非謂語動詞和with結(jié)構(gòu)

1、單項填空第9課時 非謂語動詞與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 1. Lydia doesnt feel like _ abroad. Her parents are old. (2011四川卷)A. studyB. studyingC. studiedD. to study選Bfeel like doing“想要/喜歡做某事”，故選B項。句意為：Lydia不想出國留學(xué)，她的父母年齡太大了。2. Simon made a big bamboo box _ the little sick bird till it could fly. (2011四川卷)A. keepB. keptC. keepingD. to

2、 keep選D此處為不定式作目的狀語。句意：Simon做了個大竹箱來放那只受傷的小鳥，直到它能飛。3. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. (2011四川卷)A. OfferB. OfferingC. OfferedD. To offer選Coffer與邏輯主語Andy之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞，作狀語。句意：Andy獲得了一部新電影里一個重要的角色，所以他有機會成名。4. More TV programs, according to government officials,

3、 will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety. (2011重慶卷)A. to raise B. raisingC. to have raisedD. having raised選A考查非謂語動詞。句意為“為了喚起人們對食品安全的關(guān)注，將有更多的電視節(jié)目錄制?！贝颂幱貌欢ㄊ阶髂康臓钫Z。非謂語動詞【考點1】非謂語動詞的邏輯主語_ around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people. (2011遼寧卷)A. GatherB. To gatherC. Gathering D.

4、To be gathering選C句子主語是the tourists, gather和tourists存有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 1. Its adj. for / of sb. to do sth.句型中的不定式的邏輯主語為“sb.”。2. 非謂語動詞作狀語時，他們的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語。當(dāng)非謂語動詞的動作由句子主語發(fā)出時，非謂語動詞用主動形式；當(dāng)非謂語動詞的動作是句子主語所承受的時，用過去分詞或不定式、動詞的ing形式的被動形式。3. 代詞主格或名詞的普通格 非謂語動詞構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。非謂語動詞邏輯主語為代詞或名詞。 【考點2】獨立成分作狀語_ you the t

5、ruth, I feel like _ to bed now.A. Telling; going B. To tell; going C. Telling; to go D. To tell; to go選Bto tell you the truth作獨立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動名詞作賓語。 在英語中，少數(shù)的to do 短語，doing短語和done 短語已經(jīng)當(dāng)作插入語使用，此時，句子的主語在邏輯上與它們不存在主動或被動關(guān)系。(1)to tell you the truth 說實話needless to say 不用說to be honest/ frank 老實說，坦白說to be mo

6、re exact 更確切地說to make things worse 更糟的是say that假設(shè)(2)generally/frankly/roughly speaking 一般說來/坦白說/粗略地說considering鑒于/考慮到j(luò)udging by/from從來看，依據(jù)來判斷supposing /suppose that假定providing that假定according to依據(jù)including包括owing to由于talking/speaking of 談及(3)given考慮到provided that如果【考點3】非謂語動詞的時態(tài)Claire had her luggage

7、 _ an hour before her plane left. (2011陜西卷)A. checkB. checking C. to checkD. checked選DClaire在飛機離開之前的一小時讓人把行李檢查了。have sth. done請某人做某事。The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house. (2011全國新課標(biāo)卷)A. roseB. rising C. to riseD. risen選B句意：他接下來看見的事是房子后面正冒著煙?，F(xiàn)在分詞rising表動作在進(jìn)行，和修飾詞smoke間有主謂關(guān)系。rising

8、from behind the house現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語。動詞不定式一般表示在謂語動作之后的事情，要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用不定式的完成式；動詞的ing形式一般表示與謂語動詞動作同時進(jìn)行的動作，若要表示發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前的事情，須用動詞的ing形式的完成式?！究键c4】非謂語動詞的句法功能1. 作主語、表語： 動名詞表示一般性、經(jīng)常性的動作。不定式表示一次性的動作。動名詞、不定式作主語常用it作其形式主語，但no use, no good作表語時，真正主語常用動名詞。2. 作賓語： (1)有些動詞只跟動名詞作賓語常用的這類動詞有： mind, finis

9、h, enjoy, excuse, imagine, keep, practice, suggest, miss, consider, prevent, appreciate, advise, avoid, allow, admit, delay, escape, permit, forbid等。 (2)有些動詞只跟不定式作賓語常用的這類動詞有： want, wish, hope, expect, agree, decide, learn, pretend, ask, promise, plan, refuse, beg, demand, manage, offer, prepare, cla

10、im, struggle等。(3)remember, forget, regret后接動名詞和不定式的區(qū)別：后接動名詞表示先于謂語動詞的動作；后接不定式表示后于謂語動詞的動作。 (4)want, need, require和deserve后接動名詞和不定式的用法：當(dāng)它們后面所接的動詞與句子的主語是動賓關(guān)系時，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式。(5)在try, stop, mean, go on, cant help后，用動名詞和不定式所表達(dá)的含義不同，要注意：cant help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事；cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫助做某事3. 作賓語補足語

11、： Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2011重慶卷)A. reminding B. to remindC. reminded D. remind選Ckeep oneself reminded of his own dreams。過去分詞 reminded作賓補。Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2011浙江卷)A. lose B. lost C. to los

12、eD. having lostB可以從lost for words (欲言又止；迷失語言)這一習(xí)語來理解。此題易誤選C，考生可能會將find sb. to do跟find oneself(to be)done混淆。根據(jù)句意可知謂語動詞是find“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，“即使最好的作家有時也會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己”，作賓補的四個選項圍繞lose變化。動詞lose的基本含義是“丟失”，引申義是“使沉溺于”(使動用法容易被考生忽略)，跟邏輯主語themselves的關(guān)系是被動。熟悉并掌握哪些動詞或短語如advise, allow, like, wish, want, help等須接不定式作賓語補足語；哪些動詞或短語如find

13、, suggest, lead to等可接動詞的ing形式作賓語補足語；哪些動詞或短語如feel, see, watch, hear, have 等既可接動詞的ing形式又可接過去分詞作賓語補足語；何時用主動形式作賓語補足語，何時用被動形式或過去分詞作賓語補足語，一般由非謂語動詞與賓語的關(guān)系確定。 4. 作定語： On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office. (2011江西卷)A. says B. said C. sayi

14、ngD. to say選Csaying作后置定語修飾a phone call from his wife “來自他妻子的一個電話說”。Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. (2011福建卷)A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded選C清華大學(xué)成立于1911年。過去分詞founded 作非限制性定語修飾Tsinghua University(清華大學(xué))。 (1) 注意非謂語動詞的形式，不定式作定語一般用主動式，只有當(dāng)

15、不定式的邏輯主語不是句子的主語或賓語時，才用被動式；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示主動意義，動作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞一般表示被動、完成含義。 (2) 非謂語動詞的位置：非謂語動詞短語作定語時，都要放在所修飾的詞之后；單個的動詞的ing形式或過去分詞作定語時，一般放在所修飾的詞之前。不及物動詞的不定式作定語，與修飾的名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時，不及物動詞后面的介詞不能丟。5. 不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別： 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞都能表示結(jié)果，其區(qū)別是：不定式一般表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，不定式前常用only修飾；而動詞的ing形式表示自然或必然的結(jié)果。More highways have been built in Chi

16、na, _ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. (2011陜西卷) A. makingB. made C. to makeD. having made選A句意：在中國更多的公路已被修建，這樣使得人們從一個地方旅游到另一個地方更為容易。making分詞短語表意料之中的結(jié)果。若是only to make則表示意料之外的結(jié)果?！究键c5】不定式to的省略1. 動詞see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, look at, listen to, let, have, make

17、 接不定式作賓補時，不定式的to須省略，但句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，不定式的to不能省略。2. why, would rather, had better, may as well, cannot (help / choose) but等后須跟省to的不定式。3. 介詞but, except等前若有行為動詞do, 其后常用省to的不定式作賓語；若沒有行為動詞do, 則用帶to的不定式。4. 不定式作表語時，若主語中有行為動詞do 的某一形式時，不定式的to可有可無。With 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) With his mother _ him, he is getting on well with his work

18、. A. help B. to helpC. helpingD. helped選C這是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)， his mother與help是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以排除D, 如選B則有將來的意思，顯然不合語境，選C表示“他媽一直在幫他”， 正合句意。It was a pity that the famous painter died _ his painting unfinished. A. of B. fromC. out D. with本題考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)狀語的用法，不是詞組die of， die from和die out。with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語和定語，常見形式有：1“with名詞/代詞介詞短語”。The man was walking on the street, with a book under his arm. 2. “with名詞/代詞形容詞”。He likes to sleep with the door open. 3. “with名詞/代詞副詞”。The square looks more beautiful with all the lights on. 4. “with名詞/代詞名詞”。He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul. 5.