人教初三unit講解學生

1、 Unit 13 Were trying to save the earth! 重點知識歸納解析重點單詞:1. litter v. 亂扔 n. 垃圾 2. bottom n. 底部 3. coal n. 煤 4. ugly adj. 丑陋的 5. cost v.花費 n. 花費 6. wooden adj. 木制的 (wood n. 木材) 7. plastic adj. 塑料的n. 塑料 8. method n. 方法 9. cruel adj. 殘酷的 10. harmful adj. 有害的 (harm n. 害處) 11. industry n. 工業(yè) 12. law n. 法律 13

2、. afford v. 承擔得起14. recycle v. 回收利用 15. gate n. 大門 16. bottle n. 瓶子 17. president n. 負責人 18. work n. 作品 19. metal n. 金屬重點短語:1.make a difference 起作用；有影響 2. take part in 參加 3. turn off 關掉 4. pay for 付費；付出代價 5. cut down 減少 6. lead to 導致 7. hear of 聽說 8. cut off 切除9. throw away 扔掉 10. put sth. to good u

3、se 好好利用 11. put down 拆下 12. upside down 上下顛倒 13. bring back 恢復重點句型:1.Were trying to save the earth. 我們在努力拯救地球。2. The rive used to be so clean. 這河流過去是如此的清澈。3. The air is badly polluted. 空氣被嚴重污染。4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 這種方法不僅殘酷，而且對環(huán)境也有害。5. And the gate in

4、front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前門是由巖石和舊玻璃瓶子制成的。6. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不僅藝術品能給人們帶來快樂，而且冰冷堅硬的鋼鐵在藝術創(chuàng)作下也恢復了生命。【重點講練】1. The air has become really p

5、olluted around here. 這兒的空氣已經(jīng)被污染了。辨析：turn, get 與become become多指身份、職位等的變化，它強調變化的過程已經(jīng)完成，后面可接名詞或形容詞。He becomes a teacher. get多用于口語，表示一種變化過程，強調的是“漸漸變得”，后常接形容詞的比較級形式。In winter the days get shorter. turn指在顏色和性質等方面與以前的完全不同，強調變化的結果。Leaves turned brown in the mountains. 【小試牛刀】用turn, get 和become填空。 Her mother

6、_ angry when she heard the news. Its _ darker and darker outside. The milk has _ bad.2. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 為了減少空氣污染，我們應該乘坐公共汽車或者地鐵，而不是開車。cut down 意為“減少”；是“動詞+副詞”結構的短語，所帶的賓語為名詞時，賓語可位于down的前面或后面；為代詞時，只能位于down前面。Youd better cut the article do

7、wn to about 2,000 words. 【拓展】cut down 還可表示“砍倒”的意思。They cut down the big tree. cut off 切斷；切除cut into 把切成cut up 切碎cut in 插隊【小試牛刀】單項選擇Did you tell it to Jack? Yes, but we were _ in the middle of our telephone conversation. A. cut downB. cut offC. cut upD. cut into 3. Its good for health and it doesnt c

8、ost anything! 它對身體有好處并且不會花費任何東西。辨析：spend, cost, take, pay 花費主語表示的內容spend人賓語可以是錢、精力、時間等。cost物或事后接life, money, health, time等，側重于“花費”的代價。take事或人它說明事情完成“花費了”。pay 人意思是“支付”，作為及物動詞，賓語可以是“人”、“錢”pay for人賓語為“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因【小試牛刀】單項選擇1. Do you take exercise every day?Yes. I always _thirty minutes after suppe

9、r. A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay2. I _ $300 for the bike.A. tookB. spent C. cost D. paid4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 這種方法不僅殘酷，而且對環(huán)境也有害。harmful 形容詞，意為“有害的”。常構成短語be harmful to “對有害的”。Staying up often is harmful to your health. 經(jīng)常熬夜對你的健康有害?！就卣埂縣arm 名詞，意為“害處”。常

10、用構成短語do harm to “對有害”，相當于be harmful to. Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 【小試牛刀】改為同義句。Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. Reading in the sun _ _ _ our eyes. 5. Have you ever taken part in an environmental project? 你曾經(jīng)參加過環(huán)境保護活動嗎？辨析：join, join

11、 in 和take part in join 加入組織，團體，黨派等，有作為其中的一個成員的含義。后面也可以加表示人的名詞，表示和某人一起參加某活動。join in加入一種具體活動。take part in 指參加會議或群眾性活動等，著重說明句子主語參加該項活動并在活動中發(fā)揮作用。Willyoujoinusinthediscussion?ShejoinedtheYoungPioneers.Whydidntyoujoininthetalklastnight?Did you take part in the sports meet?【小試牛刀】單項選擇。1. Have you _ a club?

12、Yes, Im in a swimming club and I often _ the swimming training. A. joined; take part inB. joined; join C. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in 2. Were going for a picnic. Would you like to_ us? Why not? Lets go! A. attendB. joinC. join inD. take part in 6. We cant afford to wait any longer

13、to take action! 我們不能再等了，要采取行動了。 afford是動詞，意為“買得起,擔負得起”，通常與can,could,beableto連用,多用于否定句中。Theycouldntafford$50foraticket. afford后面常跟帶to的動詞不定式。Wecantaffordtogoabroadthissummer. 【小試牛刀】單項選擇。Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _to. She has donated much of the money

14、 she saved to charities. A. affordB. allowC. remind D. pay7. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前門是由巖石和舊玻璃瓶子制成的?！颈嫖觥縝e made + 介詞be made of “某物由制造而成”（從制成品中可以看出原材料）bemadefrom“某物由制造而成”（從制成品中一般看不出或難以分辨出原材料）。bemadein“某物由某地制造”bemadeby“某物由某個人或集體制造而成”，其中介詞by用來強調動作

15、的執(zhí)行者。bemadeinto某種原料制成某物bemadeupof某物由組成或構成【小試牛刀】單項選擇。Books are made _ paper and paper is made _ wood.A. from, ofB. of, fromC. in, fromD. from, in8. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不僅藝術品能給

16、人們帶來快樂，而且冰冷堅硬的鋼鐵在藝術創(chuàng)作下也恢復了生命?！皀ot only but also ”是一個并列連詞詞組，其意思基本等于“both and ”。使用not only but also 時須注意的幾點： not only與but also后面所連接的詞的詞性必須對等：They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. not only只能連用，而but also既可連用，也可分開用：Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of ti

17、me. 謂語動詞的數(shù)應與but also后主語的數(shù)保持一致：Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in thiscollege. 不僅你，張老師也在此學院教書。 not only放在句首，后接句子時要用倒裝結構：Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 【小試牛刀】單項選擇。1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I _ good at drawing.A. is B. am

18、C. are D. was9. Which parts need to be improved? 哪些部分需要被改善？辨析：need to be done; need doing與need to do need doing=need to be done 需要被現(xiàn)在分詞doing表被動“需要被做”，相當于need to be done。 My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired. need后加不定式，證明need為實義動詞，而非情態(tài)動詞，這時need有人稱和數(shù)的變化。 He needs to get up early. 【

19、小試牛刀】單項選擇。Something is wrong with my car. It needs _. A. repairB. to repairC. repairingD. to be repair 10. What or who is causing these problems? 什么或誰將會導致這些問題？cause用作動詞，當“引起，造成，使得”講。一般指引起或造成不好的結果。 cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接間接賓語+直接賓語)為固定用法。He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much

20、 trouble to his parents. 【小試牛刀】改為同義句。It caused him lots of worries. It caused lots of worries _ him.專題復習【語法點撥】本單元復習現(xiàn)在進行時、used to句型、被動語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在完成時和情態(tài)動詞。現(xiàn)在進行時（1）含義：表示正在發(fā)生或進行的動作。（2）基本結構：主語 + be + 現(xiàn)在分詞（be 的形式隨主語的變化而變化）（3）基本用法：表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。特征：常常與now或具體的時間連用，有時句中會有感官動詞來提示，或通過上下文來暗示。表示現(xiàn)階段一直進行的動作。這類動詞常常是延續(xù)性動詞。常于

21、at present, this week, these days等連用。表示主語的特征、性格、能力等?，F(xiàn)在完成時（1）含義：表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在還有影響。（2）基本結構：主語 + have / has + 過去分詞（3）基本用法：表示過去發(fā)生的動作，但強調對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。特征：不能與表示具體的時間狀語連用。表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能繼續(xù)下去。常常與since, for, in the past + 時間名詞，in the last +時間名詞等時間狀語連用，而且謂語動詞要求是延續(xù)性動詞。表示一種“經(jīng)歷或體驗”，即可以表示經(jīng)歷過也可以是從來都沒有經(jīng)歷過。被動語態(tài)初

22、中階段我們學習了七種被動結構，歸納如下：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時是被動語態(tài)：am / is / are + 過去分詞（2）現(xiàn)在完成時的被動式： have / has + been + 過去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在進行時的被動式：am/ is/ are + being + 過去分詞（4）一般過去時的被動式：was / were + 過去分詞（5）過去進行時的被動式：was / were + being + 過去分詞（6）過去完成時的被動式：had + been + 過去分詞（7）一般將來時的被動式：will / be going to be+ 過去分詞（8）含有情態(tài)動詞的被動式：情態(tài)動詞+be +動詞的過去分詞。

23、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞表示說話人對某一動作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，如認為“可能”、“應當”、“必要”等。情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能單獨作謂語，也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。后面一般跟動詞原形。used to 結構used to意為“過去常常做某事”，指的是過去的習慣性動作，目的在于與現(xiàn)在形成對照。used to是個情態(tài)動詞，其中的to是不定式符號，后面跟動詞原形。在美式英語中。它的疑問式是：Did 主語use to do sth？否定式是：主語didnt use。在英式英語中，它的疑問式應當是：Used 主語to sth？否定式應當是used not to或use（d）nt to。He used to stay

24、 up late. 他過去常熬到很晚。【實戰(zhàn)演練】I. 用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. The old man used _ (be) a teacher. 2. We should _ (clean) the room every day. 3. Look! Tom _ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees _ (plant) on the hill every year. 5. He _ (live) here for 20 years. II. 單項選擇。1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate.

25、However, he _ yet. A. didnt arrive B. doesnt arrive C. isnt arriving D. hasnt arrived2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, _ as “Peoples Writer”.A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards3. Where is Tom? He _ in his room. A. is reading B. readsC. readD. was reading 4. May I

26、 go out now, Dad? No. You _ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. must5. Her son _ Coke, but now he _ milk.A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinksC. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking【寫作演練】話題導入本單元以“談論污染和環(huán)境保護”為話題，圍繞這一話題談論人們

27、在日常生活中應該如何保護環(huán)境。這也是單元測試和中考等試題中?？嫉脑掝}作文之一。【習作在線】【2013遼寧錦州】保護人類共同的家園地球是每個人的責任和義務。我們在生活中的點滴小事上也能做出自己的貢獻。根據(jù)表格內容，談一談曾經(jīng)為保護環(huán)境做過哪些努力，將來還打算如何去做。要求： 1. 詞數(shù)不少于50詞； 2. 開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)； 3. 意思連貫，條理清晰，適當發(fā)揮。turn off the lights when you leave a roomturn off the shower while washing hairstop using paper napkins take your o

28、wn bags when shoppingstop riding in carsride a bikerecycle books and paperIts our duty to protect the earth. I always turn off the lights when I leave a room. While I am washing my hair, I usually turn off the shower. Besides, if I want to shop, I always take my own bags instead of using plastic bag

29、s. I have decided to do more things to protect our earth, such as recycling books and paper and stopping riding in cars. 一 、 單項選擇 （15分）1. How do they deal with the dangerous building? -The building_ now.A. is building pulled down B. pulled downC. is being set up D. set up2.How do you think of the bo

30、ok? -It is suitable_ children to read because it is full of pictures and educational words. A. to B. at C. for D. with3. We can help to educate the public _ the environment.【4】A. about caring for B. of caring for C. about taking care D. of looking after4. Have you ever _ Jin Yong?-Of course, a very

31、famous writer, and he once studied in Quzhou. A. heard B. hearing C. heard of D. heard from5. How outing Rita is! -So she I, But she _ very shy. A. wasnt B. is C. used to be D. has become6. I _ an expensive gift for my birthday, but I could no _ it. A. accepted; received B. received; acceptC. accept

32、ed; receive D. accepted; received7. The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometers _.A. long B. tall C. wide D. high8. Were you at home 7 oclock last night?-Yes, I _ a shower at that time. A. took B. was taking C. was taken D. an taking 9. _ years ago, very large animals called dinosaurs _ in some a

33、reas of the world. A. Many million; have been living B. Million; had lived C. Several millions of; are alive D. Millions; had lived10. Your new sweater looks beautiful. Is it _ pure wool? -Yes, and its _ Inner Mongolia.A. made by; made in B. made of; made by C. made of; made in D. made from; made fr

34、om11. I am waiting for my mom. _ , Ill go shopping with her. A. If she doesnt come B. If she comes C. If she will come D. If she wont come12. Help yourself to more fish. -_. Ive had enough.【 】 A. All right B. It doesnt matter C. No, thanks D. The same to you13. Its raining, Daisy. Please _ an umbrel

35、la with you. -Thanks. Ill return it to you when I _ next week. A. take; come B. take; will come C. bring; come D. bring; will come 14. Dad, why should I stop _ computer games? -For your health, my boy, Im afraid you _. A. to play; must B. playing; have to C. to play; can D. playing; may15. Jim wants

36、 to take part in the torch relay (火炬接力) of the 2012 Olympic Games. -_.A. So I do B. So do I C. Neither do I D. Nor do I二、 完形填空 （10分）I like all kinds of chocolate, especially bitter chocolate. So when Mother had bought one, I couldnt help thinking about 1 .I was helping Father in the yard when sudden

37、ly I got an idea. I could cut a piece 2 that chocolate without anyone knowing it.I waited 3 Mother went outside feeding the chickens. Then I told Father I wanted to go for a drink of water. I went into the room and got the 4 down. Just when I had the knife ready to cut, I heard Mother coming. So I h

38、ad to put the chocolate 5 into my shirt,went to my mom and 6 the chocolate there. And then I went back to 7 Father.All the rest of the afternoon, I didnt dare to look at Father. Every time he spoke, it made me jump. My hands began shaking and my heart started 8 fast. I didnt want the chocolate any m

39、ore. I 9 wanted to get a chance to put it back.Have you ever had a similar 10 ?( ) 1. A. him B. her C. it D. this( ) 2. A. off B. into C. on D. along( ) 3. A. while B. after C. since D. until( ) 4. A. water B. chocolate C. chicken D. shirt( ) 5. A. silently B. easily C. slowly D. quickly( ) 6. A. hi

40、d B. ate C. held D. returned( ) 7. A. tell B. help C. find D. call( ) 8. A. falling B. breaking C. beating D. jumping( )9. A. still B. hardly C. just D. never( ) 10. A. experience B. excuse C. mistake D. moment三、 閱讀理解 （30分） AWhen the Audet family turns on the lights at Blue Farm, they are using elec

41、tricity that comes from cowscow manure (糞肥), to be specific. Cows produce a lot of wastes. One cow can create 30 gallons of wastes each day. Now imagine the output of over 1,000 cows at Blue Farm. Thats really a big amount.When farmers clean their barns, they put the wastes in a big heap, and spread

42、 some of them on their fields for fertilizer(肥料). But now places like Blue Spruce Farm have a new way of using cow wastes. They use them to produce electricity.1Heres how it works: A big machine moves back and forth cleaning the barn floor. “The cows arent bothered,” says Marie Audet. “They are anim

43、als of habit; they get used to it, and just lift one foot and then another to let it go by.” The machine pushes the manure into a big 600-gallon tank like a small swimming pool. The tank is called a digester (化糞池) because what happens there is just like what happens inside a cow: Bacteria(細菌) get to work and continue to digest the manure.Methane gas (甲烷、沼氣)in the atmosphere is known as a “gre