英語A、B級閱讀理解解題技巧

1、應(yīng)用能力考試應(yīng)用能力考試A、B級級之閱讀理解之閱讀理解閱讀理解構(gòu)成部分閱讀理解構(gòu)成部分 Task A 多項選擇題多項選擇題 Task B Task C 填空題填空題 Task D 匹配題匹配題 Task E 簡答題簡答題v英語應(yīng)用能力考試主要測試以下閱讀英語應(yīng)用能力考試主要測試以下閱讀技能：技能：v了解語篇和段落的主旨和大意；了解語篇和段落的主旨和大意； v掌握語篇中的事實和主要情節(jié)；掌握語篇中的事實和主要情節(jié)；v理解語篇上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；理解語篇上下文的邏輯關(guān)系；v對句子和段落進行推理；對句子和段落進行推理；v了解作者的目的、態(tài)度和觀點；了解作者的目的、態(tài)度和觀點；v根據(jù)上下文正確理解生詞及

2、其意思；根據(jù)上下文正確理解生詞及其意思；v理解語篇的結(jié)論理解語篇的結(jié)論v進行信息轉(zhuǎn)換進行信息轉(zhuǎn)換解閱讀理解題的技巧解閱讀理解題的技巧v轉(zhuǎn)折原則轉(zhuǎn)折原則：注意文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞 ，如 butbut、howeverhowever、yetyetv列舉原則列舉原則：注意文章當中出現(xiàn)的比較比較級、最高級，絕對意義的詞級、最高級，絕對意義的詞，如the most important，only。v把歷年真題（或仿真模擬題）出現(xiàn)的難句、長句拿出一部分，反復(fù)讀，找語感。主 旨 大 意 型主 旨 大 意 型事實細節(jié)型事實細節(jié)型 詞詞 義義 猜猜 測測 型型命命 題題 類類因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目主要因此有關(guān)閱讀理解題目

3、主要有以下幾種有以下幾種: :推推 理理 判判 斷斷 型型1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)Which of the following can summar-ise the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?主旨大意題主旨大意題的常見的提問形式的常見的提問形式

4、:主旨大意題答題技巧主旨大意題答題技巧v1.認真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個句子。認真閱讀文章的第一段或每段的第一個句子。v2.文章的主題作者往往有意識地反復(fù)論述。抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的文章的主題作者往往有意識地反復(fù)論述。抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。v3.文章或段落的主題句常常會出現(xiàn)在一些標志性的提示后。文章或段落的主題句常常會出現(xiàn)在一些標志性的提示后。v例如：例如：On the whole , in short, therefore I agree with the opinion that Given all these points above

5、 , I would support the idea that For all the reasons mentioned above ,I would prefer 如何尋找主題句如何尋找主題句Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal.

6、Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. （1）主題句在段首）主題句在段首 主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用

7、這種格性細節(jié)。在論說文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。式。 Sample 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2

8、 2）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。）主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)作者先擺出事實依據(jù), , 層層推理論證層層推理論證, , 最后自然得出結(jié)論最后自然得出結(jié)論, , 即段落的主題。本即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn)段的中心思想在結(jié)尾句得到體現(xiàn), ,它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。它是此段內(nèi)容的結(jié)論。 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dar

9、k. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.（3 3）在短文中間）在短文中間當主題句被安排在段中間時當主題句被安排在段中間時, , 通常前面只提出問題，通常前面只提出問題， 文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎

10、邏輯的引申在文中的主題由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出文中導(dǎo)出, , 而后又作進一步的解釋而后又作進一步的解釋, , 支撐或發(fā)展支撐或發(fā)展. .returnPassage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has n

11、ot cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能滿足的）不能滿足的）

12、society.練習題練習題細節(jié)題細節(jié)題解釋Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Ford operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of

13、the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.文章文章解釋【解析】答案為C C。take sth. away take sth. away of sb.of sb.和和 cast sb. sth.cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表達的主題，在主題句出現(xiàn)后，再舉例子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)論證。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個段落的主旨大意。文章 文章中心是文章中心是論點論點，事實細節(jié)是，事實細節(jié)是論論據(jù)據(jù)或或

14、主要理由主要理由；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題常對；有關(guān)細節(jié)的問題常對文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細文中某個詞語、某句子、某段落等細節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可節(jié)及事實進行提問，所提問題一般可直接直接或或間接間接在文章中找到答案在文章中找到答案。 提問的特殊疑問詞常有：提問的特殊疑問詞常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。等。事事實實細細節(jié)節(jié)型型 解題原則解題原則：忠實于原文上下文及忠實于原文上下文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，決不能主觀臆斷。1）Which of the following statements is true?2）Which

15、 of the following is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_? 在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特在閱讀理解中，要求查找主要事實和特定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：定細節(jié)問題常有以下幾種命題方式：Example 1 One day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the sh

16、op assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condi

17、tion as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進來時的原解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房東要求房屋必須是他租進來時的原樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對房屋進行樣，所以他須買些老鼠和蟑螂等昆蟲對房屋進行“恢復(fù)恢復(fù)

18、”，因此推出，因此推出答案為答案為D D。 Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275 Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 requires

19、 nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.解釋文章 Passage2 Passage2 The human body is a living mach

20、ine, and The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy much do we need to stay

21、 healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The numbe

22、r of calories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart showsdifferent, as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000練習題解釋第三節(jié)【解析】答案為 D D 。 根據(jù)文章細節(jié)內(nèi)容，

23、計算公式為： (90-35)51=275【解析】答案為 C C 。 根據(jù)文章圖表，依次驗證A、B、C、D 四個答案的內(nèi)容是否正確。很易找出 C C 符合圖表內(nèi)容。文章文章 同義法同義法 常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或或or，它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接它們連接的兩項內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。近的或遞進的，由此可以推測。 反義法反義法 如如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定?？傊?，等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。 釋義法釋義法

24、對文章中的生詞用定語（從對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標點符號引出并加以解釋說明。引出并加以解釋說明。詞詞義義猜猜測測型型 情景推斷法、代詞替代法情景推斷法、代詞替代法等等常見的命題方式有常見的命題方式有 1 1）文中找線索或信息詞）文中找線索或信息詞; ;2) 2) 根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義根據(jù)熟悉的詞及詞義判斷新單詞之意；判斷新單詞之意； 3 3）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞）根據(jù)上下文判斷新詞匯在特定句中確切意思。匯在特定句中確切意思。4. 4. 特別注意熟詞新意！特別注意熟詞新意！做題要領(lǐng)做題要領(lǐng)Q: Which of the foll

25、owing is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. The

26、ir reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(應(yīng)得的，值得的應(yīng)得的，值得的). 解 釋第四節(jié)解 釋 這段文字中講到加納這個國家這段文字中講到加納這個國家中中 的大多數(shù)婦女，受的大多數(shù)婦女，受過教育的過教育的 （educatededucated）和沒有受和沒有受過教育的過教育的 （illiterateilliterate）；）；住在城住在城市的市的 （urbanurban）和住在農(nóng)村的和住在農(nóng)村的（ruralrural），），年輕的（年輕的

27、（youngyoung）和年和年長的（長的（oldold）正好是一對對反義詞。正好是一對對反義詞。因此選因此選 C C 項。項。本題答案選本題答案選C C 推理判斷題：推理判斷題：著重考查學生歸著重考查學生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。 以原文內(nèi)容以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點理論觀點理論（非自己觀點）（非自己觀點），客觀地對文，客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推推理理判判斷斷型型 透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及

28、態(tài)想傾向、觀點、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。度等。推理判斷題推理判斷題（做題要領(lǐng)） 既要求我們透過文章表面既要求我們透過文章表面文字信息推測文章文字信息推測文章隱含意思隱含意思，又要求我們對作者的態(tài)度、又要求我們對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從確的推理判斷，力求從作者作者的角度的角度去考慮，不要固守自去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。己的看法或觀點。推理判斷型推理判斷型常見的命題方式有：常見的命題方式有：1. The passage implies (暗示暗示) that_.2. We can conclude (得出結(jié)論得出結(jié)論) from the

29、passage that_.3. Which of the following can be inferred (推論推論)?4. What is the tone (語氣語氣) of the author ?5. What is the purpose (目的目的) of this passage?6. The passage is intended to _.7. Where would this passage most probably appear? Passage 4 A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or w

30、ho hands out high grades for ordinary achievement (n.成績成績 ) ends up with uninspired students. Eisenberger holds (vi.認為認為). As an exa- mple of the latter (adj. 近來的近來的 ) point ( n.觀點觀點 ), he notes ( vi.特別指出特別指出 ) growing efforts at major universities to tighten ( v.使變得更緊使變得更緊 ) grading standards (及格標準及格標準 ) and restore ( vt.恢復(fù)使用恢復(fù)使用 ) failing grades (不及