四級(jí)匹配題答題技巧

1、四級(jí)樣題：Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph i

2、s marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Universities Branch OutA) As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific disc

3、overies that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for

4、 global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.B) In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending thei

5、r own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.C) Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than

6、 the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed

7、 countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate s

8、tudy is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the

9、top research universities received their graduate education abroad.D) Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,20

10、0 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in summer internships (實(shí)習(xí)) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship op

11、portunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible.E) Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a researc

12、h center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students

13、 visit regularly and attend videoconference seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training

14、 from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.F) As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施) an

15、d applications software of the 1990s. The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Har

16、vard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university.G) For all its success, the United States remains deeply

17、 hesitant about sustaining the research-university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen

18、 more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of l

19、ong-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year.H) American politicians have great difficulty recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international and foreign-language study is well below the levels of

20、40 years ago. In the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and business le

21、aders led to improvements in the process and a reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students.I) Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreig

22、n students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States andlike immigrants throughout historystrengthen the

23、 nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍視) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stabil

24、ity as welcoming international university students.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。46.American universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47.Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.

25、9 percent.48.The enrollment of international students will have a positive impact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness.49.The way research is carried out in universities has changed as a result of globalization.50.Of the newly hired professors in science and engineering in the United

26、States, twenty percent come from foreign countries.51.The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process.52.The U.S. federal funding for research has been unsteady for years.53.Around the world, governments encourage t

27、he model of linking university-based science and industrial application.54.Present-day universities have become a powerful force for global integration.55.When foreign students leave America, they will bring American values back to their home countries.Keys: 46. D 47. C 48. I 49. E 50. C 51. H 52. G

28、 53. F 54. A 55. I從樣卷看，此次涉及改革題目的特點(diǎn)是：1、 做題時(shí)間1015分鐘(整體閱讀包括選詞填空、匹配和精度，共計(jì)40分鐘);2、 四級(jí)樣卷顯示需要將10道題目信息配對(duì)到9個(gè)段落中;3、 六級(jí)樣卷顯示需要將10道題目信息配對(duì)到15個(gè)段落中;4、 考試說明提到，某段可能被用到兩次，而某段可能完全不被涉及。5、 這類題型的出題形式為：題干給出原文的若干條細(xì)節(jié)信息，要求考生找出文中分別有這些信息的段落(即題目當(dāng)中會(huì)問道：which paragraph contains the following information?)。難點(diǎn)分析：1、順序原則被打破 段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對(duì)題之所

29、以讓無數(shù)考生聞之色變，主要在于這種題目打破了解答雅思閱讀題目傳統(tǒng)的閱讀技巧和解題思路。首先，作為匹配題代表，這種題型明顯不會(huì)遵守其他主流題型的“順序原則”，考生從文章開頭到結(jié)尾定位的方法顯然行不通;2、題目均為長(zhǎng)句形式 其次，題目當(dāng)中的表述通常是極其復(fù)雜和繁瑣的名詞短語或者長(zhǎng)難句型，在試圖尋找合適的定位詞之前，考生往往就業(yè)已被題干錯(cuò)中復(fù)雜的表述搞得云里霧里了;例如四級(jí)樣卷第51題：The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to cha

30、nges in the visa process.3、定位詞模糊 即使考生能夠排除萬難，讀懂題目陳述中晦澀難懂的意思，尋找定位詞仍然存在很大的障礙，因?yàn)檫@類題目往往不會(huì)出現(xiàn)非常明顯的可以實(shí)踐拿來主義的明顯定位詞(數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、特殊字體和特殊符號(hào)等等)，即使僥幸被我們碰到一個(gè)，這個(gè)定位詞也通常和文章主題聯(lián)系密切，且出現(xiàn)多次，所以并沒有太大實(shí)用意義，例如上題中的U.S.;4、兩題對(duì)一段的可能性增加干擾性 最后，一般選擇題至少是一對(duì)一進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)的，如果能夠成功選出一對(duì)，那么就至少可以排除一個(gè)選項(xiàng)。但是在段落細(xì)節(jié)信息對(duì)應(yīng)題當(dāng)中，四、六級(jí)樣卷明確提醒：You may choose a parag

31、raph more than once.一段可能被用兩次。這樣最有效的排除法在這里也就再無用武之地了。 所以，從上面四個(gè)特點(diǎn)不難看出，如果想從根本上解決這種題型，考試方的思路是希望考生能夠從頭到尾讀完一遍文章，從宏觀和微觀兩個(gè)方面全面掌握文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)信息之后再進(jìn)行解題的，但是這種思路對(duì)于閱讀水平和單詞量都有限的四、六級(jí)考生來說有些難針對(duì)四級(jí)樣題，我們對(duì)四級(jí)考生提出以下做題建議：一、先看題再看文章1、段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對(duì)題的陳述雖然都是文章細(xì)節(jié)信息，但是表述基本都是圍繞文章標(biāo)題或者每一段落的主題進(jìn)行描述的，通過快速閱讀題干部分表述，可以迅速了解文章主旨大意。如四級(jí)樣卷中Q46Q4846 Amer

32、ican universities prepare their undergraduates for global careers by giving them chances for international study or internship.47 Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.48 The enrollment of international students will have a positive i

33、mpact on America rather than threaten its competitiveness. 熟悉四級(jí)場(chǎng)景詞匯的同學(xué)一定認(rèn)識(shí)：university, enrollment, students 名詞形式，文章關(guān)于美國大學(xué)教育或?qū)W生的主題就此迅速清楚; 在考生看過文章標(biāo)題Universities Branch Out之后，通過快速預(yù)覽這道段落細(xì)節(jié)信息配對(duì)題的題干部分，考生可以馬上了解到文章所圍繞的主題是美國大學(xué)的擴(kuò)張，即使題干中的每一個(gè)表述并不是文章的Topic sentence(主旨句)，但是卻都與文章的主題息息相關(guān)的。所以通過快速瀏覽這種題目的題干不失為在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握文

34、章主旨大意的一種方法。2、用特殊標(biāo)記詞匯盡快定位簡(jiǎn)單題目： 特殊詞匯包括：精確數(shù)據(jù)、非文章高頻詞的大寫或?qū)Ｓ忻~、斜體或援引內(nèi)容等如47題Since the mid-1970s, the enrollment of overseas students has increased at an annual rate of 3.9 percent.3.9 percent.就是一個(gè)精確數(shù)據(jù)，直接定位至C段，即告選擇成功。C段Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad

35、 has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004.又如51題The number of foreign students applying to U.S. universities decreased sharply after September 11 due to changes in the visa process. September 11 是一個(gè)非高頻專有大寫，直接定位至H段即告定位成功。H段Adjusted for inflation, public f

36、unding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago. In the wake of September 11 解決完前兩步后，相對(duì)困難的時(shí)間開始了，我們建議考生用順序梳理原文的方式，逐一進(jìn)行答案的確認(rèn)。二、一段一段速讀文章，一道一道梳理題目1、速讀每一段，關(guān)注段首段尾句和段內(nèi)重點(diǎn)單詞區(qū)域(例如邏輯關(guān)系等) 段首或段尾句可以迅速告知本段主要內(nèi)容，而常見閱讀重點(diǎn)詞匯及短語區(qū)域則是段內(nèi)重點(diǎn)信息的表達(dá)。因果轉(zhuǎn)折類：but however unfort

37、unately since because the reason 選擇關(guān)系：either or 比較關(guān)系類：more even more than most 遞進(jìn)關(guān)系： not only but also not merely but讓步關(guān)系： although though 事實(shí)羅列：for example in fact 序數(shù)詞： first second at last如四級(jí)樣卷A段：重點(diǎn)區(qū)域：段尾句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, inf

38、ormation and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. 而定位至本句后，根據(jù)長(zhǎng)難句中關(guān)注謂語賓語結(jié)構(gòu)或表語結(jié)構(gòu)，重點(diǎn)位置再次被定位至：has made universities a powerful force，以此句去匹配剩余題目即可。 瀏覽至54題，發(fā)現(xiàn)：Present-day universities have become a powerful force f

39、or global integration. 則答題成功。 同理，F(xiàn)段重點(diǎn)句包含BUT The link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: 瀏覽至53題，發(fā)現(xiàn)Around the world, governments encourage the model of linking university-based science and industrial application. 則答題成功。2、用同意替換解決速

40、讀無法解決的段落及題目。 同意替換是閱讀類題目終極解決方案，它包括單詞或短語甚至句子用另一種含義表達(dá)的所有形式。相對(duì)而言，四級(jí)部分更多強(qiáng)調(diào)詞語的同意替換，例如上題中，段落中的link變成題目中的linking。 當(dāng)然，也有一定難度的題目來影響考生的分?jǐn)?shù)。如四級(jí)樣卷E段： Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howa

41、rd Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory facility. Yale faculty, postdoctors and graduate students visit regularly and attend videoconference seminar