直接引語和間接引語講解與練習(xí)

1、Unitl語法核心突破：直接引語變間接引語定義：我們轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話時(shí)，可以引用別人的原話，被引用的部分稱為直接引語；用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。這兩種引語都是賓語從句，但是直接引語放在引號內(nèi)，不用連詞聯(lián)接；間接引語不用引號，通常用 連接詞與主句聯(lián)接一、直接引語變間接引語時(shí)句式的變化1. |陳述句變?yōu)橐?that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句例： He said,“ rm very glad.”f He said he was very glad.2. 一般疑問句變?yōu)?if (whether)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。例： He said,“ Can you come this after noon, Joh n?

2、”f He asked Joh n could come that after noon.3. 特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛?who, what, when , why, where 等特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句例： He said,“Where is Mr. Wang? ”f He asked where Mr. Wang was.Tom says to me, what food do you like best .”f Tom asks me food I like best4. 祈使句變間接引語時(shí)，要變成ask/ tell/order sb (not) to do sth。Our pare nts

3、told us“Learn En glish我們的父母告訴我們：把英語學(xué)好??！ ”O(jiān)ur parents told us English well.我們的父母告訴我嗎要把英語學(xué)好。The teacher said to me, “ Don' t read that novel!”The teacher asked/ told me that no vel.Our pare nts told us,“ Never do w母告訴我們：不要做錯(cuò)事！ ”O(jiān)ur pare nts told us never to do wrong.我們的父母告訴我們不要做錯(cuò)事。人稱的變化點(diǎn)撥】 人稱的變化一般

4、遵循 一同主，二隨賓，三不變 ”這一原則例如： “went to the Great Wall yesterday, Li Hua said.f Li Hua said that he had gone to the Great Wall the day before.“'come to help you whenever you need my help, heinsweredher.f He an swered her thatne would come to help her whe never she n eeded his help.She said tome, Your p

5、ronunciation is better than his.”f She told me thatmy pronun ciatio n was better tha n his.三、時(shí)態(tài)變化主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)， 從句的謂語動詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要做相應(yīng)的變化，總的原則是向過去推一個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)的變化例句般現(xiàn)在時(shí)f一般過去時(shí)She said,“1 n eed a calculator.”f She said that she n eeded a calculator.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)f過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Jim said,“1 ' m expecting a long distanee call.f J

6、im said that he was expect ing a long dista nee call.般將來時(shí)f過去將來時(shí)Nancy said, “I ' ll call again later.”f Nancy said that she would call aga in later.一般過去時(shí)f過去完成時(shí)He said, “ I took it home with me.”f He said that he had taken it home with him.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)f過去完成時(shí)Paul said,“ Our team has won the match. ”f Paul

7、 said that their team had won the match.過去完成時(shí)f過去完成時(shí)He sad, “1 had fini shed my homework before supper. f He said that he had fini shed his homework before supper.四、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和動詞的變化變化形式例句指示this f thatShe said,“ She is coming this week.”f She said that she was coming that week.代詞these f thoseHe sa

8、id,“ These books are mine. ”f He said those books were his.nowf the nHe said,“It ' s ten o ' clock now. ”f He said that it was ten o' clock then.時(shí)today f that dayHe said,“1 haven ' t seen her today.”f He said that he hadn' t seen day .that間tonight f that nightShe said,“1 ' II

9、 come again tonight.”f She said that she would go aga in that ni ght.狀yesterday f the day beforeHe said,“ This happe ned yesterday.”f He said thatthis had happe ned the day before.Threedays ago f three days befoShe said,“1 arrived two days ago.”ref She said that she had arrived two days before.語tomo

10、rrow f the next dayShe said, 1” “ be back tomorrow.”the followi ng dayf She said that he would be back the n ext day.next week f the next weekShe said,“1 ' ll do it next week.”f She said that she would do it the n ext week.地占狀here f thereShe said, I came here to see Tom. ” f She said that he had

11、 gone there to see Tom.語動詞come/bring f go/takeHe said,“1 brought it home with me.”f He said he had taken it hme with him.【拓展延伸】直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不作改變的情況 主句的謂語動詞為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)無需變化例如:He says, “I ' m tired. ”f He says that he is tired.He will say, “ The boy was lazy. ”f He will tell you that the boy was

12、 lazy. 當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理時(shí)，不受時(shí)間的限制，因此不需要變化時(shí)態(tài)Our geography teacher said to us,“ The earth goes round the sun. ”f Our geography teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun. 直接引語是一般過去時(shí)，并且和具體的過去時(shí)間連用，時(shí)態(tài)不作改變She said, “I was iyp!995. ”f She said that she was born in 1995.【典型例題】(1) Can you tell me?A. what the

13、 matter is B. what matter it isC. what ' s the matter D. the matter is what(2) The physics teacher said the eartharound the sun.A. is movingB. movedC. had movedD. moves【語法專練】1. Mother asked the youn gest kidwith his car.A. what the matterB. What was the matterC. what the matter isD. what is the

14、matter2. The tourist asked the guide what hevisit the n ext day.A. was going toB. willC. is going inD. is to3. The teacher told us that light_ _faster tha n sound.A. traveledB. had traveled C. is travelingD.travels4. Tom hanks told his teacher that heborn in 1968.A. wasB. had bee n C. isD. has bee n

15、5. Linda asked Amy_ she could tell her the general ideas of the poem.A. thatB. whether C. whatD. how6. My brother said to me,“I ' m going to have a holiday next week.”My brothergoing to have a holiday the n ext week.7. Mother said to me,“ What are you doing in the room? ”Mother asked mein the ro

16、om.8. He asked,“ Can I borrow your bike? ”He askedborrow my bike9. Tom said to me, “ Do you like football? ”Tom asked mefootball1O.She said to me, “I went over my less ons last ni ght.”She told meover her less ons the ni ght before.附：Unit I短語歸納1. 做個(gè)好朋友 to be a good friend2. 做下列調(diào)查 make the followi ng

17、 survey3. 合計(jì)總分 add up the score4. 得分 get points5. 心煩意亂地來到學(xué)校 come to school upset6. 不理睬鈴聲ignore the bell7. 使你那個(gè)德國朋友平靜下來calm dow n your Germa n friend8. 關(guān)心你朋友 be concerned about your friend(s)9. 松開了 get loose10. 不得不去戶外遛狗 have got to walk the dog outdoors11. 幫他期末考試作弊 help him cheat in the en d-of-term

18、exam12. 歹U出理由 make a list of reasons / list the reasons13. 記下一連串的請求 set dow n a series of requests14. 根據(jù)問卷調(diào)查 accordi ng to the questi onn aire15. 根據(jù)編輯的忠告 according to the editor ' s advice16. 為了分擔(dān)你的困難 in order to share your difficulties / troubles17. 與老板相愛 fall in love with the boss18. 與我的同桌相處融洽

19、 get alo ng / on well with my deskmate19. 關(guān)心青少年 be concerned about teenagers20. 為了和老板面對面地交流 in order to com muni cate with the boss face to face21. 信任政府 trust / believe in the government22. 經(jīng)歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭 go through too many wars23. 相鄰的城鎮(zhèn) neighboring towns24. 相鄰的國家 neighboring countries直接引語變間接引語練習(xí)題一、將所給直接

20、引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，每空一詞：1. “I never eat meat. ” he said.He said thatn evermeat.2. “I ' ve found my wallet. ” he said to me.Heme that hewallet.3. “I took it home with me. ” she said.She said thatit home with her.4. The teacher said,“ The sun rises in the east and goes dow n in the west.The teacher said tha

21、t the sunin the east anddow n in the west.5. “I met her yesterday. ” he said to me.Heme that hemet the day.6. “ You must come here before five. ” he said.He said that Ito gobefore five.7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said.He said that hebought the house 10 years.8. “ Did you see her last we

22、ek? ” he said.HeI had see n her the week.9. He said, “ You can sit here, Jim.”HeJim that hesit there.10. He asked, “ How did you find it, mother?”He asked her motherfound it.11. “Where have you been these days? ” he asked.He asked mebee ndays.12. “ Do you know where she lives? ” he asked.He askedkne

23、w where she.13. “ Stop making so much no ise, childre n.” he said.Hethe childre nmaki ng so much no ise.14. “ Don' t tell him the news. ” she said.She told mehim the n ews.15. “I am hav ing supper,” he said.He said thathav ing supper.16. “I ' ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gi name that s

24、hethe film.17. “I went home with my sister, ” she said.She said thathome with her sister.18. “ Keep quiet, children. ” he said.Hethe childre nquiet.20.“ Don' t look out of the window,” she said.She told meout of the wi ndow.家庭作業(yè)1. “I am having supper,” he said.He said thathav ing supper.2. “I ' ve seen the film,” Gina said to me.Gi name that shethe film.3. “I went home with my sister, ” she said.She said thathome with her sister.4. The teacher said,“ The sun is bigger tha n the moon.”The teacher said that the sunbigger tha n