七年級英語語法專項(xiàng)(二)人教版(新目標(biāo))知識精講

1、初一英語語法專項(xiàng)（二）人教版（新目標(biāo)）【本講教育信息】一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：語法專項(xiàng)（二）二. 教學(xué)過程：（一）詞類根據(jù)詞的意義、句法作用和形式特征將詞分為若干類，叫詞類。英語中通常將詞分為十類。1. 名詞 表示人或事物名稱的詞 teacher, book , pen 主，表，補(bǔ)，定，同2. 代詞 代替名詞、形容詞或數(shù)詞等 we, my, some, this 主，表，賓，定，同3. 數(shù)詞 表示數(shù)目或順序 two, first, fifth 主，表，賓，定，同4. 動詞 表示動詞或狀態(tài) be, take, look 謂語 動詞to work, working, worked 主，表，賓，補(bǔ)，定，狀5.

2、 形容詞 修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)和特征 good, big, nice, beautiful 表，補(bǔ)，定，同6. 副詞 表示動作特征或形狀特征 修飾動詞形容詞或其他副詞 fast, nearly, happily, here表，狀7. 冠詞 用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物 a , an, the 8. 介詞 表示名詞或代詞與其他詞的關(guān)系 in, on, under 9. 連詞 連接詞與詞，短語和短語，句子和句子 and, if, but, or 10. 感嘆詞 表示說話時(shí)的感情或語氣 oh, hello, hi （二）名詞所有格1. 名詞在句子中表示所有關(guān)系，所屬關(guān)系常用名詞所有格

3、。兩種形式：（1）名詞詞尾加s，主要用于有生命的名詞 Toms mother the teachers desk（2）of+名詞，主要用于無生命的名詞。the wall of the classroom 2. s屬格的構(gòu)成方法：（1）單數(shù)名詞在末尾加 s the boys backpack the womans computer（2）以s或es 結(jié)尾的名詞只在詞尾加 “”the boys backpacks my boss office （3）復(fù)數(shù)名詞后一般只加 不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加sthe girls books the childrens soccers（4）表示幾個(gè)名詞各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，名

4、詞末尾都加 Toms and Jacks books Lucys and Lilys rooms（5）表示幾個(gè)名詞共有的，應(yīng)在最后一個(gè)詞后加sTom and Jacks mother Lucy and Lilys room （6）表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、國家、城市等無生命的名詞后也可以加s表示其所有關(guān)系 an hours walk the citys parks （7）在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。 my uncles (house) the doctors（office）3. 雙重所有格 （1）雙重所有格即“of + 名詞s&

5、#160;所有格”，表示整體中的一個(gè)或部分。用于修飾of前的名詞，此時(shí)of前面的名詞一定要有一個(gè)a(an)，two，any，some，no，few，another或this，that，these，those之類的修飾語（這個(gè)修飾語一般不能是one和the）。雙重所有格也可由“of+名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成，如：a friend of mine  Do you know any friends of my brothers? Two classmates of my

6、60;sisters will come to join us（2）在雙重所有格中，用作介詞補(bǔ)足成分的所有格的名詞必須是確定特指的，而且一般指人。 an old friend of my fathers this baby of my aunts4. 在表示名詞所有格時(shí)，s結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換成of結(jié)構(gòu)。the girls name the name of the girlmy fathers friend the friend of my fathers練一練1

7、. This is my dress. That one is _.A. MaryB. MarysC. sisterD. mother2. The woman over there is _ mother. A. Julia and Sallys B. Julias and Sallys C. Julia and Sally D. Julias and Sally3. Excuse me, where

8、60;are _ offices? Over there.A. teachers  B. teachers C. the teachers  D. the teachers（三）代詞1. 人稱代詞人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hesheithimherittheythem2. 物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱形容詞性物主代詞myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性物主代詞mi

9、neyourshishersitsoursyourtheirs形容詞性的物主代詞只能作定語，名詞性的物主代詞可作主語，賓語或表語 其后不加名詞。This is my book. Yours is on the chair. 這是我的書，你的在椅子上。Our classroom is big. Theirs is small. 我們的教室很大，他們的很小。練一練 填上或選擇適當(dāng)?shù)拇~1. Thank you very much for _ help. 2. Mr. White is a good teacher. We must learn from _.3. “Are these books

10、yours?” “No, _ are not _. They are Toms.”4. _ (He, Her, His ) name is Jack. _ (She, He, His) is a teacher.5. _ (I, My, Mine ) aunt is a nurse. _ (She, He, Her) works very hard.6. My pen is red. How about _( her, hers, she)?（四）句子成分：英語句子成分分為七種：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語。 1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物，回答是“誰”或者“什么”。通常用名

11、詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：Im Miss Green.2、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài)，回答“做（什么）”。主要由動詞擔(dān)任。 如：Jack cleans the room every day. 3、表語在系動詞之后，說明主語的身份或特征，回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。如：My name is Ping Ping .4、賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結(jié)果，回答做的是“什么”。通常由名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如：He can spell the word.有些及物動詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語，一個(gè)指物，一個(gè)指人。指物的叫直接賓語，指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如：He wrote m

12、e a letter . 有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構(gòu)成短語，放在直接賓語后面，來強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語。如：He wrote a letter to me . 5、定語修飾名詞或代詞，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如： Shanghai is a big city . 6、狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：He works hard. （他工作努力。） 7、賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么，通常由形容詞或動詞充當(dāng)如：They usually keep their classroom clean He often helps me do my lessons.（五）t

13、here be 句型“there be +名詞詞組”中，there為虛詞，be后面的名詞詞組為句子的真正主語。該句式在使用時(shí)需注意如下幾點(diǎn)：1、there be句式表示“有”時(shí)，它表示一種存在關(guān)系，通常帶有一個(gè)地點(diǎn)狀語，意為“什么地方（時(shí)候）有”。此外，其主語還可以帶前置或后置定語。例如：There is a blackboard in the classroom. There are two old women waiting for you at the gate. 2、在正式文體中，該句式中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于以下兩種情況：（1）該句式中只有一個(gè)主語，主語為單數(shù)時(shí)，be動詞用單數(shù)；

14、主語若為復(fù)數(shù)，be動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)。（2）該句式中有幾個(gè)并列主語，則按就近原則處理，即與靠近be動詞的第一個(gè)主語保持一致。例如：1) There is a pen on the desk.2) There are three apples on the table.3) There is a dictionary and two pens on the desk. 4) There are two pens and a dictionary on the desk.3. there be句型與have的區(qū)別：there be 句型和have都表示“有”的含義。區(qū)別如下：there be表示“某處存

15、在某物或某人”；have表示“某人擁有某物/某人”，它表示所有、擁有關(guān)系。e.g. He has two sons. 他有兩個(gè)兒子。 There are two men in the office. 辦公室里有兩個(gè)男人。【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：45分鐘）一、根據(jù)括號中的要求，寫出下列單詞的相應(yīng)形式。1. we（賓格）_2. boy（復(fù)數(shù)形式）_3. class(復(fù)數(shù))_ 4. white（反義詞）_5. watches(單數(shù))_ 6. I（形容詞性物主代詞）_7. these（單數(shù)）_ 8. they（賓格）_9. yes（反義詞）_ 10. that（復(fù)數(shù)形式）_11. let us (縮寫

16、形式)_ 12. doesnt(完全形式)_13. have(第三人稱單數(shù))_ 二、用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Lets _ (bring) the books to your sister.2. She _(not have) a computer.3. Does Gina _ (have) a football?4. I can _(play) football.5. Where _(be) your parents?6. Sorry, I _ (not know).7. They are my _ (grandparent).8. Lucy has some nice _(watch).

17、9. I eat lots of _(broccoli)for lunch.10. _ (thank) for your help.三、單項(xiàng)選擇1. Lets play volleyball!I dont like to play volleyball. That sounds _.A. funB. interestingC. boringD. good2. Lets go to play football._! A. Yes, please B. Great C. Thats all right D. Thank you3. _ the balls?Theyre under the chai

18、r.A. Wheres B. Where C. Where are D. What are4. Whats your name, please?My name is _.A. Han meimeiB. Wang Xiao YaC. Green JimD. Li Yunde5. How is your teacher today?_A. Im fine, thank you. B. She is fine, thanks. C. He is good, thanks. D. They are fine, thank you.6. _ is your skirt?Its black.A. What

19、 B. How C. Which color D. What color7. This is _ pen.A. my a B. the my C. a my D my8. There is _ “m” in the word “map”.A. an B. a C. the D. /9. Linda Brown is my good friend. Her father is _.A. Johnson Brown B. Johnson Smith C. Brown Johnson D. Smith Johnson10. You and I _ students in this school.A.

20、 are B. is C. am D. be11. Is this _ dictionary?No, _ isnt _ dictionary.A. his; it; me B. your; it; my C. your; this; my D. my; it; my12. Lucy _ computer games.A. dont like B. isnt like C. doesnt like D. not like13. Do you have _ basketball? Lets play _ basketball after school.A. an; a B. a; a C. /;

21、/ D. a; /14. We can see some apples _ that tree and a nice bird _ that tree.A. on; in B. in; on C. in; in D. on; on;15. Miss Gao, _ are my father and my mother.A. these B. this C. those D. that四、完形填空This is 1 bedroom. Can you see a bed, two 2 , a chair and a kite on the floor? 3 you see a map on the

22、 wall? You can see some 4 and a kite on it. You can see a window 5 wall, too. Wheres 6 light? It is on 7 table. Some books are on this table, 8 . Where 9 the flowers? They are on the other table. You can see a clock 10 it . Under the bed is his football. Its a very nice bedroom.1. A. Tom B. of Tom C

23、. Toms D. of Toms2. A. table B. tables C. tablese D. of table3. A. What B. Can C. Where D. Which4. A. pictures B. picture C. the pictures D. the picture5. A. in B. on C. in the D. on the6. A. the B. a C. an D. some7. A. a B. the C. the one D. one8. A. too B. to C. or D. and9. A. am B. are C. is D. d

24、o10. A. at B. under C. on D. in五、閱讀理解AHello! My name is Mike. I am from the USA, Now I am in China with my parents. I like China. I like Chinese food, too. I have breakfast at home. I eat an egg, bread and porridge for breakfast. I dont like milk. I have no time to go home for lunch. So I have it at

25、 school. The lunch in our school is good. I can have different food for lunch. I eat rice, meat and vegetables. Sometimes I have noodles and dumplings. I have dinner at home with my parents. Sometimes we go to restaurants with friends. We have chickens, vegetables and fruit.1. Mike is _.A AmericanB.

26、 EnglishC. ChineseD. in the USA2. For breakfast, Mike has _.A an egg, an apple and porridge B. an egg, bread and porridge C. an apple, bread and milk D. an egg, an apple and bread3. He has lunch _.A at school B. at home C. in a restaurant D. with his parents4. He has _ for lunch.A rice, meat and veg

27、etables B. dumplings and noodles C. chicken, meat and fruit D. A and B5. Sometimes they have dinner _.A at school B. in restaurants with some friends C. at his friends home D. at homeBDear Jerry,Please take these things to Alice. She needs them: her CD player and CD case, backpack, sunglasses(太陽鏡), baseball cap, keys and alarm