that he was a Party m

40、ember and be sent to the front.六、 賓語(yǔ)從句的特殊式1. 復(fù)合連接代詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中的使用。如：Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest. （whoever= anyone who / any person who）These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.（whatever= anything that）It is generally considered unwise to g

41、ive a child whatever he or she wants. whatever在此處是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I cant remember at the moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成whoever。2. it作形式賓語(yǔ)，從句作真正賓語(yǔ)。（1） 動(dòng)詞 + it + important / necessary / natural / etc. + thatclause。that clause中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前可加should，亦可省略。如：I think it important that you （should）

42、 attend the conference.（2） 動(dòng)詞+ it + as + 名詞 / 形容詞 + clause。如：The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his lecture.（3） 動(dòng)詞+ it + 介詞 + thatclause。常見(jiàn)的有：owe it to sb. + thatclause（把歸功于某人）， leave it to sb. + thatclause（把留給某人去做）， take it for granted  + thatclause （想當(dāng)然）， keep i

43、t in mind  + thatclause （記?。Ｈ纾篒 just took it for granted that hed always be around.You may depend on it that he will turn up in time. 你可以相信他會(huì)及時(shí)趕到的。You may depend on it that we shall always help you.（盡管放心，我們會(huì)隨時(shí)幫你的。）Ill see to it that all these letters will be sent to the post before twelve.我將注意

44、.Would you see to it that she gets home early?（你負(fù)責(zé)保證她早到家，好嗎？）He insisted on it that he was innocent.（他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己是無(wú)辜的。）I leave it to your own judgement whether you should do it.（我讓你自己判斷這事是否該做。）We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.（多虧了你才沒(méi)有發(fā)生嚴(yán)重事故。）(4) 某些表示“喜怒哀樂(lè)”的動(dòng)詞，如like, enjoy, love, hate,

45、dislike, prefer, appreciate等，往往不能直接接賓語(yǔ)從句；或者當(dāng)它們后接if從句或when從句，通常應(yīng)先在動(dòng)詞后接it作形式賓語(yǔ)。I dont like it that hes so lazy.（我不喜歡他那么懶惰。）I dont like it when shop assistants follow me around. 我不喜歡店員跟在我后面.I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說(shuō)那樣的事。He hates it when people talk with their mouths full.

46、他討厭別人邊說(shuō)話邊吃東西。Id prefer it if I didnt have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作那就太好了。I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 感激。(5. )用于 have it that(說(shuō)，認(rèn)為)，take it that(認(rèn)為)等個(gè)別固定表達(dá)中。如：I take it (that) you agree. 我以為你同意了。Report has it that about 30 people were killed in the accident.據(jù)報(bào)道.注意：若賓語(yǔ)從句是wh-類(lèi),則不可用it代替We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.我們都認(rèn)為你所說(shuō)的是不可信的.We discovered what we had learned to be