小學(xué)英語語法句子的種類

1、句子的種類一、按使用目的可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。類別例句用法陳述句肯定This is a bag. I like spring.描述一件事情或者說明說話人的看法陳述句否定I cant see a bag over there. I don't know.描述一件事情或者說明說話人的看法疑問句一般Are you a student? Does she get up early?Do you like swimming?Can you speak English?用于提出問題特殊when什么時(shí)間；who誰；whose誰的；where在哪里；which哪一個(gè)；why為什么；wh

2、at什么；what time什么時(shí)間；what colour什么顏色；what about怎么樣；what day星期幾；what date什么日期；what for為何目的；how怎樣；how old多大歲數(shù)；how many數(shù)量多少；how much多少錢；how about怎么樣；how far多遠(yuǎn)選擇Is your friend a boy or a girl?反意Its a fine day, isnt it?祁使句肯定Put it here.表示命令、建議或請(qǐng)求否定Dont look at the noticeboard.感嘆句How smart the scarf is! Wha

3、t a smart scarf!How hard he studies!表示驚訝、喜悅、贊美、厭惡或憤怒等強(qiáng)烈感情注意： 疑問句的回答(1)   一般疑問句用來詢問一件事或情況是否屬實(shí)。用yes 或 no 來回答。(2)   特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由特殊疑問詞加一般疑問句構(gòu)成，不能用yes來no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑問詞的提問。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或 Beijing.(3)   選擇疑問句提供兩種或兩種以上的選項(xiàng)供對(duì)方選擇，前面的選項(xiàng)之間用逗號(hào)分隔開來，后兩項(xiàng)之間用

4、or連接，回答時(shí)選擇一種。Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? Id like a banana。(4)   反意疑問句  由陳述句加一個(gè)簡短問句構(gòu)成，簡短問句對(duì)陳述句提出相反的疑問。如果陳述句部分是肯定，后面問句就用否定形式；陳述句部分是否定，簡短問句則用肯定形式。He likes music, doesnt he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜歡。 No,he doesnt. 不，他不喜歡。He doesnt like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜歡

5、。 No,he doesnt. 是的，他喜歡。即回答應(yīng)該按實(shí)際情況來回答，實(shí)際情況是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no. 小學(xué)英語一般疑問句，否定句以及對(duì)劃線部分提問的解題指導(dǎo)改為一般疑問句：先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，放在最前面，如沒有則判斷是否為過去式，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，句前加Did，其余照抄；不是則判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù)，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，句前加Does,其余照抄以上都不是，則句前加Do，其余照抄。改為否定句：方法和上面一樣，先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，再后加not，其余照抄如沒有則判斷是否為過去式，

6、是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，人后加didnt，其余照抄；不是則判斷是否為第三人稱單數(shù)，是則動(dòng)詞改為原形，人后加doesnt,其余照抄以上都不是，則人后加dont，其余照抄對(duì)劃線部分提問：    用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~代替劃線部分，將剩余部分改為一般疑問句（注：如劃線部分為主語，則用who代替，其余照抄；如劃線部分為動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語，則用do代替，句前加what，再改為一般疑問句）例如：He is running now.- He isnt running now.  -Is he running now? -Yes, he is. / No, he isnt.Th

7、ey are making a puppet.- They arent making a puppet. -Are they making a puppet? -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.I often watch TV in the evening.- I dont often watch TV in the evening.-Do you often watch TV in the evening?-Yes, I do. No, I dont.He plays football after school. - He doesnt p

8、lay football after school.Does he play football after school?-Yes, he does. No,he doesnt.We began class at 8 oclock yesterday.- We didnt begin class at 8 oclock yesterday.Did you begin class at 8 oclock yesterday? -Yes,we do. No, we dont.練一練：    1、填入適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡栐~。1) _wallet is it? Its m

9、ine. 2) _is the Christmas Day? Its on the 25th of December.3)_is the diary? Its under the chair.    4) _is the boy in blue? Hes Mike.5)_are the earphones? They are 25 yuan.    6)_is it today? Its Sunday.    7)_is this red one? Its beautiful

10、. 8)_is it from here? Its about 2 kilometres away.9)_is your cousin? Hes 15years old.    10)_do you have dinner? At 6 oclock.11) _one is fatter, the blue one or the red one? The blue one.2、對(duì)劃線部分提問。1) I can see eight rubbers in the box.     _can 

11、_see in the box?2) My father is fine today.                    _ your father today?3) Liu Tao is playing football in the playground.   _Liu Tao_ in the playground?4) My birthday is

12、 on the 9th of September.        _ your birthday?5) Id like a nice cake for breakfast.          _ like for breakfast?6) Thats Nancys skirt.           

13、         _ is that?3、按要求改寫句子。1) Its a book.（改為一般疑問句）           _2) My father is in the office.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）  _3) Do you watch TV every Sunday?（做肯定回答）       

14、60;  _4) This picture is beautiful.（改為以what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句）  What _picture!5) Open the door for him.（改為否定句）           _6) I have a big present.（對(duì)劃線部分提問）         _?7) There are some orange t

15、rees.（改為單數(shù)句子） _.8) we are going to see a Beijing opera.（對(duì)劃線部分提問） _ ?9) He has some questions.（改為一般疑問句）           _?10) They visited their relatives and friends last Spring Festival.（改為一般疑問句）    _they _their rel

16、atives and friends last Spring Festival?二、基本句型：1.主 + 謂語動(dòng)詞（S+V）如： I work. You study. They swim.2.主語 + 系動(dòng)詞 + 表語 （s +linkv +p） We are in the classroom. They look like twins.The food tastes delicious. Leaves turn green.3.主語 + 謂動(dòng) + 賓語（S+V+O） She studies English. They play football.4. 主語 + 謂動(dòng) + 賓語 +

17、補(bǔ)語（S+V+O+C） We should keep our class clean.5. 主語 + 謂動(dòng) + 間接賓語(人) +直接賓語（物）（S+V+IO+DO）My mother made me a new dress. The teacher gave us some books.三、按結(jié)構(gòu)分為簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。1.簡單句：只包括一個(gè)主語和謂語的句子。例如：He likes swimming. We are students.2并列句：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主語和謂語結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，句與句之間用并列連詞或分號(hào)來連接。如：The food was good, but he had litt

18、le appetite.(you must)Hurry up, or you will be late for school.3.復(fù)合句：包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子，從句有從屬連詞（when, while, before, after, as soon as , if, because, so, though, etc.）引導(dǎo).如：The film had begun When we got to the cinema.He didnt go to school because he was ill yesterday.練一練：連詞成句4. is，the，what，weather，to

19、day，like_5. you，me，please，could，help_6. are，what，they，colour_7. many，minutes，hour，there，how，are，in，an_8. him，give，please，water，a，of，bottle_9. to，I，put，the，ball，in，the，box，want_there/here be結(jié)構(gòu)1、there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某時(shí)、某地存在著什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was there were。如：There is a school near my home. Th

20、ere are many books in my school-bag. There was a river here.here be結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。2、與have、has、had的區(qū)別：（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）There be +名詞+某地 ；而have、has、had表示：某人擁有某物 某人+have/has/had +某物。I have five books.（2）在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are；如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞

21、決定“就近原則”。 There is a desk and many chairs. There are some children, a policeman and an old man. （3）there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。 如：There isnt a shop near my home. Are there some flowers in your bedroom.（4）針對(duì)數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is t

22、here + 介詞短語？ （5）針對(duì)主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： Whats +there+ 介詞短語？ （6）There be結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個(gè)主語后面。練一練：1、用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1) There         four seasons in a year.          2) There       

23、  not any trees two years ago.3) -         there a post office near your school? -Yes, there         .4) -How many stops         there? -There     

24、60;   only one.5) There         not any stamps on the envelope.      6)         there any birds in the tree?2、選用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。1) I 

25、        a good father and a good mother.        2)            a telescope on the desk. 3) He          a tape-recorder.  

26、              4)              a basketball in the playground. 5) They          a nice garden.     &#

27、160;            6) My father         a story-book last year. 7)             a reading-room in the building?      &#

28、160;      8) What does Mike         ? 9)             any books in the bookcase?     10) How many students         i

29、n the classroom? 11)                a story-book on the table a moment ago.      12) What do you             ?some，any的用法some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和

30、一般疑問句。請(qǐng)注意看例句后擴(kuò)號(hào)說明的用法。例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句）   There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）There arent any lamps in the study.（否定句） Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑問句）Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑問句）練一練：選用some或any填空。1) There isnt         milk in the fridge.    2) I can see        cars,