初中英語時態(tài)講解練習

1、初中英語時態(tài)綜合講解訓練學習英語時態(tài)的意義：英漢兩種語言在時態(tài)表達方式上有很大的差異：如，“他經常幫助我?！薄八蛱鞄椭伊??！焙汀八恢痹趲椭摇！边@三句話當中，漢語的動詞“幫助”沒有任何變化，而是用“經?！薄ⅰ耙恢薄焙汀白蛱臁狈謩e表達出時間的區(qū)別。英語就不同，它必須用動詞本身的形態(tài)變化來完成任務。 He often helps me. 他經常幫助我。 He helped me yesterday. 他昨天幫助我了。 He has been helping me. 他一直在幫助我。在這幾句中，動詞help的意義沒有變化，但形態(tài)變了.我們初中英語需要掌握多少個時態(tài)呢？一 初中英語常見的八種時態(tài)

2、一般現(xiàn)在時謂語動詞用原形或第三人稱單數(shù) eg: He often goes to school by bike.一般過去時謂語用動詞的過去式 eg:Mary went to see her parents last week.一般將來時謂語用will/be going to +動詞原形 eg: I will go to the zoo next Sunday.現(xiàn)在進行時謂語用 am/is/are+現(xiàn)在分詞 eg:It is snowing now.現(xiàn)在完成時謂語用 have/has+過去分詞 eg:He has lived here for three years.過去進行時謂語用were/w

3、as+現(xiàn)在分詞 eg: I was playing volley-ball this time last Sunday.過去完成時謂語用had+過去分詞 eg:He said he had taught in the university since 1989.過去將來時謂語用would或was/were going to +動詞原形 eg:He said he would ring me up at six.1 一般現(xiàn)在時1） 經常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：often ,usually, always, every day/week, sometimes, at

4、, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。提醒：當?shù)谌朔Q單數(shù)作主語時，別忘了動詞的變化 He usually goes to school by bike.2） 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉動。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 3） 表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句

5、中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。 例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。 2 一般過去時1）在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday, yesterday morning/afternoon/evening, last week/month/year, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ 2）表示在過去一段時間內，經常性或習慣性的動作。例如： When I

6、 was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候，常在馬路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時，布朗一家無論什么時候去，都受到熱烈歡迎。 3） used to / be used to used to + do："過去常常"表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。例如： Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那么

7、健忘。 Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。 be used to + doing：對已感到習慣，或"習慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。例如： He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習慣于散步了。be used to do : “被用來做” 是被動語態(tài)例如：The wood is used to make paper.典型例題- Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. - It

8、's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應用過去時。3 一般將來時1)一般將來時表示在將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用時間狀語有：tomorrow, tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening, next week/month/year, soon, in a few days 等例如：Mr Wu will teach us this term.2）will +

9、動詞原形， 表示將來We wont leave before nine. 9點之前我們不會走。在疑問句中，當主語是第一人稱I 或We 時，常用shall.例如：What time shall we leave? 我們什么時候出發(fā)？3） be going to +不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。 c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事。例如：Look at the

10、 dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。 4） 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來，主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如： The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開？十分鐘后。 在時間或條件狀語從句中。經常在這些從句中表示主將從現(xiàn)的詞有

11、（when-, as soon as , if, until-等）例如： When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后，讓他等我。 I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。 If I find his phone number,I will tell you.He will wait until the rain stops.5） 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, r

12、eturn等現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來。例如： I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎？4.現(xiàn)在進行時1）現(xiàn)在進行時由“助動詞am /is /are +現(xiàn)在分詞”構成，表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。時間狀語為：now, look! listen! 現(xiàn)在的具體時間等。例如：I am reading a book now. 我正在讀書 He is watching TV at 9:00. 9點時他正在看電視。2）“連系動詞+介詞/副詞”也可表示正在進行的動作例如： He is at w

13、ork. 他在工作3）沒有進行時的動詞 表示“存在、位置”的動詞。如：be（是），lie（位于），stand（位于） She is a doctor. 她是名醫(yī)生。 The mountain lies in the middle of the country.這座山位于該國的中部。 The tower stands beside the river.這座塔位于河邊。 但是，lie, stand分別作“躺、站”解時，可用于現(xiàn)在進行時。如： The cat is lying under the table.貓?zhí)稍谧雷酉旅妗?He is standing against the door.他正靠門站

14、著。表示“所有”的動詞。如：have（有），own（擁有） I have a new car.我有一輛新車。 He owns a lot of houses.他擁有許多房子。 但是，當have作“吃、舉行”講時，可用于現(xiàn)在進行時。如： She is having lunch now.她現(xiàn)在正在吃午飯。 They are having a sports meeting.他們正在舉行運動會。表示感覺的動詞。如：see（看到），hear（聽到），smell（聞到），feel（摸起來）， taste（嘗起來），find（發(fā)現(xiàn)）等。 I see a snake lying in the grass.我看

15、到一條蛇躺在草叢里。表示心理活動和情感的動詞，如：know（知道），understand（理解），think（作為）， like（喜歡），love（愛），hate（恨），hope（希望），want（想要）等。 I think they are right.我認為他們是正確的。 I like music.我喜歡音樂。 但是，think作“想，考慮”解時，可用于進行時態(tài)。如： Im thinking about it now.我現(xiàn)在正在考慮這事。 Do you know what he is thinking about?你知道他在想什么嗎？ 5.過去進行時1）過去進行時由“was/were +現(xiàn)

16、在分詞”構成，表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。常用時間狀語：at that time, at six yesterday, at that moment, when he came in ,while-等。例如：They were having a class this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候他們正在上課。When he came in, I was reading a book. When 和while 的用法區(qū)別when用得最廣，?？纱鎤hile,與while從句比較，when從句中的動詞可以是延續(xù)性也可是非延續(xù)性的。而while從句中，動詞只能是延

17、續(xù)性動詞. 例如：When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping quietly. (只能用when) While I was doing my homework, the telephone rang. (when和while可以互換)當兩個表示時間延續(xù)的動作同時發(fā)生而有具有對比意味時，用while，在這樣的復合句中，主，從句的時態(tài)通常是相同的。 例如： Father was repairing a report while I was playing PC games. while更強調兩個動作同時進行。 要表達轉折“而，卻”

18、的意思時，也只用while. 例如： I like drinking tea with nothing in it while he loves it with sugar and milk.6 現(xiàn)在完成時 現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;(時間狀語：never, ever, yet, just, already, 等)例如：-Havent you finished your homework yet? 你還沒有完成你的家庭作業(yè)嗎？ -Yes, I have. Iv just finished it. 不， 我完成啦。我剛剛完成的。也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動

19、作或狀態(tài)。(常用時間狀語：before, recently, once, twice, for ,since yet等)其構成：have（has）+過去分詞。例如：How many letters have you written to your father? 比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1） 一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調的是影響。 2）一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。 一般過去時的時間狀語：yesterday, last week，ag

20、o, in1980, in October, just now等，皆為具體的時間狀語。 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不確定的時間狀語。 共同的時間狀語：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3) 現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, wor

21、k, study, know.。 一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （強調看的動作發(fā)生過了） I have seen this film. （強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內容已經知道了） Why did you get up so early? （強調起床的動作已發(fā)生過了） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （強調有卷子未交，疑為不公平競爭） He has been in the Leag

22、ue for three years. （在團內的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)） He has been a League member for three years. （是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)） 注意:句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。 （錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型 1）It is the first / second ti

23、me  that   結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。 This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2） This is +形容詞最高級+that結構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如： This is the best fil

24、m that I've （ever） seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 典型例題 （1） -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B.    This is the first time 后面所加從句應為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。 （2） -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I _ h

25、ere. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 答案D.  ever意為曾經或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。 注意： 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。 （錯）I have received his letter for a month. （對）I haven't received his letter for almost a month. 比較since和for Since 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明

26、動作延續(xù)時間長度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years.                我住在這兒二十多年了。 (延續(xù)) I have lived here since I was born.                

27、60;              我從出生起就住在這兒了。(開始時間) 注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。） I have worked here for many years.（現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。） 注意：用句型轉換的方法，很容易排除非延續(xù)動詞在有for/since結構的完成時中的誤用。     1）（對

28、） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.     2）（錯） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.     顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry go

29、t married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四種用法 1） since +過去一個時間點（如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980, last month, half past six）。例如： I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在這兒。 2） since +一段時間+ ago。例如： I have been here since five months ago. 我在這兒，已經有五個月了。 3） since +從句。例如： Great changes hav

30、e taken place since you left. 你走后，變化可大了。 Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我們走后，變化可大了。 4） It is +一段時間+ since從句。例如： It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有兩年了。 延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 1） 用于完成時的區(qū)別 延續(xù)動詞表示經驗、經歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。例如： He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項工作

31、。 （表結果） I've known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。（表經歷） 2） 用于till / until從句的差異 延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示"做直到" 瞬間動詞用于否定句， 表示"到，才"。例如： He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 點才回來。 He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10點。 典型例題 1. You don't need to describe her. I _ her several

32、times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B.  首先本題后句強調對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several times告知為反復發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 2. -I'm sorry to keep you waiting. -Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A.  等待的動作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應用現(xiàn)在完成時。 常見的終止性動詞要接一段時間

33、時，需做如下轉換：buy-have borrow-keep begin-be on close/open-be closed/open die-be dead finish-be over marry-be married go be offjoin-be in 或be +成員 put on- be in 或 wear leave-be away 例如：I have been in the army for three years.= I have been a soldier for three years. 我參軍三年啦。 have been to , have gone to , hav

34、e been in 三種結構的區(qū)別have been to “去過”表示“過去曾經去過某地”說話時已經從該地回來（已經回來） 例如：Have you been to China before? 你以前去過中國嗎？have gone to“去了” 表示“已去了某地”，說話時不再說話地點（還沒有回來）例如：-Where is Mr Li ？ -He has gone to London.have been in 表示“已在某地（呆了多久）”后為大地地點用in ,小地點用at.例如：Mary have been in Chine for 3 months. Mary 呆在中國3個月啦 LiLeis

35、aunt have been here for half a year.(后為副詞there, here, home等，不用介詞in 或at) 7過去完成時 1） 概念：表示過去的過去 其構成是had +過去分詞構成。2） 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如： She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。 b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。例如： When the police arrived, th

36、e thieves had run away. 警察到達時，小偷們早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的動詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本，未能"。例如： We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來，但是你沒有來。 3） 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。例如： He said that he had learne

37、d some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了，因為他到達晚會時，大部分客人已經走了。 典型例題 ：The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get

38、a book she _ in the office. A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前，因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點，表示在"同學們正忙于"這一背景下，when所引導的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。 注意： had hardly w

39、hen 還沒等 就。例如： I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門，他就打了我。 had no soonerthan 剛 就。例如： He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車，轉眼又賣了。 用一般過去時代替過去完成時 1） 兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。例如： When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起來。 My aunt gave me a h

40、at and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子，我把它丟了。 2 ） 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。例如： When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我聽到這個消息后，很興奮。3） 敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。例如： Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 老師告訴我們，哥倫比亞在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)美州。綜合練習.1 . My sister _ the Youth League last yea

41、r. She _ a Youth League member for about a year now. A. joinedhas become B. joinedhas been C. has joinedhas been D. did joinhad been.2. Neither of us _ a doctor. A. were B. am C. is D. are3. Mr Zhao doesnt like swimming, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. does he D. wont he .4. Ill talk to him when he _. A

42、. come B. will come C. comes D. came.5. They _ supper when we _ into the room. A. are havingwent B. were havinggo C. were havingwent D. are havinggo.6. Well go climbing if it _ tomorrow. A. wont rain B. did rain C. isnt rain D. doesnt rain.7. I dont know if it _ tomorrow. A. will rain B. rains C. ra

43、ined D. is rain.8. Nathan Hale _ he _ his life for his country. A. saidgive B. sayswill give C. saidgives D. saidwould give.9. Most people _ TV. A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watching.10.Father _ his cap and went out. A. put on B. puts on C. had put D. will put on.11.H

44、ow long _ your uncle _ in the army ? A. hasjoined B. hasbeen C. doesjoin D. hadjoined.12.Peter _ the work in a week. A. have finished B. finishes C. is finishing D. will finish.13.The students _ the History Museum if it _ fine tomorrow. A. will visit.is B. will visitwill be C. would visit was D. wou

45、ld visitwould be.14.Joan _ me whether I _ the book before. A. askedhad read B. askedshall read C. askedwould read D. askedhas read.15.By the end of last term, we _ Book Five. A. have learned B. would learn C. had learned D. were learning.16._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ? A. Wasgoin

46、g over B. Isgo over C. Hasgone over D. Willgo over.17.He cant go to the cinema with me because he _ a meeting. A. was having B. would have C. is having D. had.18.Both of the two dictionaries _ very useful. A. are B. is C. was D. am.19. He _ to me since last month. A. didnt write B. hadnt written C.

47、hasnt written D. wont write.20. Xu Ping _ to Japan only once. A. has gone B. had gone C. had been D. has been.21. Nobody _ the answer. A. have known B. knew C. didnt know D. are knowing.22._ you ever _ to Nanjing ? A. Havegone B. Havebeen C. Dogo D. Will go.23. He _ he _ something wrong before. A. s

48、ayswas B. say.have done C. saidhad done D. saidwould do.24. He _ me he _ an interesting book. A. tellwould borrow B. told will borrow C. tellwill borrow D. told had borrowed.25. Thomas Edison _ already _ a chemistry lab for himself by the time he _ ten. A. hasbuiltwas B. hadbuiltwas C. wouldbuildwas

49、 D. wasbuildingis.26. At the age of eleven, my grandfather _ to work in a factory. A. began B. has begun C. will begin D. begins.27. One day while I _ along the street, I _ someone calling. A. walkedwas hearing B. was walkinghas heard C. was walkinghad heard D. was walkingheard.28. Neither I nor he

50、_. A. can swims well B. are swimming well C. swims well D. have swum well.29. _ you _ where your sister has gone ? A. Did know B. Willknow C. Areknow D. Do know.30. Betty _ morning exercises yesterday. A. not did B. don't do C. didnt do D. wont do.31. The door of her room _ every day.A. are not

51、cleaned B. not are cleaned C. is not cleaned D. not is cleaned.32.No rubbish _ for three weeks. A. collected B. is collected C. has collected D. has been collected.33.By 1980 the bridge _. A. was completed B. had been completed C. has been completed D. have been completed.34.Another railway bridge _

52、 there now. A. is building B. is being built C. is built D. has been built.35. _ the water in the wet clothes _ vapor now ? A. Areturned into B. Isturned into C. Arebeing turned into D. Isbeing turned into.36. _ this film _ last week ? A. Didshow B. Hasbeen shown C. Wasshown D. Wasbe shown.37.He tol

53、d me that the composition _ by him. A. was not written B. not was written C. is not written D. not is written.38._ the play _ again next week ? A. Willput on B. Isput on C. Will beput on D. Willbe put on.39._ the exercises _ tomorrow ? A. Maybe handed in B. May behanded in C. May be handedin D. May handedin.40.She _ to a hospital at once. A. must send B. must be sent C. must to be sent D. had to send.41. Mike usually _ up at six in the mo