添加不同抗生素及其替代物對(duì)白肉雞生長(zhǎng)性能及腸道性狀之影響

1、添加不同抗生素及其替代物對(duì)白肉雞生長(zhǎng)性能及腸道性狀之影響Effect of Antibacterial Growth Promoters and Antibiotic-free Alternatives on Growth Performances and Intestinal Properties of Broilers研究生：蔡豐懋 Feng-Mao Tsai指導(dǎo)教授：謝豪晃 How-Hong Hsieh 余 祺 Chi Yu【摘要】本研究主要探討飼糧中添加不同抗生素及其替代物對(duì)肉雞生長(zhǎng)性能及腸道性狀之影響。試驗(yàn)一選用160隻一日齡愛(ài)拔益加肉雛雞，採(cǎi)4處理×2重複之試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，每欄

2、為20隻。4個(gè)處理組分別為：對(duì)照組（基礎(chǔ)飼糧）及基礎(chǔ)飼糧分別添加55 ppm羥四環(huán)黴素（oxytetracycline, OTC）、55 ppm枯草菌素（bacitracin）及2.5 ppm六肽黴素（nosiheptide, NHT）。試驗(yàn)二使用300隻一日齡愛(ài)拔益加肉雛雞，採(cǎi)6處理×2重複之試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)，每欄為25隻。6個(gè)處理組分別為：對(duì)照組（基礎(chǔ)飼糧）及基礎(chǔ)飼糧分別添加55 ppm羥四環(huán)黴素、55 ppm枯草菌素、2.5 ppm六肽黴素、0.2松樹(shù)素（poly-electrolyte oxygen detoxifier, POD）及0.2松樹(shù)素50 ppm枯草桿菌益生菌（B. su

3、btilis C-3102, 1×1010 CFU/g）。飼糧及飲水皆採(cǎi)任食。於21及42日齡，雞隻個(gè)別稱重，同時(shí)記錄每欄之飼料消耗量；每處理組逢機(jī)選取4隻雞犧牲後，採(cǎi)集腸道內(nèi)容物進(jìn)行腸球菌屬、大腸桿菌群與乳酸桿菌屬之檢測(cè)；並收集空腸進(jìn)行雙醣酶活性之檢測(cè)，及絨毛高度與腺窩深度之量測(cè)。試驗(yàn)一 u/g protein），添加OTC、bacitracin及NHT組顯著提高空腸內(nèi)麥芽醣酶之活性。在腸道組織型態(tài)方面，於42日齡之空腸絨毛高度與腺窩深度，以添加bacitracin組（1342.81 m）顯著高於對(duì)照組（1050.29 m），絨毛高度與腺窩深度比值則以添加NHT組為最高（P0.05

4、），另外在42日齡時(shí)，添加OTC、bacitracin及NHT組可增加迴腸絨毛高度及絨毛高度與腺窩深度之比值，腺窩深度則以添加OTC及bacitracin組顯著低於對(duì)照組。試驗(yàn)二結(jié)果顯示，於21日齡，以添加NHT組之體重、體增重及日增重，顯著優(yōu)於對(duì)照組，在42日齡，以添加POD組得到較佳之體重、體增重及日增重，飼料轉(zhuǎn)換率（F/G），各處理組均可較對(duì)照組改善1-2。在菌相方面，空腸內(nèi)腸球菌之?dāng)?shù)量，於42日齡時(shí)，各處理組均較對(duì)照組低，大腸桿菌群之?dāng)?shù)量以添加OTC及POD組最低。直腸內(nèi)腸球菌屬之?dāng)?shù)量，於42日齡時(shí)，以添加bacitracin和OTC組顯著較對(duì)照組降低（6.27、6.41 vs. 7.

5、65 Log cfu/g DM），以添加OTC組之大腸桿菌群之?dāng)?shù)量顯著最低。在腸道酵素方面，於42日齡時(shí)，飼糧中添加POD + B. subtilis C-3102、NHT及POD組雞隻空腸內(nèi)蔗醣酶之活性顯著高於對(duì)照組，麥芽醣酶之活性則以添加POD組顯著最高。綜合生長(zhǎng)性能與腸道性狀結(jié)果評(píng)估，飼糧中添加非抗生素生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑（松樹(shù)素及B. subtilis C-3102），對(duì)白肉雞有正面之效益，可得到與添加抗生素作為生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑有相似之效果，因此，具有可開(kāi)發(fā)成為非抗生素類生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)劑的潛力。關(guān)鍵字：白肉雞、抗生素、生長(zhǎng)性能、腸道性狀【Abstract】The objectives of this stu

6、dy were to understand the effects of antibiotics（oxytetracycline, bacitracin, nosiheptide）and antibiotic-free alternatives（POD, poly-electrolyte oxygen detoxifier and Bacillus subtilis C-3102）supplementation on growth performance, gut microflora, jejunal enzymes activity, and morphology of the jejun

7、al and ileal mucosa of broilers. In Exp.1, one hundard sixty day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 4 treatments × 2 replicates with 20 birds in each pen. The 4 treatments were: basal diet (control), and incorporated with 55 ppm oxytetracycline, 55 ppm bacitracin, and 2.5 ppm

8、nosiheptide. Exp. 2, three hundred day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly allotted into 6 treatments × 2 replicates with 25 birds in each pen. The 6 treatments were: basal diet (control), and incorporated with 55 ppm oxytetracycline, 55 ppm bacitracin, 2.5 ppm nosiheptide, 0.2 POD, and 0.2

9、POD50 ppm B. subtilis. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Birds were weighed individually at 21and 42 days of age, feed consumption, and mortality were recorded. Four birds were randomly selected from each treatment at 21 snd 42 days of age for gut microflora, jejunal enzyme activities, and mo

10、rphology of the ileal and jejunal mucosa test. The results in Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 showed that body weight, body weight gain, and average daily gain were improved by 6-9 and 3-8%, feed comsupation were increased by 1-6 and 2-6, feed conversion ratio were improved by 2-6 and 1-2% when antibiotics and an

11、tibiotic-free alternatives were incorporated into the diets, as compared to the control group. Mortality was not different among all treatment groups . Combination of the Exp. 1 and Exp. 2 results showed that the number of enteroccoci in the jejunum and rectum were significantly lowered at 42 days o

12、f age when oxytetracycline and bacitracin were supplemented, however in coliforms the oxytetracycline, bacitracin, POD adding groups had lower counts. The lactobacilli counts in the jejunum and rectum were higher when bacitracin, nosiheptide, POD and POD+ B. subtilis were supplemented in the diets a

13、s compared to the oxytetracycline group. The activities of sucrase and maltase in jejunum were higher in all treatment groups than in control group at 42 days of age. In Exp. 1, the results showed that the bacitracin and nosiheptide groups had higher jejunal villus height than control groups at 42 d

14、ays of age, while in Exp. 2, the POD group had significantly higher villus height than control groups at 42 days of age. In Exp. 1, oxytetracycline, nosiheptide and control groups had significantly lower crypt depth of jejumun than bacitracin group at 42 days of age, but in Exp. 2 the crypt depth of

15、 jejumun in bacitracin and POD+ B. subtilis groups were significantly lower than control group at 42 days of age. Ileal villus height were significantly higher in all treatment groups than control, besides nosiheptide group. The crypt depth in oxytetracycline and bacitracin groups wrer significantly

16、 lower than control groups at 42 days of age. Both of the jejunal and ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio were significantly higher in all groups than control at 42 days of age. Base on the results of growth performance and intestinal properties showed that the POD and POD+ B. subtilis groups appeared positive effects on br