英語文章summary

1、Summary WritingnDefinition and features of a summarynUses of summarynProcedures of writing a summaryWhat is Summary? A summary is a shortened version, in your own words, of something you have read .It reproduces the theme of the original with as few words as possible. 一個(gè)總結(jié)是用你自己的話概括壓縮你讀的東西。是對(duì)一篇文章的主題思

2、想的簡單陳述。. A summary does not include your own opinions about what you read. All one has to do is to give a brief account of the authors exact meaning. n一個(gè)總結(jié)不包括你自己對(duì)你所讀的東西的看法。n它用最簡潔的語言概括了原文的主題。Features of SummarynBrevity 簡潔nObjectivity 客觀nCompleteness 全面Uses of summary writingnSummary writing is a very

3、 good exercise for improving reading comprehension. Some students read carelessly, and gain only a vague idea of what they have read. Summary writing can force them to try to understand what they read, because summarizing requires one to read with the mind, as well as with the eye, on the page.Uses

4、of summary writingnSummary writing is also helpful to composition writing. When writing a summary, one has to work within strict limits. One must express a certain meaning in a fixed number of words. So it is important to choose words carefully, to make sentences with accuracy and brevity, and to wr

5、ite with summary in logical order.Uses of summary writingnSummary writing has practical uses. The ability to grasp quickly and accurately what is read, or heard, and to reproduce it in a clear and concise簡明的way is of great value to people of many professions.Procedures of writing a summarya. Reading

6、b. Writingc. Revision Reading n認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料。n如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍。n閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對(duì)原文的理解就越深刻。n給縮寫起一個(gè)標(biāo)題。用那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子作為標(biāo)題。n找出每一個(gè)主要段落的主題句。主題句往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。n把文章劃分出幾個(gè)大的部分，總結(jié)每一部分的論點(diǎn)。并確定出文章的中心思想。 n簡要地記下主要觀點(diǎn)主題、標(biāo)題、例證等你認(rèn)為對(duì)概括縮寫重要的東西Readingn現(xiàn)在，就該決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部分次重要了。對(duì)重要部分的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括。 ReadingWriting n縮寫應(yīng)該只有原文的十分之一長。因此

7、首先數(shù)一下原文的字?jǐn)?shù)，然后除以10，得到一個(gè)數(shù)字?？s寫的字?jǐn)?shù)可以少于這個(gè)數(shù)字，但是千萬不能超過這個(gè)數(shù)字。 Writingn縮寫應(yīng)全部用自己的話完成。n不要引用原文的句子（可以用單詞或短語）。 Writingn應(yīng)該遵循原文的邏輯順序。n這樣你就不必重新組織觀點(diǎn)、事實(shí)。 Writingn縮寫必須全面、清晰地表明原文所載的信息，以便你的讀者不需翻閱原文就可以完全掌握材料的原意。 Writingn縮寫時(shí)可以采用下列幾種小采用下列幾種小技巧技巧： Writing skilln1.刪除細(xì)節(jié)。n只保留主要觀點(diǎn)。 Writing skilln2.選擇一至兩個(gè)例子。n原文中可能包括5個(gè)或更多的例子，你只需從中篩

8、選一至二個(gè)例子。 Writing skilln3.把長段的描述變成短小、簡單的句子。如果材料中描述某人或某事用了十個(gè)句子，那么你只要把它們變成一兩句即可。 Writing skilln避免重復(fù)。n在原文中，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個(gè)主題，可能會(huì)重復(fù)論證說明。但是這在縮寫中是不能使用的。應(yīng)該刪除那些突出強(qiáng)調(diào)的重述句。 Writing skilln4.壓縮長的句子。n如下列兩例： Writing skilln“His courage in battle might without exaggeration be called lion-like.” n可以概括為：n”He was brave in battle

9、.” n“He was hard up for money and was being pressed by his creditor.” n可以概括為：n“He has Money problems.” Writing skilln5.你可以使用詞組代替整句或者從句。請(qǐng)看下面的例子： Writing skilln“Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain, and Mount Huang, were visited by only a few people in the past. Today, better wages, hol

10、idays with pay, new hotels on these mountains, and better train and bus services, have brought them within reach of many who never thought of visiting them ten years ago.” n可以概括為：nMountains like Mount Tai, once visited by a few people, but today by many, due to better wages, paid holidays, and bette

11、r services.” Writing skilln6.使用概括性的名詞代替具體的詞，n比如： Writing skilln“She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.” n可以概括為：n”She brought home a lot of books to read in vacation.” Writ

12、ing skilln7.使用最短的連接詞。n比如，可以使用but, then, thus, yet, though，不能使用at the same time, in the first place, on the other hand等較長的連接詞。n通常，使用分號(hào)就能夠達(dá)成使用連接詞的效果。 Writing skilln8.文章中的第一人稱說的話通常在縮寫中轉(zhuǎn)換成第三人稱，從而把大段的對(duì)白簡化，比如： Writing skillnKate looked at Paul disapprovingly: You use much too much salt on your food, Paul

13、its not good for you!” Paul put down his knife and frowned: ”Why on earth not! If you didnt have salt on your food it would taste awful like eating cardboard硬紙板or sand just imagine bread without salt in it, or potatoes or pasta面團(tuán)cooked without salt!” Kate was patient. She didnt want to quarrel with

14、Paul. She wanted to persuade him. She said firmly: ”But too much salt is bad for you. It cause high blood pressure and latter on, heart-attacks. It also disguises掩蓋the taste of food, the real tastes which are much more subtle微妙的than salt, and which we have lost the sensitivity to appreciate any more.” (136words)n可以用第三人稱概括為： nKate quarreled/disagreed with P