主謂一致--語法一致原則(共3頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上主謂一致 教案一、語法一致原則Reading books in bed is a bad habit. on the desk are two books .二）意義一致原則 有時(shí)，主語和謂語動(dòng)詞的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義，而不是語法上的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，這樣的一致關(guān)系就是意義一致。例如： My family watch TV after supper. The united states is a developed country. this pair of trousers costs fifty dollars. 三）就近原則 有時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式

2、決定于最靠近它的詞語。 例如： either my grandsons or their father is coming. There is some bread and some cakes on the table.二、以集合名詞做主語的主謂一致問題 有些集合名詞，class,crew,crowd,family,audience,government,group,mob,staff,team, union committee, 這類名詞作主語的主謂一致問題往往遵循 “意義一致”原則。例如： the present government is trying to control infla

3、tion. the school staff are expected to supervise school meals. （一）通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞 包括police, people, cattle, militia, vermin等，這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： （二）通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞 包括baggage, luggage, jewellery, poultry，machinery, equipment, furniture, clothing, merchandise等 all the machinery in the factory is made in china.

4、 四、以-s結(jié)尾的名詞作主語的主謂一致問題 （一）以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 如：arthritis,（關(guān)節(jié)炎）bronchitis,（肺炎）measles（麻疹） diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,這類以-s結(jié)尾的疾病名稱作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用作單數(shù)。 例如： measles usually occurs in children. （三）以-s結(jié)尾的地理名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 如the united states，the netherlands，因其是單一政治實(shí)體，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用作單數(shù)。 例如： 但如果是群島、山脈、海峽、瀑布等地理名稱作主語

5、，謂語動(dòng)詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： the himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant. the niagara falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world. （四）以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語的主謂一致問題 某些以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱作主語時(shí)，如physics, mathematics, mechanics, politics statistics, economics, physics is a fundamental subject in science. the th

6、ird world economics is promising. （五）其它以-s結(jié)尾的名詞的主謂一致問題 3) 表示成雙成套的名詞，如：chopsticks (筷子), compasses, clothes, glasses, jeans, scissors, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves, shorts等，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但如與a kind of, a pair of, that pair of, a series of 連用，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如： two pairs of scissors are missing from

7、 my tool box. the contents of the book are most amusing. 五、如果句子的主語是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，其主謂一致問題通常遵循以下原則： （一）由and/both.and連接的并列主語的主謂一致問題 由and/both.and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，可根據(jù)主語的意義決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式。 例如： Butter and bread iron and steel war and peace fish and chips 當(dāng)and連接的并列名詞詞組帶有each，every, no, many a 等限定詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。 例如： （二）由or/no

8、r/either.or連接的并列主語的主謂一致問題 由or, nor, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 （三）主語 + 介詞 當(dāng)主語后面跟有由 rather than , instead of ,more than, as well as, ,with, along with, together with, except, besides, but, in addition to , apart from ,including, concerning 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)， 六、以表示數(shù)量概念的名詞詞組作主語的主謂一致問題 當(dāng)

9、主語為表示確定數(shù)量的名詞詞組時(shí)，如果數(shù)量概念被看做一個(gè)整體，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如果被看做組成該數(shù)量的個(gè)體，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： three weeks have passed ,but two weeks are still left there were six silver dollars in each of the stockings. 如果作主語的名詞詞組是由“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of”詞組構(gòu)成，all of, some of, half of, most of,其動(dòng)詞形式 取決于of詞組中名詞的類別。 例two-thirds of the people present is against

10、the plan. All of the work has been done兩數(shù)相減或相除，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩數(shù)相加或相乘，謂語動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)。 例如： sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three. forty-two divided by six is seven. six andplus eight makes/make fourteen. six times eight is/are forty-eight. 如果主語由one in/one out of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 構(gòu)成，在正式語體中，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 例如： one in ten stu

11、dents has passed the examination. one out of twelve bottles was left intact. 如果主語由One or two days 、 one day or two / one and a half days / one /a day and a half day One and a half apples_(leave) on the table.如果主語是由“many a +/more than one +名詞 用單數(shù)。 例如： many a man has his own responsibility. more than

12、one ship was lost this year. 同位語原則Each of the students _ (take) an active part in the English contest.we each _ (take) an active part in the English contest.4）the+adj. 表示一類人 或物做主語時(shí)如 the+blind, deaf,living,dead,wounded,poor,rich old, young等5) the+姓的復(fù)數(shù)形式表一家人The Greens were watching TV when a fire brok

13、e out3)主語從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞 形式作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 Looking after the children is my full time job. To die for the people is a worthy death.9）由some, any, no, every + one/thing/body 所構(gòu)成的不定代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)Nobody wants to go there.Something has been done to end the strike.2）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致的原則。作單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，反之謂語動(dòng)詞用

14、復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, fish, deer, means(方法), species(種類),works(工廠),10)倒裝句中，必須認(rèn)準(zhǔn)哪是主語。如：1)Between the two buildings_ (stand) a monument.2)On the ship (be) over 2,200 people. 3)More than 1,500 people lost their lives. Among those (be) the young woman.12).all 做主語表示人時(shí)，謂動(dòng)用復(fù)數(shù)；若表物，謂動(dòng)則用單數(shù)。13 One or two + n (p) +V(p) a + n (s) + or two + V (s) 一兩個(gè) One or two students were late for class. One student or two was late for class.15) One and a half + n (p) + V (s ) a + n (s) and a half + V (s) 一個(gè)半16. one of the students , the only/very one of the students.17. a number of + n（復(fù)數(shù)） the number of + n（復(fù)數(shù)） 18. a lar