現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法：過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果     e.g. Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now.過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)      e.g. I have lived here since 1990.二. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成  &

2、#160;     have/has+過去分詞三. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的四個(gè)基本句型       肯定句    He has finished the work.                  一般疑問句  

3、60; Has he finished the work?       否定句    He has not finished the work.            兩回答    Yes ,he has. / No, he ha

4、snt.       特殊疑問句    What has he done?      四. 在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）九詞語already 已經(jīng)       肯定句中或句尾    e.g. I have already found my pen. = I

5、have found my pen already.yet已經(jīng)      否定句和疑問句句尾   e.g. I have not finished the work yet.Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾經(jīng)    句中              e.g. H

6、ave you ever seen pandas?never從不  句中              e.g. I have never been to Beijing.just剛剛     句中            e.g. I have

7、 just done my work.before以前        句尾       e.g. I have never been there before.so far到目前為止          e.g. So far he has learnt 200 words.how long多久 &#

8、160;                e.g. How long have you lived here?how many times多少次   e.g.How many times has he been to Beijing?（2）兩詞組       have<has>gone to去了某地 

9、;  例：He has gone to Beijing   (去了北京)       have<has>been to去過某地   例：He has been to Beijing.   (去過北京)（3）兩結(jié)構(gòu)for two monthsfor +一段時(shí)間Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsin

10、ce +過去點(diǎn)時(shí)間Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +過去時(shí)態(tài)句子He has been in China since he came here.（4）如果句子里面沒有時(shí)間狀語，漢語意思能夠加“已經(jīng)”，往往用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。   e.g. Have you lost your library book? 你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書館借的那本書嗎？（5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)還常常用于下列句型 

11、  They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了很多樹。   This is the best book I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過的最好的一本書。      It is the first time I have played the computer games. 這是我第一次玩電腦游

12、戲。五. 在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語連用     e.g. He has bought the book for 3 years.（錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間for 3 years連用, 改正的辦法有五種：        He has bought the book.            

13、60;          (去掉一段時(shí)間for 3 years)        He bought the book 3 years ago             (改為一般過去時(shí)，使句子的意思不變)        I

14、ts 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.                                    &

15、#160;                                 （改為固定句型 It is -since-）        He has not bought the

16、book for 3 years. （改為否定句）        He has had the book for 3 years.            （用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have代替buy）六.還有其他一次性動(dòng)詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：come/arrive/get to/reach  be here

17、60;      例：I have come here for 3 years.（錯(cuò)）        改為：I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away       例：He has left for 3 hours.（錯(cuò)）    &

18、#160;      改為：He has been away for 3 hours.begin/start be on       例：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（錯(cuò)）          改為：The film has been on for 3 minut

19、es.open be open / close  be closed       例：The shop has opened for 3 years.(錯(cuò))        改為：The shop has been open for 3 years.die be dead       例：His fa

20、ther has died for 3 years.(錯(cuò))            改為：His father has been dead for 3 years.finish/end be over       例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(錯(cuò))    

21、;       改為：The work has been over for 3 daysjoin            例：I have joined the army for 3 years.（錯(cuò)）              &

22、#160;             改為：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.buy /catch     havee.g. I have bought the bike for 3 years.（錯(cuò)）   &#

23、160;     改為：I have had the bike for 3 years.     e.g. He has caught a cold for 3 days.（錯(cuò)）            改為：He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow  keep 

24、0;    e.g. I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （錯(cuò)）          改為：I have kept the book for 3 years.還有其它的歸納如下：break  be broken            

25、0;       get up  be upmarry  be married                  become  be             

26、            lose  be lost七. 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和終止性動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：表示的動(dòng)作是能延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這種動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learn work stand lie know walk keep have wait watch sing read sleep live終止性動(dòng)詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，瞬間動(dòng)詞，一次性動(dòng)詞。表示的動(dòng)作不能延續(xù)，即動(dòng)作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動(dòng)作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。

27、如：leave ,start, set out ,arrive ,reach ,get to, begin, stop, shut, turn off, marry ,put ,put on, get up, wake, fall, join ,meet, receive, finish, end, complete ,become, come, go, die, open, close, break, give, jump ,buy, borrow八. 終止性動(dòng)詞不能和一段時(shí)間狀語連用。     He has died for th

28、ree days. （錯(cuò)，終止性動(dòng)詞die不能和一段時(shí)間for three days連用） 同步練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇題1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they  _what's  happened  to him . A. knew      B. have known    C.must know 

29、0;   D.will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? A.  already      B. never       C.ever      D. still3、Have you met  Mr. Li _？ A.

30、just          B. ago        C. before       D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . A. is  writing    B. was

31、0;writing        C. wrote       D. has written5、Our country  _ a lot so far . Yes .I hope it will be even _ . A. has changed ; well            &#

32、160;      B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better                 D. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . A. was ; studying   &

33、#160;              B. will ; study C. has ; studied                   D. are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was

34、 a little girl. A. know      B. had  known      C. have  known   D.knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . A. will  see    B. have  

35、;seen        C. saw         D.see9、These farmers have been to the United States. Really ? When _  there ?A. will they go       

36、60;B. did they goC.do they go          D. have they gone10、_ you _ your  homework  yet ? Yes . I _  it  a  moment  ago . A. Did ; do ; finished   

37、;          B. Have ; done ; finishedC. Have ; done ; have  finished    D. will ; do ; finish知識(shí)點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí)一 過去完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)：  had+ 過去分詞  。二 過去完成時(shí)的用法：過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前就已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)：即過去的過去   e.g. Wh

38、en we got to the station, the train had left. 當(dāng)我到車站的時(shí)候，火車已經(jīng)離開了。By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. 到上個(gè)星期尾為止，他已經(jīng)學(xué)了1000個(gè)單詞。過去某時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間為止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)    e.g. He said that he had made a few friends since he came to China.他說自從他來中國，他已

39、經(jīng)交了幾個(gè)朋友。 同步練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇題：1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had,done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was

40、 learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA

41、.has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityC. had completed a

42、n university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示

43、某動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。e.g. Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些貓叫了半天了。二、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu):  have / has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞e.g. I have been waiting for an hour and a half. 我一直等了一個(gè)半小時(shí)了。三、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用法1. 表示“持續(xù)”：即表示一個(gè)從過去某時(shí)開始一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作可能剛剛停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行。如：e.g. The children have bee

44、n having a lot of fun. 孩子們一直玩得很開心。e.g. She is very tired. Shes been working all morning. 她很累。她干了一早晨了。2. 表示“重復(fù)”即表示在一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作的多次重復(fù)，而這個(gè)重復(fù)的動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)并不一定在進(jìn)行。e.g. Weve all along been making mistakes like this. 我們一直犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。四、與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行連用的主要時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語：all day / month; this month /

45、 week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 時(shí)間段; since +時(shí)間點(diǎn); for + 時(shí)間段，等等。e.g. He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。They have been building the bridge for two month. 兩個(gè)月來他們一直在修橋。He has been sleeping for ten hours. 他已經(jīng)睡了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。The two parties have been tryin

46、g to unite since the New Year. 自從新年以來，雙方就一直在試圖聯(lián)手。 拓展：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)，因此，表示動(dòng)作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：He has changed his idea. 他改變了想法。2. 在表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)時(shí)，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：We have been studying here

47、 for two years. 我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。 在許多情況下，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)卻并非如此。如：He has cleaned the window. 他把窗戶擦干凈了。(動(dòng)作已完成)He has been cleaning the window. 他一直在擦窗戶。(動(dòng)作不一定完成)4. 有些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：The war has lasted for a long time. 這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的相通性：

48、在表達(dá)一個(gè)從過去開始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)，某些動(dòng)詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，如expect, hope, learn, lie, live, look, rain, sleep, sit, snow, stand, stay, study, teach, wait, want, work等。如：你學(xué)習(xí)英語多久了?正：How long have yon learnt English?正：How long have you been learning English?他已經(jīng)睡了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。正：He has slept for ten hours.正：He has be

49、en sleeping for ten hours. 同步練習(xí)：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇題1.  Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.      I think so. He _ for it for months.  A. is pr

50、eparing   B. was preparing  C. had been preparing  D. has been preparing 2. By the time he realizes he _ into a trap, itll be too late for him to 

51、;do anything about it.     A. walks      B. walked     C. has walked      D. had walked 3. So far this year we _ a 

52、fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.   A. saw           B. see           C. had seen  &

53、#160;     D. have seen 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she_ English for a year.     A. 

54、studies        B. studied        C. is studying        D. has been studying  5. Danny _ hard for long to 

55、realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works   B. is working    C. has worked   D. had worked 6. I have got a headache.  No wonder. You

56、_ in front of that computer too long.     A. work          B. are working     C. have been working    D. worked

57、0;7. The unemployment rate in this district_ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.    A. has fallen      B. had fallen       C. is&

58、#160;falling           D. was falling 8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school，but she hasnt decided yet.A. had consi

59、dered      B. has been considering    C. considered      D. is going to consider 9. _ you _ him around the museum yet? (2007江蘇)

60、60;   Yes. We had a great time there.     A. Have  shown    B. Do  show    C. Had; shown       D. Did; sh

61、ow 10. Hi, Tracy，you look pale.   I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted        B. had painted     C. have been paint

62、ing     D. have painted四、課堂小結(jié)(10分鐘）和學(xué)生一起回顧本節(jié)課所學(xué)知識(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)、用法及注意事項(xiàng)。五、作業(yè)布置一單項(xiàng)選擇題。1His father  _ the Party since 1978.A. joined    B. has joined     C. was in    &

63、#160;D. has  been  in 2.Do you know him well ?  Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .A. were    B. have been       C. have become       D. have made 3How long have you

64、  _ here ?About two months .A. been     B. gone           C. come          D. arrived 4. Hurry  up! The  play _ for  ten

65、  minutes .A. has  begun                       B. had  begunC. has  been  on         

66、           D. began5. It  _ ten  years  since  he  left  the  army .A. is          B. has    &#

67、160;       C. will           D. was6. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 7 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.A. has worked B. work

68、s C. had worked D. will work8. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed9. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/10. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns二用括號(hào)里面的正確形式填空。1. You know, I _ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first forma