熊海虹主編《高等學(xué)校研究生英語(yǔ)綜合教程 下》配套課件Unit 1

1、高等院校研究生英語(yǔ)系列教材綜合教程（下）綜合教程（下）INTEGRATED COURSEUnit 1 Living A Full Life Unit 1Living a Full Life Content Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final ProjectTask 1Discuss with members of your group what is/are the most important element(s) for living a full life.

2、 You may choose one or more from the following list or provide your own answer. Then give reasons why you have made such a choice. a good appearance close friends a happy mindset a good neighborhood perfect health an absorbing hobby a good job lottery winnings a happy familyTask 2 Your best friend h

3、as recently been in low spirits ever since she was diagnosed with COPD (慢性阻塞性肺病). She stays in bed most of the time and misses a lot of classes. She has nothing to do, and moreover wants to do nothing. How would you encourage her to cope with the disease with a positive attitude?Here are some sugges

4、tions from experts that will enable you to retain (or take back) much of your independence and improve your quality of life. Dont isolate yourself.reach out to others Stay as physically active as you can Manage your breathing Stick with your treatment planTask 3Read the letter from John Doe and, wit

5、h your partner, discuss how you could help him.Dear Abby,I feel like I almost cant breathe now. I work a ridiculous amount of hours and I dont have time to relax. My parents live 1,400 miles away and I am here all by myself. I have no time to make friends. Sometimes I feel I dont even have a life. W

6、hat should I do?Kind regards,John Dear John, I used to live a life just like yours. I can see myself in you when I finished my college and started my first job. I found a job as junior reporter for Chicago Daily so I moved from Houston to Chicago. I was working 18 hours a day in a place where I knew

7、 few people. My health finally broke down from too much work and poor diet. I stayed in hospital for two weeks. My parents came to Chicago and took care of me. After I was out of hospital, I quitted my job and moved back to Houston, where I found a job in a local newspaper. I visited my parents ofte

8、n and I had time to hang around with my friends whom I had known for years as well as those I newly made. I felt happy finally. So my suggestion is to take some time off your work and go back to visit your parents and friends. Consider changing a job which requires fewer hours so that you may have t

9、ime to make friends. You may also try to take classes on a subject you are interested in or pursue a hobby. You are sure to find life worth living. Yours, AbbyListen to the passage “Bored to Death” and fill out the blanks. Weve all been bored from time to time. Sometimes, when were really at loose e

10、nds, we might even say were “bored to death” or “_!” We dont really mean it, of course.But according to one study, it may be true. That is, it _ to be bored to death. Researchers in England looked at surveys done in the mid 1980sseveral thousand questionnaires filled out by _ about their jobs.so bor

11、ed I could die seems possible literallyLondon civil servantsThe researchers found that those whod said that in the previous month they were bored at work were _ as other workers to die of a heart problem over the follow-up period. Workers who _ in their jobs were less likely to die prematurely.Now,

12、this doesnt mean that feeling bored _ will kill you. Were talking about chronic boredom, as in being bored all the time. more than twice as likely claimed to be interested every once in a whileAnd its not necessarily boredom itself thats deadly. Most probably,according to the study, its the fact tha

13、t being bored often leads to _ such as smoking, overeating, drinking, and abusing drugs.Other studies have linked _a disease known often to lead to poor health.Does this mean that being engaged and interestedin other words, the opposite of bored_?Maybe. If not being bored means being physically acti

14、ve and adopting good dietary and exercise habits, then it certainly cant hurt.unhealthy habitsboredom and depressionleads to better healthThe Hidden Side of Happiness Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Language Points5Vocabulary in Action6Background Information1Watch a clip

15、 from The Pursuit of Happyness in which Christophers wife just left him. Discuss with your partner how people should pursue happiness. Click on the pictureGlobal Understanding1Introduction2Body3Conclusion(Paras. 1-3)(Paras. 4-17)(Para. 18)IntroductionGlobal UnderstandingMain idea: Many people find t

16、hat enduring a harrowing ordeal _.There seems to be a built-in human capacity to _.What doesnt kill you can actually make you stronger.ultimately changes them for the betterflourish under the most difficult circumstancesBody Main idea: People who have suffered the most, who have beenforced to conten

17、d with shocks they never anticipated and torethink the meaning of their lives, _. may have the most totell us about that profound and intensely fulfillingjourney that philosophers used to call the searchGlobal Understandingfor “the good life”Argument 1: Happiness is only one among many values in hum

18、an life. Sometimes only _ can foster such qualities as _ because _.Example: 31-year-old fashion designer Tracy Cyr. “I felt I hadbeen shown the secret of life and why were here: to be happyand to nurture other life. Its that simple.”the trials of adversitycreativitycompassion, wisdom, altruism, insi

19、ght, Global Understandingsometimes onlydrastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of changeBody Argument 2: For many people who have endured extreme eventslike combat, violent crime or sudden serious illnessperhapseven the majoritylife _. ultimately becomes richer and Global Unde

20、rstandingmore gratifyingBody Argument 3: Actually implementing these changes, as well asfully coming to terms with a new reality, _ _. And eventually, people may find themselves freed in ways they never imagined.Example: _. Although parenting can bring sleep deprivation and thenecessity of putting a

21、side personal pleasure, ultimately, theemotional rewards can compensate for the pain and difficultiesof adversity.usually takesOne of lifes biggest challenges: parentingconscious, effortGlobal UnderstandingBody ConclusionMain idea: _.Its possible to live an extraordinary rewarding lifeeven within th

22、e constraints and struggles we faceGlobal UnderstandingTask 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text (P11) Key:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10BCAADACDBDDetailed InformationCritical ThinkingReading FocusWork together with your partner to answer the following questions b

23、ased on the text youve just read.Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. The writer claims in the first paragraph that, “many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.” In which sense does she mean by saying “to change for the better”, physically or mentally?

24、2. In the second paragraph, the writer believes in “a built-in capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.” Do you agree with her? Provide examples to elaborate your opinion.3. Do you agree with the statement “What doesnt kill you actually makes you stronger”? Why or why not? Discus

25、s in groups the following questions.1. Have you had the experience of going through a very difficult situation and coming out as a better person? Or do you know someone who has experienced this?2. Unlike those who are so unfortunate to have been struck by diseases or who have been forced to go throu

26、gh extreme difficulties in life, some people choose to voluntarily take adventures or challenges, like extreme sports, to push themselves to limits. Why do these people do so and what can they obtain from these experiences?Reading FocusCritical Thinking1. Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater

27、rafting1 accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. (para.1) Language Point hurricane: a storm that has very strong fast winds and that moves over water 颶風(fēng) e.g. A drenching rain poured down and the rising hurricane drove it in sheets along the ground. similar terms: typhoon/ monsoo

28、n/ trade windvicious: 1) violent and cruel in a way that hurts someone physically e.g. a vicious murder a vicious killer2) very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someones feelings or make their character seem bad, e.g. She was shocked by the vicious tone in his voice.similar words: malicious,

29、 evil, violent, savage, cruel, ferocious, fierceLanguage Point 2. There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances. (para.2)Language Point flourish: develop well and be successful e.g. The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing. thrive:

30、e.g. Children thrive when given plenty of love and attention.3. This fledgling field has already proved the truth of what once passed as bromide: (Para. 3) fledgling: a fledgling state or organization has only recently been formed and is still developing e.g. Nursed the fledgling business through an

31、 economic downturn. Language Point 4. Those who weather adversity well are living proof of the paradoxes of happiness.(para.4)Language Point paradoxes: a person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange e.g. He was a paradox-a loner who loved to chat to strangers

32、. The paradox is that fishermen would catch more fish if they fished less.5. But that feeling of transformation is in some ways typical, (papa.11)Language Point transform: to completely change the appearance, form, or character of something or someone, especially in a way that improves ite.g. The mo

33、vie transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar. After three weeks we noticed a total transformation in his behavior. 6. In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions o

34、f the world is torn away. (para.12) Language Point 翻譯：翻譯：在事情發(fā)生的那一瞬間，我們的安全感被沖在事情發(fā)生的那一瞬間，我們的安全感被沖破了，平時(shí)處于我們與我們對(duì)世界的種種看法之間破了，平時(shí)處于我們與我們對(duì)世界的種種看法之間的自我保護(hù)的精神盔甲被剝離了。的自我保護(hù)的精神盔甲被剝離了。 Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- Task 1Read the words and their explanations in the box. Choose a word to complete each of the sentence

35、s below and explain its meaning. Change the form if necessary.(P14)provinces b.woke a.haunt b.trouble a.weathers d.wake b.coined c.trouble b.Vocabulary in Action Key 9- 10- 11- 12- 13- 14- 15- 16- 17-18-19-20- weather vince c.coin a.value a.haunts a.has promised a.trouble c.coin b.Vocabulary in

36、 Action promise d.values c.refrain b.valued e.Task 21. The _ atmosphere of the inn allows guests to feel totally at home.2. Technological advances might _ lead to even more job losses.Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate phrase from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P15)tranquilultim

37、atelyadversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimatelyVocabulary in Action 3. In the _ of the shootings, there were calls for tighter controls on gun ownership.4. Her kindness and generosity _ her occasional f

38、lashes of temper.5. He was beginning to wonder if he would survive the _ .6. Foreign food aid has led to a _ reduction in the numbers of people dying of starvation.aftermathcancel outordealdrasticVocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect t

39、ranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately7. Perhaps her most important _ was her program of educational reform.8. There were food shortages and other _ during the Civil War.9. The new economic policies could prove _ for the party.10. The building will be completed around six months e

40、arlier than _ .legacydeprivationssuicidalanticipatedVocabulary in Action adversity ordeal anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimately11. The experience was enough to keep him _ for some time.12. The road to happiness is

41、paved with _ .13. She _ to nothing no less than the chairmanship of the company.14. He might be influenced by _ for the surroundings of his happy youth.15. In _ , I wish that I had thought about alternative courses of action.preoccupiedadversitiesaspiresnostalgiaVocabulary in Action adversity ordeal

42、 anticipate drastic suicidalpreoccupy legacy nostalgia retrospect tranquildeprivation aspire aftermath cancel out ultimatelyretrospectTask 3Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English. Try to use the expressions you have learned from the text. (p.17)1. Watchi

43、ng your baby being born is _ (極其令人興奮的經(jīng)歷).2. There is _ (內(nèi)置儲(chǔ)藏空間) in all bedrooms.3. This handout focuses on _ (自我保護(hù)措施) under difficult climatic conditions.a mind-blowing experiencebuilt-in storage spaceself-protection measuresVocabulary in Action 4. Im sure we could offer you some _ (短期的工作).5. So, ho

44、w is it that we all, or at least many of us, have such a _ (歪曲的、否定的自我觀念)?6. Helen Hunt stars as a character undergoing _ (改變了生活的事件) in Then She Found Me.7. She has written a book that is beautiful because of the honesty and the raw emotion that is portrayed in _ (無(wú)所不包的細(xì)節(jié)).8. Having a decent job cont

45、ributes to _ (一個(gè)好的自我形象).short-term employmentdistorted and negative self-perceptionlife-changing eventsVocabulary in Action all-encompassing detailsa good self-image 語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)篇（discourse）是在交際功能上相對(duì)完整和獨(dú)立的一個(gè)語(yǔ)言片斷。為了進(jìn)行有效的交際活動(dòng)，語(yǔ)篇應(yīng)銜接銜接（cohesion）得當(dāng)，連貫性連貫性（coherence）好。銜接手段（cohesive device）是一種謀篇手段，是生成語(yǔ)篇的重要條件之一，也是譯者

46、在翻譯過程中首先要考慮的問題，因?yàn)樗苯雨P(guān)系到譯文的質(zhì)量。銜接自然的譯文讀起來(lái)通順、流暢、連貫；缺乏銜接或銜接不當(dāng)?shù)淖g文晦澀難懂，影響閱讀，也影響交際功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。語(yǔ)篇層次的翻譯語(yǔ)篇層次的翻譯銜接銜接從語(yǔ)篇層面上說(shuō)，英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在形合（hypotaxis）和意合（parataxis）方面的差異。由于英漢兩種語(yǔ)言邏輯思維的不同，英語(yǔ)重“形合”，句子內(nèi)部的連接或句子間的連接采用顯性的語(yǔ)言手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，主要是通過各種語(yǔ)法手段和詞匯手段，以表示其結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系。因此，英語(yǔ)中長(zhǎng)句多。漢語(yǔ)重“意合”，句中各成分之間或句子之間的結(jié)合少用甚至不用形式銜接手段，主要靠句子內(nèi)部的隱性邏輯聯(lián)系，注重邏輯事理的順序以及意

47、義和主旨上的銜接和連貫。因此，漢語(yǔ)中短句多，短句間的邏輯關(guān)系靠意義來(lái)表達(dá)，語(yǔ)法處于次要地位。在翻譯過程中，要牢記英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在形合和意合上的差別，注意形合和意合之間的轉(zhuǎn)換和調(diào)整。1) I had so worked upon my imagination as really to believe that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar to themselves and their immediate vicinity an atmosphere which had no affinit

48、y with the air of heaven, but which had reeked up from the decayed trees, and the grey wall, and the silent tarna pestilent and mystic vapor, dull, sluggish, faintly discernible, and leaden-hued. (Edgar Allan Poe: “The Fall of the House of Usher”)譯文：譯文： 我如此沉湎于自己的想象，以至于我實(shí)實(shí)在在地認(rèn)為那宅院及其周圍懸浮著一種它們所特有的空氣。那種

49、空氣并非生發(fā)于天地自然，而是生發(fā)于那些枯樹殘枝、灰墻暗壁，生發(fā)于那一汪死氣沉沉的湖水。那是一種神秘而致命的霧靄，陰晦，凝滯，朦朧，沉濁如鉛。（曹明倫譯） 解析解析： 這個(gè)例句選自美國(guó)作家愛倫 坡的小說(shuō)名篇厄舍府之倒塌。整段話其實(shí)只有一個(gè)完整的句子，共70 個(gè)字，它不僅通過多個(gè)消極、晦澀、陰暗的形容詞，如：decayed, grey, silent, pestilent, mystic, dull, sluggish, leaden-hued 來(lái)營(yíng)造一種凄涼、蕭瑟的自然氛圍和壓抑、沉悶的心理氣氛，而且通過一個(gè)典型“形合”的長(zhǎng)句來(lái)烘托這種乏味、陰晦的自然氛圍和心理氣氛。這個(gè)“形合”長(zhǎng)句主要采用各種

50、語(yǔ)法手段（如并列句、狀語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句）以及詞匯手段（如詞匯atmosphere 的重復(fù)）等來(lái)表示其結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系，并進(jìn)行有機(jī)的銜接。在翻譯過程中，原語(yǔ)中“顯性的語(yǔ)法和詞匯手段”不能完全照搬到目標(biāo)語(yǔ)中，也就是說(shuō)，不能用帶有各種成分的長(zhǎng)句來(lái)處理這個(gè)句子，否則整個(gè)漢語(yǔ)句子就會(huì)顯得拖沓、冗長(zhǎng)。因此在正確理解原文內(nèi)容、弄清原文內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，用三個(gè)分句來(lái)處理這個(gè)長(zhǎng)句。分句之間雖然也運(yùn)用了一定的詞匯和語(yǔ)法手段，如重復(fù)“空氣”一詞和運(yùn)用并列結(jié)構(gòu)“生發(fā)于，生發(fā)于”，分句之間的銜接主要還是靠意義和邏輯關(guān)系的連接，先是講我想象的內(nèi)容，然后講想象內(nèi)容“空氣”和周圍環(huán)境的關(guān)系，最后講這種空氣的實(shí)質(zhì)。三個(gè)分句

51、環(huán)環(huán)相扣，層層展開，如果缺少了分句中意義和邏輯關(guān)系的銜接，整個(gè)句子就無(wú)法成為一個(gè)有機(jī)而連貫的漢語(yǔ)句子。2) She had a very thin face like the dial of a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour and the minute and the second, with a white silence and a glowing,

52、all certainty and knowing what it has to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darkness but moving also toward a new sun. (Ray Douglas Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451)譯文：譯文：（ 她的）容貌那么清秀，就像半夜里醒來(lái)時(shí)在黑暗中隱約可見的小小的鐘面，報(bào)告時(shí)刻的鐘面。它皎潔而安靜，深知時(shí)間在飛馳，深信黑暗雖然越來(lái)越深沉，卻也越來(lái)越接近新生的太陽(yáng)。（苗懷新譯）解析解析： 這個(gè)例句選自美國(guó)作家布拉德伯利的著名的反烏托邦小說(shuō)

53、華氏451 度。整段話共80 個(gè)字，是一個(gè)完整而典型的“形合”句，主要是采用各種語(yǔ)法手段（如被動(dòng)句、定語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、并列句）以及運(yùn)用修辭手法來(lái)進(jìn)行有機(jī)的銜接，使原文一氣呵成。在翻譯過程中，在正確理解原文內(nèi)容、理清原文內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)，原語(yǔ)中“顯性的語(yǔ)法和詞匯手段”，除了兩組重復(fù)的詞（“鐘面”、“深知”和“深信”）以及前后指代（“鐘面”和“它”）外，大部分都被隱去，取而代之的是漢語(yǔ)中意義和邏輯上的銜接和連貫。譯文充分利用漢語(yǔ)的短句形式，按照原文的邏輯順序，把整個(gè)句子切分成兩個(gè)單句、七個(gè)部分。每個(gè)部分間層層相連，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，讀起來(lái)有讀原文那種一氣呵成的感覺。如果脫離了漢語(yǔ)句子間意義和邏輯的銜接，整個(gè)句子

54、將支離破碎、讀起來(lái)拗口、別扭。1. Ive been spared a lot, one of the blessed of the earth, at least one of its lucky, that privileged handful of the dramatically prospering, the sort whose secrets are asked, like the hundred-year-old man.2. And so Franklin Roosevelt found that he had, in effect, to recruit an entire

55、ly new and temporary government to be piled on top of the old one, the new government to get the tanks and airplanes built, the uniforms made, the men and women assembled and trained and shipped abroad, and the battles fought and won.Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.1. 我一直活得無(wú)憂無(wú)慮，深得上帝垂

56、愛，至少算個(gè)幸運(yùn)兒，少數(shù)人才享有的尊榮富貴，我垂手得之。就像百歲人瑞總有人討教，我的秘訣也總有人探詢。 2. 富蘭克林 羅斯福因此意識(shí)到他必須招募新班人馬，組建臨時(shí)機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)補(bǔ)強(qiáng)不能勝任的舊政府。新成立的政府機(jī)構(gòu)專門負(fù)責(zé)建造坦克飛機(jī)，定制軍服，招募培訓(xùn)戰(zhàn)士。這些戰(zhàn)士將被派往前線，去贏得一場(chǎng)場(chǎng)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。Translation for Reference:Personal LettersA personal letter is a letter which provides communication between a small number of people, usually two. Ther

57、e are many types of personal letters and they are written for a wide variety of reasons, for example:* obtaining information from an individual or a business;* telling somebody about themselves, for example, pen pals;* sending an individual or a business a social note, such as a thank-you or congrat

58、ulations;* contacting an acquaintance, a friend or family member, for example, to exchange information.The Format of a LetterIn general, a letter, be it personal or formal, is comprised of the same parts. Lets take a look at the following specimen format of a personal letter. Senders addressDateSalu

59、tationBody of the letterComplimentarycloseName orSignatureThe address of the senderThe senders address is written on the top right-hand corner of the page. Remember that the address of the receiver, which is often referred to as the receivers or addressees address, is not appropriate in a personal l

60、etter.The dateThe date is written below the senders address with a blank line in between. In the month-day-year system, popular in the United States, a comma is used between the day and the year, as in September 10, 2009 whereas British people tend to adopt the day-month-year mode, as in 10th Septem