常用化學(xué)中英文名詞對(duì)照表

1、常見(jiàn)元素Al鋁aluminumAg銀silverAr氬argonAu金goldB硼boronBa鋇bariumBe鈹berylliumBr溴bromineC碳carbonCa鈣calciumCl氯chlorineCo鈷cobaltCr鉻chromiumCu銅copperF氟fluorineFe鐵ironGa鎵galliumGe鍺germaniumH氫hudrogenHe氦heliumHg汞mercuryI碘iodineK鉀potassiumKr氪kryptonLi鋰lithiumMg鎂magnesiumMn錳manganeseN氮nitrogenNa鈉sodiumO氧oxygenP磷phosp

2、horusPt鉑platinumRa鐳radiumRn氡radonS硫sulfurSc鈧scandiumSe硒seleniumSi硅siliconSn錫tinSr鍶strontiumTi鈦titaniumU鈾uraniumV釩vanadiumW鎢tungstenXe氙xennonZn鋅zinc 基本概念、基本理論還原劑reducing agent氧化劑oxidizing agent電解質(zhì)electrolyte離子反應(yīng)ionic reaction強(qiáng)電解質(zhì)strong electrolyte弱電解質(zhì)weak electrolyte離子方程式ionic equation放熱反應(yīng)exothe

3、rmic reaction焰色反應(yīng)flame test物質(zhì)的量amount of substance摩爾mole相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量relative molecular mass相對(duì)原子質(zhì)量relative atomic mass摩爾質(zhì)量molar mass氣體摩爾體積molar volume of gas物質(zhì)的量濃度amount-of-substance concentration of B可逆反應(yīng)reversible reaction核電荷數(shù)nuclear charge number電子云electron cloud原子序數(shù)atomic number兩性氫氧化物amphoteric hydroxi

4、de兩性氧化物amphoteric oxide元素周期律periodic law of elements元素周期表periodic table of elements周期period族group（主族：main group）核素nuclide同位素isotope離子鍵ionic bond共價(jià)鍵covalent bond化學(xué)鍵chemical bond非極性分子non-polar molecule非極性鍵non-polar bond極性分子polar molecule極性鍵polar bond同素異形體allotrope化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率chemical reaction rate化學(xué)平衡chemic

5、al equilibrium勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle電離平衡ionization equilibrium鹽類(lèi)的水解hydrolysis of salts酸堿中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration指示劑Indicator超導(dǎo)材料superconductive material原電池primary battery化學(xué)電源chemical power source干電池dry cell鋰電池lithium cell鉛蓄電池lead storage battery燃料電池fuel cell電化學(xué)腐蝕electrochem

6、ical corrosion             元素化合物硫酸鈉sodium sulphide堿金屬alkali metal碳酸鈉sodium carbonate碳酸氫鈉sodium bicarbonate二氧化錳manganese dioxide氯化鉀potassium chloride氯化氫hydrogen chloride氯水chlorine water硝酸銀silver nitrate次氯酸鉀potassium hypochlorite氫氟酸hydro

7、gen chloride淀粉碘化鉀試紙starch potassium iodide paper碘化鉀potassium iodide四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride溴化鈉sodium bromide氯化鋁aluminium chloride氫氧化鋁aluminium hydroxide氧化鋁aluminium oxide臭氧ozone過(guò)氧化氫hydrogen peroxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxide氯化鋇barium chloride品紅magenta或fuchsine硝酸鋇barium nitrate二氧化硅silicon dioxide碘化鈉sodium i

8、odide溴水bromine water氯化鎂magnesium chloride氮族元素nitrogen group element二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide氨ammonia銨鹽ammonium salt氯化銨ammonium chloride碳酸氫銨ammonium bicarbonate堿石灰soda lime硫氰化鉀potassium thiocyanate醋酸鈉sodium acetate氯化鐵iron (III) chloride氧化鐵iron (III) oxide有機(jī)化學(xué) 烴hydrocarbon有機(jī)化合物organic compound甲烷methane結(jié)構(gòu)式s

9、tructural formula取代反應(yīng)substitution reaction飽和鏈烴saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon同系物homo1og烷烴alkane同分異構(gòu)體isomer烴基hydrocarbonyl不飽和烴unsaturated hydrocarbon乙烯ethene加成反應(yīng)addition reaction溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴水bromine water高分子化合物polymer加聚反應(yīng)addition polymerization聚合反應(yīng)po1ymerizatio

10、n烯烴alkene乙炔ethyne炔烴alkyne苯benzene芳香烴arene磺化反應(yīng)sulfonation reaction硝化反應(yīng)nitratlon reaction石油Petroleum分餾fractional distillation裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis煤coal干餾dry distillation烴的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon官能團(tuán)functional group乙醇ethanol醇alcohol消去反應(yīng)elimination reaction酚phenol甘油glycerol乙醛ethana1銀鏡反應(yīng)silver mirror

11、 reaction醛aldehyde乙酸ethanoic acid水解反應(yīng)hydrolysis reaction乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate酯ester酯化反應(yīng)esterification羧酸carboxylic acid葡萄糖glucose糖類(lèi)carbohydrate蔗糖sucrose麥芽糖maltose淀粉starch纖維素cellulose油脂oils and fats硬脂酸stearic acid肥皂soap皂化反應(yīng)saponification洗滌劑detergent蛋白質(zhì)protein氨基酸amino acid鹽析salting-out變性denaturation酶enzyme合成材料synthetic material塑料plastic