延續(xù)性動詞和短暫性動詞筆記

1、 持續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞 英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應注意兩者的區(qū)別。 持續(xù)性動詞表示一個動作可持續(xù)一段時間， 此類動詞有 do, live, have, keep, wear, sleep, wait, work, play, stay, know, sing, dance, write, study, rest, talk, walk 等 . 瞬時性動詞表示不能持續(xù)的動作， 這種動作發(fā)生后立即結束， 此類動詞有 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, leave, move, borrow, buy, d

2、ie, lend, join, catch, get, win, fail 等 一、持續(xù)性動詞 表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。 常見的有 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean, slean, sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, write, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。 二、瞬間性動詞 表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動詞。常見的有 begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive,

3、 reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等。 以上已集中了初中教材的大部分持續(xù)性動詞及瞬間性動詞。 三、用法 1、 持續(xù)性動詞在完成時中能與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用， 而瞬間性動詞則不能。 例如： His parents talked with the teacher for half an hour. （他的父母跟老師談了半個

4、小時。 ） My mother has lain in bed for 3 days. （我母親生病臥床已經(jīng)三天了。 ） My parents have lived in Shanghai since 1950. （我父母親從 1950 年起就住在上海了。 ） 2、瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常的方法： （1）用意思相當?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換，例如： He has been in the army/a soldier for htree years. （他參軍已有 3 年了。）不能用 has joined She has been up for quite some t

5、ime. （她起床已有好久了。 ）不能用 has got up Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （你哥哥離家已有好久了嗎？） 不能用 has left 初中課本中的常用瞬間動詞相應持續(xù)性動詞關系如下： 1、 go be away 2、 be here 3、 come back be back 4、leave be away( be not here ) 5、 buy have 6、 borrow keep 7、 die be dead 8、begin be on 9、 finish be over 10、open be

6、 open 11close be closed 12、 lose be lost 13get to know know 14、 turn on be on 15get up be up 16、 sit down sit/be seated 17join be in ()或 be amember a）用延續(xù)性動詞代替終止性動詞 has bought) this bike for almost four years. I have kept( 不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become How long ha

7、s your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold1、 用 have 代替 buy My brother has had( 不能用 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用“ be+形容詞”代終止性動詞 1、bemarried 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be dead 代 die 4、 be asleep 代 fall (g

8、et) asleep 5、beawake 代 wake/wake up 6 、be gone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、beopen 代 open 8 、be closed 代 close/shut 9、be missing(gone,lost) 代 lose 延續(xù)性動詞表示能夠延續(xù)的動作， 這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久影響。 如 stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay 等。 終止性動詞也稱非延續(xù)性動詞、 瞬間動詞或短暫性動詞， 表示不能延續(xù)的動作， 生

9、后立即結束。 如 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, borrow,buy 等。 Come-be here Go - be there leaver be away, borrow keep, buy T have, begin/start T be on, dietbe dead, move to t live in, finishtbe over, jointbe in/be a member of, open sth.tkeep sth. open, feel illtbe ill, get uptbe

10、 up, catch a coldthave a cold come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out tbe out， put on t wear； 例 :The old man died 4 years ago. - The old man has been de

11、ad for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 補充練習： 1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 min

12、utes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _ friends since they met in 2000. A. have

13、 made B. have been C. made D. have become 5. _ You mustnt until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left 6. _ The meeting for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 7. _ Miss Gao this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 8. _ Ben a teacher fo

14、r 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became 9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned 10. How long _ he _ ? ：learn, work, 這種動作發(fā) leave, move, A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 11. How long can I _ the book? Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 12. _

15、 He the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13. - How long _ you _ ill ? - Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 14.Since 2000, he his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from 15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 16. _ The bus on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been