非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和with結(jié)構(gòu)

1、單項(xiàng)填空第9課時(shí) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 1. Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. (2011四川卷)A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study選Bfeel like doing“想要/喜歡做某事”，故選B項(xiàng)。句意為：Lydia不想出國(guó)留學(xué)，她的父母年齡太大了。2. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. (2011四川卷)A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to

2、 keep選D此處為不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。句意：Simon做了個(gè)大竹箱來(lái)放那只受傷的小鳥(niǎo)，直到它能飛。3. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. (2011四川卷)A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer選Coffer與邏輯主語(yǔ)Andy之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞，作狀語(yǔ)。句意：Andy獲得了一部新電影里一個(gè)重要的角色，所以他有機(jī)會(huì)成名。4. More TV programs, according to government officials,

3、 will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. (2011重慶卷)A. to raise B. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised選A考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為“為了喚起人們對(duì)食品安全的關(guān)注，將有更多的電視節(jié)目錄制。”此處用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)1】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)_ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011遼寧卷)A. GatherB. To gatherC. Gathering D.

4、To be gathering選C句子主語(yǔ)是the tourists, gather和tourists存有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。 1. Its adj. for / of sb. to do sth.句型中的不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)為“sb.”。2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，他們的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般就是句子的主語(yǔ)。當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作由句子主語(yǔ)發(fā)出時(shí)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式；當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是句子主語(yǔ)所承受的時(shí)，用過(guò)去分詞或不定式、動(dòng)詞的ing形式的被動(dòng)形式。3. 代詞主格或名詞的普通格 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞邏輯主語(yǔ)為代詞或名詞。 【考點(diǎn)2】獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)_ you the t

5、ruth, I feel like _ to bed now.A. Telling; going B. To tell; going C. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go選Bto tell you the truth作獨(dú)立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 在英語(yǔ)中，少數(shù)的to do 短語(yǔ)，doing短語(yǔ)和done 短語(yǔ)已經(jīng)當(dāng)作插入語(yǔ)使用，此時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上與它們不存在主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1)to tell you the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話(huà)needless to say 不用說(shuō)to be honest/ frank 老實(shí)說(shuō)，坦白說(shuō)to be mo

6、re exact 更確切地說(shuō)to make things worse 更糟的是say that假設(shè)(2)generally/frankly/roughly speaking 一般說(shuō)來(lái)/坦白說(shuō)/粗略地說(shuō)considering鑒于/考慮到j(luò)udging by/from從來(lái)看，依據(jù)來(lái)判斷supposing /suppose that假定providing that假定according to依據(jù)including包括owing to由于talking/speaking of 談及(3)given考慮到provided that如果【考點(diǎn)3】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)Claire had her luggage

7、 _ an hour before her plane left. (2011陜西卷)A. checkB. checking C. to checkD. checked選DClaire在飛機(jī)離開(kāi)之前的一小時(shí)讓人把行李檢查了。have sth. done請(qǐng)某人做某事。The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷)A. roseB. rising C. to riseD. risen選B句意：他接下來(lái)看見(jiàn)的事是房子后面正冒著煙。現(xiàn)在分詞rising表動(dòng)作在進(jìn)行，和修飾詞smoke間有主謂關(guān)系。rising

8、from behind the house現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式一般表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后的事情，要表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前的事情，須用不定式的完成式；動(dòng)詞的ing形式一般表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，若要表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前的事情，須用動(dòng)詞的ing形式的完成式?！究键c(diǎn)4】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能1. 作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)： 動(dòng)名詞表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作。不定式表示一次性的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞、不定式作主語(yǔ)常用it作其形式主語(yǔ)，但no use, no good作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，真正主語(yǔ)常用動(dòng)名詞。2. 作賓語(yǔ)： (1)有些動(dòng)詞只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： mind, finis

9、h, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。 (2)有些動(dòng)詞只跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)常用的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, cla

10、im, struggle等。(3)remember, forget, regret后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的區(qū)別：后接動(dòng)名詞表示先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作；后接不定式表示后于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作。 (4)want, need, require和deserve后接動(dòng)名詞和不定式的用法：當(dāng)它們后面所接的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式。(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, cant help后，用動(dòng)名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同，要注意：cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

11、： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2011重慶卷)A. reminding B. to remindC. reminded D. remind選Ckeep oneself reminded of his own dreams。過(guò)去分詞 reminded作賓補(bǔ)。Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2011浙江卷)A. lose B. lost C. to los

12、eD. having lostB可以從lost for words (欲言又止；迷失語(yǔ)言)這一習(xí)語(yǔ)來(lái)理解。此題易誤選C，考生可能會(huì)將find sb. to do跟find oneself(to be)done混淆。根據(jù)句意可知謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，“即使最好的作家有時(shí)也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己”，作賓補(bǔ)的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)圍繞lose變化。動(dòng)詞lose的基本含義是“丟失”，引申義是“使沉溺于”(使動(dòng)用法容易被考生忽略)，跟邏輯主語(yǔ)themselves的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)。熟悉并掌握哪些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等須接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；哪些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如find

13、, suggest, lead to等可接動(dòng)詞的ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；哪些動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接動(dòng)詞的ing形式又可接過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)；何時(shí)用主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，何時(shí)用被動(dòng)形式或過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，一般由非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定。 4. 作定語(yǔ)： On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. (2011江西卷)A. says B. said C. sayi

14、ngD. to say選Csaying作后置定語(yǔ)修飾a phone call from his wife “來(lái)自他妻子的一個(gè)電話(huà)說(shuō)”。Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建卷)A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded選C清華大學(xué)成立于1911年。過(guò)去分詞founded 作非限制性定語(yǔ)修飾Tsinghua University(清華大學(xué))。 (1) 注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式，不定式作定語(yǔ)一般用主動(dòng)式，只有當(dāng)

15、不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，才用被動(dòng)式；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示主動(dòng)意義，動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞一般表示被動(dòng)、完成含義。 (2) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，都要放在所修飾的詞之后；單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞的ing形式或過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作定語(yǔ)，與修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不及物動(dòng)詞后面的介詞不能丟。5. 不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞都能表示結(jié)果，其區(qū)別是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，不定式前常用only修飾；而動(dòng)詞的ing形式表示自然或必然的結(jié)果。More highways have been built in Chi

16、na, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011陜西卷) A. makingB. made C. to makeD. having made選A句意：在中國(guó)更多的公路已被修建，這樣使得人們從一個(gè)地方旅游到另一個(gè)地方更為容易。making分詞短語(yǔ)表意料之中的結(jié)果。若是only to make則表示意料之外的結(jié)果?！究键c(diǎn)5】不定式to的省略1. 動(dòng)詞see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make

17、 接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式的to須省略，但句子變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不定式的to不能省略。2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后須跟省to的不定式。3. 介詞but, except等前若有行為動(dòng)詞do, 其后常用省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)；若沒(méi)有行為動(dòng)詞do, 則用帶to的不定式。4. 不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主語(yǔ)中有行為動(dòng)詞do 的某一形式時(shí)，不定式的to可有可無(wú)。With 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) With his mother _ him, he is getting on well with his work

18、. A. help B. to helpC. helpingD. helped選C這是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)， his mother與help是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以排除D, 如選B則有將來(lái)的意思，顯然不合語(yǔ)境，選C表示“他媽一直在幫他”， 正合句意。It was a pity that the famous painter died _ his painting unfinished. A. of B. fromC. out D. with本題考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的用法，不是詞組die of， die from和die out。with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)形式有：1“with名詞/代詞介詞短語(yǔ)”。The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 2. “with名詞/代詞形容詞”。He likes to sleep with the door open. 3. “with名詞/代詞副詞”。The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 4. “with名詞/代詞名詞”。He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 5.