【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)】2015高考英語(yǔ)（江蘇專用）大二輪總復(fù)習(xí)課件完形填空專題：專題二　完形填空解題五技巧

1、夾敘夾議型完形填空的特點(diǎn)與解題策略 在夾敘夾議型的完形填空中，作者首先敘述一個(gè)事件，然后就此事件提出自己的見(jiàn)解或由此事件引出一個(gè)深刻的社會(huì)主題，所選的有關(guān)文章蘊(yùn)涵深刻的人生哲理，耐人尋味。鑒于這一點(diǎn)考生不但要理解文章的字面意思，更重要的是挖掘文章的內(nèi)涵，只有做到了這一點(diǎn)，考生才能透徹理解文章，做好完形填空。夾敘夾議型的完形填空一般有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1先敘述作者自己的某一個(gè)生活經(jīng)歷或見(jiàn)聞，然后針對(duì)這一事件發(fā)表自己對(duì)生活的看法，或揭示生活的真理。2作者先提出一種觀點(diǎn)或看法，然后圍繞這一觀點(diǎn)或看法用具體的事例加以說(shuō)明，有時(shí)也可能是用幾個(gè)事例從不同的側(cè)面來(lái)說(shuō)明。3提出一種觀點(diǎn)或見(jiàn)解，然后用某一事例來(lái)闡述

2、這一觀點(diǎn)，最后再進(jìn)一步地總結(jié)和升華。對(duì)于夾敘夾議型的完形填空，抓住作者要說(shuō)明的觀點(diǎn)或要闡述的生活哲理是做好這一類型題目的關(guān)鍵，而作者敘述所發(fā)生的事件或生活經(jīng)歷只是為表達(dá)其思想服務(wù)的。對(duì)于夾敘夾議型的完形填空還要把敘和議有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來(lái)。有的考生沒(méi)有注意到這一點(diǎn)，他們把敘述與議論分割開(kāi)來(lái)，只顧選某個(gè)部分的答案，而沒(méi)有注意到事件與論點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。這時(shí)，文章主旨的部分就不可能處理好。 掌握完形填空解題五技巧一、根據(jù)“詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn)”解題“詞語(yǔ)同現(xiàn)”，也有人稱之為“詞場(chǎng)”。同現(xiàn)詞之間有同義、反義或相對(duì)關(guān)系，或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等，如differently與in difference；different與same，

3、similar；cruel與friendly；ill與pale，patient，doctor，operation等，根據(jù)此相關(guān)信息確定答案。【典例1】I never felt so _as I did that day，.poor.Aangry Brich Cpatient Dbitter解析考查反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。作者說(shuō)出自己家很貧寒，但此時(shí)感覺(jué)在那天說(shuō)的事在精神上是很“富有”的。由此只有B項(xiàng)rich符合句意要求。【典例2】“I have a brilliant design for our egg container! A protective one！” I said when Cassie a

4、rrived.“We can _ the egg with some butter cream.”.Aprotect Breplace Ccarry Dmix解析考查同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文中的“a protective one”可知，此處要用protective的動(dòng)詞形式protect“保護(hù)，防護(hù)”。故選A項(xiàng)。二、根據(jù)“詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)”解題“詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)”是指某一個(gè)詞以原詞或同義詞等方式在同一語(yǔ)篇中“重復(fù)出現(xiàn)”?！霸~語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)”有原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，同源詞復(fù)現(xiàn)(即同根詞)、同義詞或近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，如ill與sickness，上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)(即概括與分述，如animal是sheep，tiger，wolf等的上義詞；rose是flo

5、wer的下義詞); 反義復(fù)現(xiàn)(如wrong與right)等。了解詞語(yǔ)復(fù)現(xiàn)這種銜接手段，有助于快速準(zhǔn)確地解答完形填空題。【典例1】.When the Red Cross started blood banks to collect and store blood for men wounded in battle，black Americans gave blood along with the whites.At first their blood was not accepted.Later blood from the blacks was _ but was stored in a se

6、parate place from“white”blood.Areceived Baccepted Clost Dfound解析考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。此空的前一句是“At first their blood was not accepted”，根據(jù)行文邏輯可知，此處仍要用accepted，一開(kāi)始黑人的血不被接受，而后來(lái)被接受了。故答案為B項(xiàng)?！镜淅?】.It seems your tray stand has been very useful to you，but we are getting ready to leave now，and my wife needs her _ back.Abag B

7、walker Ctray Dcoat解析考查原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。前一句是：你的這個(gè)托盤架對(duì)你似乎很有用，但是，我們現(xiàn)在要走了，我的妻子想拿回她的“托盤”。根據(jù)前面部分出現(xiàn)的tray stand，他們是想拿回“我”誤拿的托盤。故tray正確。故答案為C項(xiàng)。三、根據(jù)“邏輯推理”解題根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來(lái)推理正確答案，邏輯關(guān)系包括因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、讓步關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系、條件與結(jié)果的關(guān)系等。從近幾年來(lái)的高考完形填空題來(lái)看，最多的是利用因果關(guān)系來(lái)推斷正確答案。【典例1】.Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that i

8、t is cruel to eat animals，but others argue that they can eat meat and _ be kind to animals.Astill Beven Clater Dsomehow解析句意：一些人選擇不吃肉，因?yàn)樗麄兿嘈懦詣?dòng)物是殘酷的，但是其他人爭(zhēng)論說(shuō)他們可以吃肉，同時(shí)仍然對(duì)動(dòng)物慈善。上下為“轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系”，故選A項(xiàng)?！镜淅?】.She longs for a sense of _5_，and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where

9、our ancestors _6_ for 200 years.(2013福建)5A.home Bduty Creality Drelief6A.built Blived Cremained Dexplored解析她渴望，“and so”(因此)表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，下文又出現(xiàn)“我和丈夫出生的地方”，故可以推斷是“家”，選擇A項(xiàng)，從而推斷出下一選項(xiàng)為B項(xiàng)lived，其它意義不當(dāng)。四、根據(jù)“背景常識(shí)”解題將文段意思和我們?cè)械纳罱?jīng)驗(yàn)、文化背景知識(shí)，以及科普常識(shí)等結(jié)合起來(lái)，進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單推理，從而得出正確答案。事實(shí)上，該技巧與“邏輯推斷”常常是交織在一起的，因?yàn)殡m有背景常識(shí)，仍需簡(jiǎn)單推理；邏輯推理離不開(kāi)背景常

10、識(shí)。【典例1】.People from Latin American countries，_10_，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，its possible that in _11_，it may look like a Latino is _12_ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving _13_.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will k

11、eep _14_which the Latino will in return regard as _15_.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇典型的可以根據(jù)“背景常識(shí)”解題的完形填空，如果了解在不同文化背景下的常識(shí)，做好這篇完形填空將會(huì)很容易。10A.in other words Bon the other hand Cin a similar way Dby all means 解析上文講到了北歐人的習(xí)慣，此處要針對(duì)拉丁人的習(xí)慣進(jìn)行說(shuō)明，on the other hand另一方面，符合上下文語(yǔ)境。in other words換句話說(shuō)；in a similar way相似地；by all means當(dāng)然可

12、以。答案B11A.trouble BconversationCsilence Dexperiment解析根據(jù)下文可知，拉丁人一直在縮短與北歐人之間的距離，此時(shí)兩個(gè)人應(yīng)該是在房間進(jìn)行交談。答案B12A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Dfollowing解析根據(jù)下文的敘述，拉丁人想離對(duì)方近一些以示友誼，而挪威人卻一直在后退，好像是拉丁人在追著挪威人跑一樣。答案D13A.closer BfasterCin Daway解析根據(jù)trying to express friendship可知，拉丁人極力想離對(duì)方近一些。答案A14A.stepping forward Bgoing o

13、nCbacking away Dcoming out 解析根據(jù)pushiness可知，挪威人在向后退。答案C15A.weakness BcarelessnessCfriendliness Dcoldness解析拉丁人認(rèn)為距離近是表明兩人的友好，而挪威人卻在不斷后退以保持雙方的距離，故拉丁人認(rèn)為這是“冷漠”的表現(xiàn)。答案D五、根據(jù)“前后搭配”解題“前后搭配”主要指動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配、動(dòng)賓搭配以及句式搭配等。能不能搭配，除涉及詞語(yǔ)的用法外，還需要綜合語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及常識(shí)等來(lái)判斷?！镜淅?】詞語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣搭配.Several thoughts crossed my mind as I watched him wo

14、rk.He wasnt welldressed.He had on a pair of shorts and a(n) shiny Tshirt.The bicycle he rode was not by any means the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on.But he seemed _47_ with life.There he was，.47A.busy Bcontent Ccareful Dbored解析但這位老人怡然自得，好像是對(duì)自己的生活非常滿足。seem content with.表示“好像對(duì)滿足”

15、，是習(xí)慣搭配，故選B項(xiàng)?！镜淅?】句式的搭配.I tried picking_up trash(垃圾)myself，but the job was too big.I would _24_ an hour or two on the job，only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.Finally，I got so tired_of it that I decided something had to change.24A.kill Bsave Cwait Dspend解析作者花費(fèi)一兩個(gè)小時(shí)來(lái)?yè)爝@里的垃圾，sb spend

16、(s) some time on sth 或者sb spend(s) some time in doing sth是固定句式，表示“某人花費(fèi)時(shí)間在(做)某事上”，故選D項(xiàng)spend。【典例3】語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的搭配.I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s，_38_ children from different races and religions played and studied together in harmony.At that time my family lived a stones throw from Ismails

17、.38A.why Bwhich Chow Dwhen解析分析句子可知，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句_38_ children from different races and religions.修飾先行詞the early 1960s，所以需填表時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when，故答案為D項(xiàng)。(2014天津)One night，when I was eight，my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget.“Sweetie，my company wants to _1_ me but needs me to work in Brazil.Thi

18、s is like your teacher telling you that youve done _2_ and allowing you to skip a grade(跳級(jí))，but youll have to _3_ your friends.Would you say yes to your teacher？”She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it.I was puzzled.The question kept me _4_ for the rest of the night.I had said“yes”but for t

19、he first time，I realized the _5_ decisions adults had to make.For almost four years，my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening Id _6_ wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call，however，could never replace her _7_ and it was difficult not to feel

20、 lonely at times.During my fourthgrade Christmas break，we flew to Rio to visit her.Looking at her large _8_ apartment，I became _9_ how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.It was then _10_ I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on _11_ family and work._12_ difficult d

21、ecisions，she used to tell me，you wouldnt know whether you made the right choice，but you could always make the best out of the situation，with passion and a _13_ attitude.Back home，I _14_ myself that what my mother could do，I could，too.If she _15_ to live in Rio all by herself，I，too，could learn to be

22、_16_.I learnt how to take care of myself and set high but achievable _17_.My mother is now back with us.But I will never forget what the _18_ has really taught me.Sacrifices _19_ in the end.The separation between us has proved to be a _20_ for me.【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】“我”還是八歲小孩的時(shí)候，母親就讓我明白，成人有時(shí)也會(huì)面對(duì)工作和家庭的艱難選擇，要努力平衡兩者

23、之間的關(guān)系；隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，我越來(lái)越能夠體味母親的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)與獨(dú)立；聚少離多的生活也使我在理解母親的同時(shí)，成長(zhǎng)為一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)獨(dú)立的人。母親的犧牲獲得了回報(bào)。1A.attract Bpromote Csurprise Dpraise解析考查詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知母親將被升職，故選B。答案B2A.little Bmuch Cwell Dwrong解析考查語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)下文“允許你跳級(jí)”，說(shuō)明做得好，故選C。答案C3A.leave Brefuse Ccontact Dforgive解析考查語(yǔ)境理解及詞義辨析。A.離開(kāi)；B.拒絕；C.和聯(lián)系；D.原諒。根據(jù)上下文，可知因?yàn)樘?jí)要離開(kāi)朋友，故選A。答案A4A.ex

24、plaining Bsleeping Cwondering Dregretting解析考查語(yǔ)境理解及詞義辨析。A.解釋；B.睡覺(jué)；C.思考；想知道；D.遺憾。根據(jù)上下文，這個(gè)問(wèn)題讓“我”一直思考，可知選C。答案C5A.poor Btimely Cfinal Dtough解析考查詞義辨析與語(yǔ)境理解。根據(jù)第三自然段第三行the tough choices提示，可知選D。答案D6A.eagerly Bpolitely Cnervously Dcuriously解析考查副詞辨析。A.eagerly熱切地；B.禮貌地；C.緊張地；D.好奇地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，母親在外地工作，很難見(jiàn)面，“我”一定是“熱切地”盼望

25、母親來(lái)電話，故選A。答案A7A.patience Bpresence Cintelligence Dinfluence解析考查名詞辨析。A.耐心；B.出席，在場(chǎng)；C.智慧；D.影響。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：可是一個(gè)電話永遠(yuǎn)不可能代替母親本人在，因此有時(shí)很難不感到孤獨(dú)，可知選B。答案B8A.comfortable Bexpensive Cempty Dmodern解析考查形容詞辨析。A.舒適的；B.昂貴的；C.空蕩蕩的；D.現(xiàn)代化的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境：“看到她空蕩蕩的寓所，我也意識(shí)到母親自己在巴西也很孤獨(dú)”與下文中的“l(fā)onely”語(yǔ)境呼應(yīng)，故選C。答案C9A.interested in Baware of Cdou

26、btful about Dsatisfied with解析考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A.對(duì)感興趣；B.意識(shí)到；C.對(duì)感到懷疑；D.對(duì)感到滿意，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B。答案B10A.when Bwhere Cwhich Dthat解析考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。句意：直到那時(shí)，我才開(kāi)始感激母親為了平衡工作和家庭所做出的艱難選擇。此句是強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，故選D。答案D11A.abandoning Bbalancing Ccomparing Dmixing解析考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.拋棄；B.平衡；C.對(duì)比；D.混合。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知選B。答案B12A.Depending on BSupplied with CFaced with DInsisting on解析考查短語(yǔ)辨析。A.依靠，根據(jù)；B.為提供；C.面臨，面對(duì)；D.堅(jiān)持。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意：“面對(duì)艱難的抉擇，她常告訴我，你不可能知道自己的選擇是否正確，但你可以用熱情和樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度去充分利用這種情況。”可知，選C。答案C13A.different Bfriendly Cpositive Dgeneral解析考查形容詞辨析。A.不同的；B.友好的；C.樂(lè)觀的；積極的；D.大致的，大體上的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，“應(yīng)用樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度面對(duì)這種情況”，可知選C。答案C14A.criticized Binformed Cwarned Dreminded解析考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A.批判；批