首字母填空做題技巧講解_百度文庫(kù)

1、首字母填空講解如何做好首字母填空題首字母填空類(lèi)短文題是近幾年中考試題經(jīng)常采用的題型之一,因?yàn)樗蟹浅：玫男哦?和效度,又能拉開(kāi)考生間的分差、提高區(qū)分度。這種題型屬于能力測(cè)試的范疇,它考查的范 圍極廣, 可以是英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的方方面面, 還可能涉及其它學(xué)科。 它要求考生在充分理解短文的 基礎(chǔ)上將單詞拼寫(xiě)出來(lái), 并且單詞形式合理, 符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)范, 符合短文需要。這種試題的首 字母已給,所填的就必須是該字母開(kāi)頭的單詞。這既是一種限制,又是一種提示?？墒沁@種題型因難度相對(duì)較大,考生失分現(xiàn)象比較嚴(yán)重。學(xué)生要仔細(xì)閱讀全文,利用 上下文提供的有關(guān)信息,再仔細(xì)閱讀相關(guān)句子,判斷所缺單詞的句子成分,才能完成練習(xí)。 完

2、型填空式中考試卷中最難的題型,最能測(cè)量考生實(shí)際運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力。要做好此類(lèi)題目, 考生不但要有較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)感, 善于體會(huì)上下文的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系, 而且要有扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備和較 大的詞匯量?？疾橹攸c(diǎn)是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這幾大詞類(lèi)。首字母填空特點(diǎn)及中考趨勢(shì):1 首字母填空題答題時(shí)要求既要使所填的詞在語(yǔ)法和語(yǔ)義上正確, 又要使其符合短文 內(nèi)容與情景的需要, 所給出的詞首字母同時(shí)起著提示和限定的作用。 它不僅考查學(xué) 生在詞匯、語(yǔ)法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還考察理解、推導(dǎo)、分析等綜合能力。2 從近幾年的考題來(lái)看, 短文填空題所考查的單詞涉及的詞性范圍較廣, 幾乎涉及到 了十大詞類(lèi); 文中所涉及的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)面較

3、寬, 學(xué)生需運(yùn)用已學(xué)過(guò)的詞法、 句法及常 用詞組、短語(yǔ)、慣用法等知識(shí)進(jìn)行具體分析后再答題,有一定的難度。文章短小、 精致, 字?jǐn)?shù)通常在 100150之間。 短文的體裁不一, 有記敘文、 說(shuō)明文、 議論文等。 短文題材豐富,內(nèi)容通俗易懂,與現(xiàn)代生活緊密相關(guān),如:英國(guó)人分期付款購(gòu)房; 度假回來(lái)的路上買(mǎi)家具的小故事; 食物對(duì)不同年齡段的人的不同影響; 被馴化的動(dòng) 物可以為人們做事情等,可讀性、趣味性強(qiáng),符合初中生的認(rèn)知特點(diǎn)。首字母填空的解題方法和技巧:短文填空題失分率較高, 其原因也是較多的。 有些同學(xué)或急于求成,或過(guò)于自信, 或?yàn)?節(jié)省時(shí)間,在未通讀完全文時(shí)便匆匆答題。殊不知這樣做會(huì)適得其反,達(dá)不

4、到良好的效果。因此,了解和掌握正確的解題方法和技巧是十分必要的。通讀全文,了解大意短文中雖有一些詞未知,但不影響對(duì)文章主要內(nèi)容的理解。在初步閱讀中,可以跳 過(guò)空格,盡量捕捉文章所提供的內(nèi)容信息,以及語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)方面的提示,有助于下一步 的分析與判斷。再讀全文,理清脈絡(luò)通讀全文、 掌握大意后, 還應(yīng)逐字逐句地仔細(xì)閱讀, 從文意中找出句與文、 句與句、 詞與句、詞與詞之間的關(guān)系,尤其是一些不易察覺(jué)的、隱含的微妙關(guān)系,用已知信息 去獲取未知信息,以便初步確定答案。在答題過(guò)程中,同學(xué)們可以把有把握的詞先填 好,逐步減少空格對(duì)閱讀造成的障礙,然后再仔細(xì)推敲剩下的難題。仔細(xì)推敲,確保準(zhǔn)確詞義判斷正確了不等于答

5、題正確,同學(xué)們還應(yīng)從詞法、句法、慣用法等方面考慮答 案的準(zhǔn)確性。有的學(xué)生經(jīng)過(guò)思考確定了一個(gè)意思正確的詞作為答案,但忽略了從語(yǔ)法 角度再進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,因而出現(xiàn)了一些與時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)等有關(guān)的詞形變化的錯(cuò)誤。如果填的 詞是名詞,首先要考慮到單、復(fù)數(shù)的問(wèn)題;如果是動(dòng)詞,要考慮應(yīng)使用什么時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ) 態(tài)。注意:填入的詞既能使句意通順,又能做到語(yǔ)法、用詞搭配的正確。如 bought 易誤答 成 buy ; lights 易誤答成 light ; reaches 易誤答成 reach; heavier易誤答成 heavy 等。 因此, 在初步確定答案后,一定還要反復(fù)考慮,仔細(xì)推敲,確保用詞準(zhǔn)確復(fù)讀全文,全面檢查答題完畢

6、后復(fù)讀全文,進(jìn)行核查是必不可少的。做完題后,一定要認(rèn)真檢查,盡量減少 粗心所致的筆誤或拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤,對(duì)有疑問(wèn)的地方,更要根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容、上下文的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、 邏輯發(fā)展進(jìn)行反復(fù)斟酌,這樣才能盡量避免失分。專(zhuān)項(xiàng)題型解析:例題解析:to people and also very beautiful. Most dogs get on and their parents. Others are good watch-dogs because they cry loudly when arrives.When you buy a dog, an important thing to think about i

7、s its buy a small dog ifis larger. Many people dont know how much to anything! They like meat, rice and lots of other things. You can for dogs in shops. Dont let your dogs eat too much. Feed it only once a . You should take it for a walk every day. Dont keep your dog inside all day.答案及簡(jiǎn)析1. friendly.

8、 人們之所以把狗作為寵物來(lái)養(yǎng),主要是因?yàn)樗鼈儽容^通人性,且對(duì)人很友好, 能給人們帶來(lái)歡樂(lè)。根據(jù) “be very f1 to people” 來(lái)分析,此空應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞,表明狗對(duì) 人的態(tài)度。 friend 是名詞, friendly 是形容詞,故 friendly 是正確答案。2. children. 寵物狗自然是在家中養(yǎng), 它們除了聽(tīng)主人的話(huà)以外, 與家中的小主人即孩子 也是好朋友。由于是指大多數(shù)家庭的情況,并受 their 一詞的提示,此處應(yīng)填 “ 孩子 ” 的復(fù)數(shù) 形式,即 children 。3. stranger. 狗的天性是護(hù)家。文中的 watch-dogs 意為 “ 看家狗 ”

9、,專(zhuān)門(mén)指有生人來(lái)時(shí)發(fā)出 叫喊的狗。 “ 生人 ” 在英文中即為 stranger 。4. size. 這個(gè)空略微有點(diǎn)難。一是 size 一詞平時(shí)用得較少,二是一般家庭都養(yǎng)小型犬,供 狗活動(dòng)的空間一般不成問(wèn)題,因此, 對(duì)狗的體積問(wèn)題考慮的較少。 從后面的句子來(lái)看, 此處 是在談狗的體積的問(wèn)題 “ 如果你的家小, 就買(mǎi)一只小狗; 如果你的家大, 就買(mǎi)一只大狗。 ” 5. yours. 這是一個(gè)名詞性物主代詞, 代替上半句的 your home。 此句完整的說(shuō)法應(yīng)是 buy a small dog if your home is small and buy a bigger one if your

10、home is larger. 為避免詞的重復(fù)使 用,在英文句子中常用名詞性物主代詞代替前面的那個(gè)名詞。本文最突出的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是決大多數(shù)需填詞的后面都有一句或兩句話(huà)的內(nèi)容是對(duì)所填 詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的。因此,在做這種類(lèi)型的題時(shí), 一定要注意分析上下文的內(nèi)容,進(jìn) 行推理和歸納,正確的理解句意,最后決定出最佳的詞及其正確形式。鞏固練習(xí):There was an old man who loved money very much. gave anything to anybody. .One day he was walking near the river with his friends wh

11、en he fell into the river. His friends ran to help him. One of them held out his hand and cried, “Give me your hand, and Ill youout ! ”The rich head went down the then came up again, but he did not his hand to his friend. Again another of his friends tried, but again thing happened.his hand and Nasr

12、eddin pulled him out of the water.“You dont know your friend ver.” Nasreddin said to the others. “When you say Give ! nothing, but when you say Take ! he always takes.”答案與簡(jiǎn)析:守財(cái)奴鬧出了笑話(huà)。文中談了一次救人的過(guò)程,解題時(shí)要根據(jù)當(dāng)時(shí)的情況特別注意 “give” 和 “take” 的妙用。1. never. 因?yàn)?love money,所以他決不會(huì) “ 給予 ” 。 never 意為 “ 從不 ” 。2. rich. ric

13、h是形容詞,作表語(yǔ)。由于從不施舍,幾年后他就富有了。3. pull. pull.out意為 “ 把 拉出來(lái) ” 。4. mans. head 為名詞,要選用 man 的所有格形式。5. and. and then.意為 “ 后來(lái)又 ” 。 and 起并列作用。6. give. give.to.意為 “ 把 給 ” 。7. same. 句意為:又發(fā)生了同樣的情況。8. another. another表示不定指的 “ 又一個(gè),另一個(gè) ” 。9. well. well為副詞, know well意思是 “ 很了解 ” 。10. does. 這句話(huà)是引述原話(huà), 故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 do nothing

14、 表示 “ 什么事都不干 ” 。例題解析ADo you know the word “brunch”? In the West, many people like to have brunch late(1b_ or early lunch. People often have brunch (2 b_ 10 a. m. and 2 p.m. on Sunday because they prefer to get up (3 l_ after a week's hard work or want to enjoy brunch with their parents, or frien

15、ds. That is a relaxing and interesting (4w_ of eating for most families. Today, brunch has become (5 p_ in big hotels. One can (6 e_ ask for or cook it himself. To make it (7 l_ like both breakfast and lunch, people choose to have lots of dishes. You may often see the following (8 f_ on the table, m

16、eat, eggs, fruit, (9 v_, orange juice, tea and bacon. Do you have brunch at (10 w_? If not, why not try?答案與解析 3:這是一篇說(shuō)明文,文章介紹了近年來(lái)在西方流行的 brunch(早午餐 。 brunch 一詞是由 breakfast 與 lunch 中的字母 br 和 unch 合在一起構(gòu)成的。1. breakfast, 由下句 “early lunch” 和前面的對(duì)應(yīng)詞 late 可知 brunch 是比 breakfast 要 晚,而比 lunch 要早。2. between, 這里的

17、 betweenand 是固定搭配。3. late, 根據(jù)句中的狀語(yǔ) “on Sunday” 和 “after a week's hard work” 可知在周末由于人們都 在家休息,所以起床會(huì)較完。4. way, 對(duì)大部分家庭來(lái)說(shuō),這種 brunch 只是一種新的放松有趣的進(jìn)餐方式。5. popular, 目前在西方, brunch 已經(jīng)成為一種時(shí)尚,越來(lái)越受到人們的歡迎。6. either, 這是一個(gè)等立連詞, eitheror ,意思是 ” 或者 或者 ” 。7. look, 由于 brunch 介于 breakfast 和 lunch 之間,所以人們?cè)谧銎?brunch 來(lái),既

18、要像 breakfast ,又要像 lunch 。 look like 的意思就是 ” 看起來(lái)好像 ” 。8. food, 根據(jù)下面所列舉的內(nèi)容可知答案。9. vegetables, 英語(yǔ)中,以字母 v 開(kāi)頭的 food 就是 vegetables 了。10.weekend, 根據(jù)文章的介紹, brunch 是在周末人們所享用的進(jìn)餐方式。鞏固練習(xí)Most people have f_ a kite or have seen one rise and dip in the strong spring wind. Not so many people know that kites were fi

19、rst made in China t_ of years ago. The a_ Chinese were making flying kites even before they were writing.A long time ago, the Chinese made kites to use in the wars. They would fly these war kites in the d_. The kites were fixed so that they made strong sounds. Men who were at war with them would hea

20、r these sounds and run away. They thought those strong sounds were m_ by god in the sky. The ancient Chinese also flew kites to b_ good luck and to make their crops grow rich and tall. Sometimes they tied long strings and hooks to the kites. Then they fly the kites o_ water letting the hooks hang do

21、wn to catch fish. The Chinese use sticks, strings and paper for their kites. Some of the kites look like animals or trees. O_ look like birds or houses. 首字母填空訓(xùn)練： (1 At different times in a man's life his food has different effects (影響 on his body. Among children f 1 is quickly changed to the pow

22、er(力量 to run and play games. Most of a 2 ; We grow upwards only d 3 the first young man's food is spent on growing t twenty years of our l if they work h 5 4 , not later. Working men get their strong bodies from their food; and 6 down a lot, and to work much sixty years of age. , they do not get

23、 fat. Office workers eat well and s 7 may begin to grow fat when s and walk often. P 9 quite young. Many older people t 8 10 the most difficult time is when a man r 11 His body and mind b restful, without much work or interest. That is when food changes quickly to f 12 . （1）1.food 2. tall 3. during

24、4. lives 5. hard 6. sit 7. still 8. try 9. Perhaps 10. reaches 11. become 12. fat (2 Bats(蝙蝠 are the only flying "animals" in the world. It is k see very well. "As b darkest nights and f fly b 5 2 4 1 to all that they cannot 3 flying on the as a bat" is often heard. Yet, they hav

25、e no t their way round very well. Why can bats fly and see at night? They 6 the same way as the radar on ships and 8 , they will 10 to "radar(雷達(dá)". The bat's radar w 7 planes. As a bat flies t the air, it makes a sound. If the sounds hit t 9 come back and the bat's ears will r the m

26、essage. In this way, the bat is a 11 know where the things are. Bats go out for f d 12 places. 1.known 2. blind 7. through 8.things 3.trouble 9. reaches at night. In the daytime, they hang in some 5.by 11. food 6.works 12. dark 4. finding 10. able （3） 1 2 Tennis is in its second life. Its first game

27、 b from the French word "tennez". The English men c the Frenchmen play 800 years ago. in France. The name of the game comes the game "tennis" when they watched The Englishmen liked the French game. Tennis courts were built in every park, in every city, just l 3 today. The two cou

28、ntries played a 5 4 each other. At first they played for honor. Then they w money. Later people began cheating（欺騙）to get money. Three 6 hundred years ago the game was forbidden（禁止）to stop the cheating. The game a disappeared. Americans found the old courts when they went to Europe 100 years ago. The

29、y learned w b p 9 8 7 they could do about the game. They liked the game as the Englishmen had . After returning home, the Americans built tennis courts. Tennis began to become in all the United States. Now it is one of the most e 2. called 7. what 3. like 8. before 4. against 9. popular (4 10 games

30、in the world again. 1. began 6. almost 5. won 10. exciting There are four people in my family. Every day my parents are very busy t money in order to pay the high tuition(學(xué)費(fèi)）for my brother and me. They h love you" or send f 3 1 2 to make say "I to each other. Besides，my father has a bad te

31、mper(脾氣. It is easy 4 5 he's very tired from the hard work. I didn't know whether one spring. At that time，my father suddenly got badly for him to lose his temper w there was love between them u sick .My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. When they returned from the hos

32、pital, they both looked very w 6 as if both of them had a serious illness. After they were back, my mother helped my father walk slowly on the country road every day in the morning and dusk. H 7 after two months my father still couldn't walk by h 8 . All of us were worried about him. "Dad，how are you f 9 now?" I asked him one day. 10 a low voice. "I just like walking with your "Susan, don't worry about me." he said