定語從句知識點匯總

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上定語從句英語諺語欣賞1. He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing.不懂裝懂，一事無成. 2. Its the first step that costs.千里之行，始于足下3. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘當小綿羊，遲早要喂狼. 概念：(1) 定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。(2) 先行

2、詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3) 引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞，分為關系代詞和關系副詞。關系詞的作用：1) 引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；2) 必在從句中作某個句子成份（可以做主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）常用的關系代詞: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as常用的關系副詞（在從句中只作狀語）: when、why、 whereThe student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry.The boy (whom

3、) you are talking to is my brother. I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定語從句三步：第一找出先行詞；第二看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；第三選擇合適的關系詞。. 幾個關系代詞的基本用法：that: 可指人或物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語。(指人時，相當于who或 whom；指物時，相當于which)(一般不用于非限制性定語從句; 不可置于介詞后作賓語) 如：1. A letter that/which is written in pencil is di

4、fficult to read. (主語)2. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now?3. You can take anything ( that) you like. （賓語）4. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about?5. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.6. She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表語）

5、7. Our hometown is no longer the one (that) it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from what it used to be。= Our hometown is not what it used to be.which: 指物；在定語從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語。如：1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主語）2.

6、The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（賓語）3. The factory in which his father works is far from here.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. （表語）5. Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learned French.（定語）6. He may be late, in which case we ought to wait f

7、or him.who, whom, whose:who: 主格, 在從句中作主語，在口語或非正式用法中作賓語; 只可指人whom: 賓格，在從句中作賓語; 只可指人whose: 屬格，在從句中作定語，可指人也可指物。I like the students who/that work hard. （主語）All who heard the story were amazed. (代詞如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.)Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an

8、actor. （賓語）He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south. （指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of

9、 which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come 1. 關系代詞 whose，引導時，既可指人，又可指物，在從句中只能作定語；of whom 只能指人；of which 只能指物，有時 whose 可以與 of whom 和 of which 互換使用。如：The girl whose hair is golden is from England. 頭發(fā)金色的那個女孩是英國人。The house whose doors

10、are green is an office building. 門是綠色的那座房子是辦公樓。2. “介詞 + whose +名詞” 引導。如：I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard. 我愛我的祖國，為了她美好的未來我要努力工作。3. 在下列情況下，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。(1) 的主語是 few, little, some, most, many, much等時，一般只用of whom和of which。In the room are lots of peo

11、ple, many of whom I dont know. 房間里有很多人，很多人我不認識。He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read. 他有很多故事書，有幾本故事書我還從未看過。(2) 定語從句的主語是數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那個老人有三個小孩，其中兩個是大學生，另一個

12、是經(jīng)理。(3) 的主語是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代詞時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard. 我們班有五十個學生，所有這五十個學生學習都刻苦。He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well. 去年他栽了兩棵樹，這兩棵樹都長得好。(4) 在中作表語的定語時，一般只用of whom和of which。如：He has

13、 three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one. 它有三兄弟，李蕾是他們中最小的一個。There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one. 亞洲有很多國家，中國是最大的一個。關系代詞作介詞賓語:關系代詞在定語從句中用作介詞賓語時, 介詞可放于從句之首, 也可放于從句之末. 但以放于句首較為正式.（介詞前置，必須注意不影響動詞詞組的含義。關系代詞who 和 that 用作介詞賓語時, 介詞必須放在句末.）關系代詞前介詞選擇三原則：一先，二動，三意義（重中之重

14、）1.一先，即根據(jù)定語從句中介詞與先行詞的搭配關系選擇。I never forget the day on which I came to this school. (on the day)2. 二動，即根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞與介詞的搭配關系選擇。This is the iPad on which I spent 3000 yuan. (spend money on sth.)3. 三意義，即根據(jù)定語從句的意義來確定介詞。This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see clearly.This is the book for whi

15、ch you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for.Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with?The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age.In the dark s

16、treet, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week?Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week?This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介詞after與look構成固定詞組，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care

17、of, hear ofaboutfrom, care for, look forward, pay attention to, listen to等)as 的用法:(as 引導定語從句, 在定語從句中作主語、賓語、表語)如為限制性的，多用于the same as ; the same as；such as ; as many/much as；so as等結構中。如：I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一樣的書。 Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been. (關系代詞

18、as和指示代詞same連用, 在從句中用作表語, 先行詞是same.).-Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now?- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure ab

19、out. There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比較：I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比較：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定語從句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（結果狀語從句）如為非限制性的，多單獨引導一個定語從句，這種定語

20、從句可置于句首，句中或句尾，譯為"正如，這一點"。（動詞常為know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . (as 作賓語)=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主語）=It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health .=Smoking is harmful to

21、 one's health , as we all know .（as 作賓語）=Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health.He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (賓語, 先行詞是前面整個句子). 關系副詞引導的定語從句:When 指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。其先行詞是表時間的名詞（如：time, day, week, tear, month, etc.）He came last night when I was out.We will put off the

22、 picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：先行詞為"時間名詞"，可用when引導定語從句，when在定語從句中作狀語；還可以用which或that 引導，which或that在從句中作主語或賓語。比較: I still remember the day when /on which my brother joined the army.（作狀語）Next month, when you will be in your hometown, is just around the corner.I s

23、till remember the days which/that we spent together. （作賓語） Next winter which/that you'll spend in Harbin, I'm sure, will be exciting.I shall never forget the day when Shen Zhou was launched, which has a great effect on my life.There are occasions when joking is not permissible.Where 指地點，在定語從

24、句中作地點狀語。其先行詞是表示地點的名詞，如：place, school, factory, room, etc. This is the place where I was born. I live in the room where /in which he used to live. 注意：先行詞是"地點名詞"，定語從句可用where引導，還可用which或that引導，which/that 在從句中作主語或賓語。 比較: This is the factory where /in which he worked last year. （作狀語） 在高中的英

25、語學習中，我們都知道，where在定語從句中用作關系副詞，作狀語，先行詞一般指地點。例如：        This is the farm where we worked when we were young.        這就是我們年輕時候在此干活的農(nóng)場。        He met his wife in the park where they fel

26、l in love with each other.他是在這個公園遇到他的妻子，就是在那里，他們相愛了。        當然，在實際的英語學習中，where在定語從句中的用法遠不是這么簡單，相反，要復雜得多，為了讓學生對where在定語從句中的用法有更好的了解，下面我就對學生在學習過程中的重難點問題談一談它的用法。        一、某些在從句中充當?shù)攸c狀語的“介詞+關系詞”結構可以與where 互換，where=in/at/on/.w

27、hich        例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.這是我兩年前住過的房子。        This is the house where I lived two years ago.        在英語學習中，并不是單純地讓學生知道where的這種用法就可以了，很多時候學生要掌握

28、where和其他詞的用法的區(qū)別，才能更好地把握定語從句的用法。例如：           This is the factory where/in which you worked last year.        This is the factory that/which/you visited last year.       &

29、#160;在第一句中，關系詞在定語從句中作狀語，所以用關系副詞where或者in which，因為定語從句中worked 是個不及物動詞；而在第二句中，關系詞在定語從句中做賓語，因此用that或which，還可以省略，visited是個及物動詞。學生有時還會碰到更復雜的情況。例如：        Is this factory the one that/which/ you visited last year?        Is th

30、is factory the one where/in which you lived last year?        Is this the factory where/in which you lived last year?        這幾個句子比前面的兩個句子又復雜，除了要區(qū)別關系詞在定語句子作什么成分，還要注意到前兩個句子缺成分，所以要補充 the one。     &

31、#160;  二、where定語從句修飾抽象名詞        where引導的定語從句的先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如果定語從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，關系詞在定語從句中充當狀語時，常用where 引導，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中” 。為了幫助同學們熟悉這一語言現(xiàn)象，正確掌握這一知識點，對where定語從句修飾抽象名詞的用法作一歸納。     

32、   1) where定語從句修飾抽象名詞point        You reach a point where medicine cant help. 你已到了藥物無法治療的地步。        We have reached a point where a change is needed.我們到了必須改一改的地步。      &#

33、160; 注：有時point也可以是具體的地點：        The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故發(fā)生在A15與M1交叉的十字路口。        2) where定語從句修飾抽象名詞case        There are cases wh

34、ere the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情況下，mighty一詞可用作副詞。        3) where定語從句修飾抽象名詞activity        Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing.那些失聰?shù)某?/p>

35、功舞蹈演員們認為，舞蹈是一種讓人看勝過讓人聽的活動。        4) where定語從句修飾抽象名詞situation        He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。        5) 

36、;where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position        Its put me in a position where I cant afford to take the job. 這使我陷入一種不能接受此工作的境地。        6) where定語從句修飾抽象名詞job        She wants a job where her

37、management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能將她的管理技能派上用場的工作。        當然了，我們碰到這些詞作為先行詞時并不一定都用where，我們也要具體情況具體分析，他們只有在定語從句中作狀語時才用where。        例如：We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and tal

38、k.            A. which   B. that   C. where     D. when        -Do you have anything to say for yourself?        -Yes, t

39、heres one point _ we must insist on.        A. why    B. where    C. how     D. /        上面兩個句子雖然先行詞相同，都是point，但是由于他們在定語從句中充當?shù)某煞植煌晕覀冊谶x擇關系詞時就要區(qū)別對待。第一個句子中關系詞在句中作狀語，所以選擇w

40、here關系副詞；第二個句子中關系詞在定語從句中做賓語，所以選擇關系代詞that，which或者不填，這樣第一題選擇C，第二題選擇D。The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point where he can walk correctly and safely. I think you have got to the point where a change is needed, or you would fail.Government reports, legal papers and most business

41、letters are the main situations where English is used. He's got himself into a dangerous situation where he's likely to lose control of the plane.The small mountain village where we spent our holiday last month lies in what /the place which is now part of Hubei.This is the park which/that th

42、ey visited last year. （作賓語）Not having been there before, he simply had no idea about the place, which everyone says is worth visiting.Why 指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。先行詞為reason 時，可用for which指代；當關系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如：The reason why / for which / (that) he didn't attend the meeting was that he was

43、ill.I don't believe the reason (that/which) he gave me. （作賓語） Have you asked him the reason that may explain his success? （作主語）Ex.) He was late .That's because he got up late. .He got up late. That's why he was late.(表語從句) (the reason) why/for which he was late. (定語從句)當先行詞為way時，定語從句常用tha

44、t, in which,或不用引導。way后的定語從句 的引導詞不用時較多。但如果關系詞在句中作主語或賓語時，則用which或that 引導。如:This is the way (that) /in which I do such things.比較: Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you. 限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：1. 形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2. 語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that.3. 語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，

45、整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補充說明或描述的作用。This is the book I like best. 這就是我最喜歡的那本書。Beijing, which has been China's capital for more than 800 years , is rich in cultural and historic relics. 北京是中國八百年之久的古都，它有著豐富的文化和歷史遺產(chǎn)。4. 翻譯時，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結構）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。（見上句翻譯

46、）比較: He has a sister, who is a musician. He has a sister who is a musician.引導非限制性定語從句的關系代詞，指人時用who, whom, whose , 指物時用which , whose; 關系副詞when，where, why, etc.1. He studied hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life.2. Tom's father, who arrived just now, is a f

47、amous scientist.3. They set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.4. He was proud, which his brother never was. . 幾個易混淆的關系代詞的比較:that & which:在定語從句中，which 和that 在指代事物時，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣，這里介紹宜用that, 而不宜用which 的情況.先行詞為不定代詞,all,much,something,every

48、thing,anything,nothing,none,the one等, 1.We should do all that is useful to the people .2.There's nothing that can be said about it .3.Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday?先行詞被only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of等詞修飾時。1.The only thing that we could do was to wait.2.That's t

49、he very word that is wrongly used.The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works.You can take any (=whichever) seat that is free.I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them.比較 *This is one of the best novels that were published last year. *This is the only one of the best nove

50、ls that was published last year.先行詞是序數(shù)詞時或被序數(shù)詞修飾時。1.When we talk about Wuxi, the first that comes into mind is Tai Lake.2.This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term.先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時。1.This is the best that can be done now.2.The most important thing that should be done right now

51、 is how to stop him from going on.先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時宜用that. 如：1.The writer and his novel that you have just talked about is really well known .2.The rider and his bike that had run over an old woman were held up by the police.被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時. 1.Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin o

52、f water .Now you can see the two that are still alive .如果有兩個從句，其中一個關系代詞已用which ,另一個關系代詞宜用that，以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復。Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.疑問詞是who或which，關系代詞宜用that，以避免重復。1. Which is the book that you like best?2. Who is the man that is standing at the g

53、ate?主句是There be 結構，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that 作關系代詞. 如：1. There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.被修飾成分為表語時，或者關系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時,該關系代詞宜用that . 1. That's a good book that will help you a lot.2. My home village is no longer the place ( that ) it used to be .定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that 的情況:當關系代詞的前面有介詞時.

54、 1.A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.2.Is this the room in which Mr. White lives?在非限制性定語從句中. 1.Crusoe's dog, which was are now very old, became ill and died .2.More and more people are beginning to learn English, which is becoming very popular in our country.

55、 (which指代主句)在一個句子中有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞用了that, 另一個宜用which . 1. Let me show you the novel，that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 2. At the station I bought some magazines that might help me to pass the time on the train and which I could pass on to others when I finished them.當關

56、系代詞后面帶有插入語時. 1. Here's the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.先行詞本身是that, 宜用which . What's that which she is looking at?先行詞是those+復數(shù)名詞. A shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B) who & that:who 和 that 指代人時，有些情況宜用who, 而不宜用that 先行詞為

57、anyone, anybody, those, all, one, ones, they, he, people時. 如：1.The person I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works well.2.Anyone who (=Whoever) failed to come to the meeting yesterday must give his reason .3.Those who are not fit for their work should leave office at once4.I don

58、9;t like the ones (= those ) who talk big.5.Persons who are quarrelsome are despised.在There be 結構中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關系代詞who 指代人. 如：1.There is a gentleman who wants to see you .2.There are several students in our class who are still not sure about the use of attributive clauses.當先行詞有較長的后置定語時. 如：1. I met a

59、foreigner in the park yesterday afternoon who could speak Chinese very well.一個句子中帶有兩個定語從句，其中一個定語從句的關系代詞是that ,另一個則宜用who, 以免重復. 如：1. The student that was praised at yesterday's meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard .which與as引導非限制性定語從句的異同一、相同點兩者引導非限制性定語從句時，可指代主句中的部分或整個句子的內(nèi)容

60、，在從句中做主語，賓語或表語，位于主句之后有時可互換。The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted.He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner.二、不同點1. as可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。As is known to all, fish cant live without water.Air, as we know, is gas.2.在非限制性從句中，which后的be動詞不可省；as而后的be動詞可以

61、省略。She told me she won the match, which was a lie.The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure.3. which在非限制性定語從句做主語時可用各類動詞做謂語；而as做主語時，謂語常用系動詞，如be, seem, become等，一般不用其他行為動詞。He saw the girl, which delighted him.He didnt say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.4. as常用“正如”含義，

62、常用的結構有as we know（眾所周知）；as often happens（正如常發(fā)生的那樣）；as is often the case（情況常常如此）; as we all can see（正如我們看到的）; be announced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。這些結構常放句首，偶爾也可以放句中或句末。As is known to all, China is a developing country.Kate was late for school, as often happened.5. 在非限制性定

63、語從句中which指代主句中某一個單詞時，as不可以。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well.Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital.6. “介詞+關系代詞（介賓代物）”中關系代詞只能用which。The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches.  Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent.7. 從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式時，常用which。 He can write a letter in English, which I can not.Me