“說寫結(jié)合”培養(yǎng)小學(xué)生的英語寫作能力

1、基礎(chǔ)教育階段英語課程的任務(wù)之一就是使學(xué)生掌握一定的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和聽、說、讀、寫技能，形成一定的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力?？v觀當(dāng)前的小學(xué)英語教學(xué)，教師往往注重口語交際的訓(xùn)練，忽視對寫的有效練習(xí)；現(xiàn)行的教材也比較重視聽說訓(xùn)練，對寫的內(nèi)容安排很少，且缺乏相應(yīng)的指導(dǎo)。為了彌補(bǔ)這方面的不足，筆者在教學(xué)實(shí)踐中將英語寫作融入日常教學(xué)中，使說和寫有機(jī)結(jié)合，通過英語寫作訓(xùn)練使說的訓(xùn)練得到進(jìn)一步升華，實(shí)現(xiàn)口語表達(dá)向書面表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)化，以說帶寫，以寫促說，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)小學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)語言的能力，有效提高小學(xué)生的英語水平。一、開展閱讀活動(dòng)，引發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作欲望閱讀是學(xué)生獲取知識(shí)和信息最常用的方法和最基本的途徑。在閱讀過程中，學(xué)生通過聯(lián)

2、想、思維、理解和記憶等方式對信息進(jìn)行分析、篩選和創(chuàng)造，使之更加鮮活，更富有意義。筆者經(jīng)常給學(xué)生布置一些讀的作業(yè)，要求學(xué)生每天閱讀一篇英語小故事、小作文或小笑話，在閱讀的過程中遇到生詞就摘抄下來，一方面積累了詞匯，另一方面也拓寬了知識(shí)面。下面是一位學(xué)生根據(jù)A Little Dog 仿寫的一篇小作文：My CatI have a lovely little cat. It has two big blue eyes, a black nose and a small mouth. And it has yellow, white and brown fur. Its paws are white.

3、 It's so beautiful. I love it very much. It likes to play with a ball and hide -and -seek. It doesn't like hot weather, but it likes cool weather. It likes to eat sausage and fish. I help it to have a bath once a week. I love it.最初讓學(xué)生用英語寫作時(shí)，他們只能仿寫教材中自己喜歡的一個(gè)小片段，后來開始仿寫整篇作文，英語寫作水平逐漸提高。二、組織“小記者采

4、訪”活動(dòng)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作興趣為了激發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作興趣，筆者在學(xué)生中開展了“今天我是一名小記者”活動(dòng)。每位學(xué)生根據(jù)筆者預(yù)先設(shè)定好的采訪內(nèi)容Ask Your FriendYour friend's nameHow old is he (she)?What does he (she) look like?How tall is he (she)?What does he (she) like to do?“小記者采訪”活動(dòng)增進(jìn)了學(xué)生之間的交流，提高了他們的英語口語交際能力。他們在采訪過程中把獲得的信息寫出來，也提高了英語寫作水平。學(xué)生通過采訪完成表1，然后根據(jù)實(shí)際情況完成表2：2 My Fri

5、endI have a good friend. Her name is Zhang Lu. She is eleven years old. Her face is round. She has two big eyes and a small nose. Her mouth is small and red. She is very beautiful. She is 1.5 metres tall. She likes to read books. She is a happy girl. A photo / picture of my friend學(xué)生的作品經(jīng)過老師指導(dǎo)和修改后，被推薦

6、刊登在本校的校園簡報(bào)和快樂英語小報(bào)上，這進(jìn)一步激發(fā)了學(xué)生用英語寫作的熱情，增強(qiáng)了他們學(xué)好英語的自信心。漸漸地，小記者們由在校園內(nèi)采訪擴(kuò)展到校外，采訪內(nèi)容由人物、動(dòng)物擴(kuò)展到身邊的事情，他們的英語運(yùn)用能力和寫作水平逐步得到了提高。學(xué)生們在采訪活動(dòng)中也開闊了眼界，體會(huì)到了說英語和寫英語的快樂。三、倡導(dǎo)“對話記錄”，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的寫作能力小學(xué)英語（冀教版，三年級起始，下同） 中的課文很多是以對話形式出現(xiàn)的。如果僅僅讓學(xué)生朗讀和表演對話，教學(xué)活動(dòng)就會(huì)顯得單調(diào)、機(jī)械。為了使學(xué)生真正做到學(xué)以致用，筆者在學(xué)生熟練掌握課文內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，讓學(xué)生以課文內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行自由對話，并把這些對話整理成一篇小短文，這既是對學(xué)生綜

7、合能力的訓(xùn)練，又是對教材內(nèi)容的拓展。通過這種寫作訓(xùn)練，學(xué)生思維更加靈活，學(xué)習(xí)更加主動(dòng)，對所學(xué)知識(shí)的掌握更加牢固，同時(shí)提高了學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語的能力。例如，筆者在教學(xué)完第七冊11 課Mr.Wood Teaches a Lesson 一課中有關(guān)形狀的單詞后，用幾個(gè)不同形狀的圖片拼成一個(gè)人的形狀，然后要求學(xué)生就此展開對話：S1: What is it?S2: It is a boy.S1: What shape is the boy's head?S2: His head is a circle.S1: How many circles are there on his head?S2: Th

8、ree circles. One big circle is his head. And the two blue small circles are his eyes.S3: What shape is his mouth?S4: His mouth is a red line.S5: What shape is his nose?S6: His nose is a triangle.S7: How many squares are there?S8: One square. And the pink square is his stomach.S9: What shape are his

9、legs and arms?S10: Two purple triangles make his legs. And the other two orange triangles make his arms. Oh, the boy is wearing a yellow hat, and the hat is a triangle.T: Is the boy beautiful?Ss: Yes, it is very beautiful.在學(xué)生創(chuàng)編對話之后，作為對口語表達(dá)的延伸，筆者要求學(xué)生把對話改寫成一篇記敘文。下面是一篇改寫后的學(xué)生習(xí)作：A Boy Made of ShapesI mak

10、e a boy with some shapes. He is beautiful. Look, he is wearing a yellow hat. The hat is a triangle. He has two big blue eyes. His eyes are two circles. His eyes are very bright. His orange nose is too small. His nose is a triangle. His mouth is red and it is a line. His arms and legs are triangles.

11、What shape is his stomach? Oh, his stomach is square. This is a boy made of shapes. Do you like him?在口語交際的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行寫作訓(xùn)練可以激發(fā)學(xué)生英語寫作的主動(dòng)性和創(chuàng)造力，使英語寫作活動(dòng)變得簡單易行，使學(xué)生的口語表達(dá)能力與寫作能力相互促進(jìn)和提高。四、鏈接“友情日記”，增進(jìn)學(xué)生英語寫作的動(dòng)力“日記教學(xué)”是一種在教師指導(dǎo)下的不拘形式、自由輕松的寫作方式。“友情日記”則能進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮學(xué)生獨(dú)自創(chuàng)作以及與同學(xué)互相交流的優(yōu)勢，發(fā)揮小學(xué)生思維靈活、對新鮮事物特別感興趣等天性，讓學(xué)生在自由自在的寫作環(huán)境中感受語言表達(dá)

12、的快樂，逐步提高寫作水平。為了激發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作興趣，提高學(xué)生的寫作能力，筆者把全班學(xué)生分成四人小組，每個(gè)小組共用一個(gè)日記本，各個(gè)組員分工合作，選擇生活中的某個(gè)素材寫成小作文，每位學(xué)生寫完以后署上自己的名字，然后同學(xué)之間互相修改評閱。在“友情日記”活動(dòng)中學(xué)生既是作者，又是讀者，還是評閱者，相互取長補(bǔ)短。這種學(xué)生間交流寫作、閱讀、評改的方式提高了學(xué)生用英語寫作的興趣和積極性。下面是一篇經(jīng)過學(xué)生相互修改后的日記：A Happy DayToday is Saturday. I am very happy because my mother and father take me to the park.

13、After a while, we arrive there. In the park, I see some flowers. They are very beautiful. The colour of the flowers are red, yellow and orange. They are colourful. I like them. Then I see a small lake. Many fish are swimming in the lake. I like the fish. Look, there is a beautiful boat over there. It's floating in the water. The water is very clean. I like this lake. Do you like it? Then we go to the zoo. There are many birds in the zoo. They are singing songs. I see some monkeys playing and eating. They are very naughty. A giraffe can reach