10濟(jì)南語(yǔ)法十 語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析

1、.語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)剖析考點(diǎn)一 動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的根本形式是“to動(dòng)詞原形，否認(rèn)形式是在動(dòng)詞不定式前加not。動(dòng)詞不定式具有動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，但沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)與的變化，在句中也不能作謂語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式及其賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)。1作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用動(dòng)名詞交換且常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把動(dòng)詞不定式后置，常構(gòu)成“Itbeadj.for sb.動(dòng)詞不定式。It's important for us to protect the environment.對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)保護(hù)環(huán)境很重要。2作表語(yǔ)My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。3作賓語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

2、足語(yǔ)1接to do作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。2接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。3在使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have和感官系動(dòng)詞 feel, look, smell等的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。4作定語(yǔ)I have a lot of homework to do.我有許

3、多家庭作業(yè)要做。動(dòng)詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，假如動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。The cat is easy to take care of.這只貓很容易照顧。5作狀語(yǔ)Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女兒。目的We're glad to meet you here.我們很快樂(lè)在這兒見(jiàn)到你。原因He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。結(jié)果6“疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)造疑問(wèn)詞who, what, when, where, how, which等后接動(dòng)詞不定

4、式，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He didn't know where to gowhere he should go他不知道去哪里。7含動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型與短語(yǔ)too. to.太而不能Why don't you do sth.？為什么不做某事？had better do sth.最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事，而不愿做某事make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事be made

5、to do sth.被迫做某事12019·湖北咸寧中考改編Remember some fruit when you come back.Abuying Bto buyCbuy Dbought22019·湖南長(zhǎng)沙中考改編The weather report says it's going to have a shower this afternoon.It does? We'd better now, just in case.Ato leave BleavingCleave Dleft32019·甘肅張掖中考My two cousins decid

6、e a business together.Ato start BstartingCstart Dstarted42019·黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dhelps52019·黑龍江綏化中考改編People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America.Ashaking Bto shakeCshake Dshook62019·貴州中考Pare

7、nts should always tell their kids with strangers.Anot to talk Bnot talkingCto not talk Dnot talk72019·四川成都中考改編I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up82019·四川達(dá)州中考I'd love to go hiking with you, but I have much homework If you don&

8、#39;t go, Ato do; so do I Bto do; nor will ICdoing; so will I Ddo; neither am I92019·四川樂(lè)山中考改編Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute. It's dangerous it while crossing the street.Aanswering BanswerCto answer Dto answering102019·廣東中考After long years of war, many people in Syria

9、 are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.Abuild Bnot buildCto build Dnot to build112019·貴州安順中考You should do what you can your English, Li Ming.OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu.Aimprove Bto improveCimproving Dimproved考點(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形­ing構(gòu)成，與如今分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)可有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，也有名詞的性質(zhì)，可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表

10、語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。1動(dòng)名詞常用構(gòu)造1只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, can't help doing, give up doing, make a living by doing, put off doing等。2haven.in doinghave fun in doing, have trouble in doing, have a hard time

11、 in doing, have problems/difficulty in doing等。3to doing 構(gòu)造，to是介詞be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。2有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)名詞，但表達(dá)的意義不同。stopforgetremembertryregret12019·預(yù)測(cè)Have you forgotten $1，000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tom

12、orrow?Aborrowing; to bringBto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringingDborrowing; bringing22019·黑龍江龍東中考改編Would you mind here?Of course not. I'll my cigarette at once.Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put outCnot to smoke; put offDnot to smoke; put out32019·預(yù)測(cè)Everyone thinks the problem i

13、s hard, but he has no difficulty the problem. Aworking outBhaving worked outCto have worked outDto work out 42019·湖北黃岡中考Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world.Yeah! Many people can hardly avoid products made in China.Ato buy BbuyingCbought Dbuy52019·預(yù)測(cè)My brother

14、 keeps me with my work.Ato help Bhelp Chelping Dhelped62019·預(yù)測(cè)I've enjoyed to talk with you.Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof being able72019·預(yù)測(cè)Mr. Wang came into the office without the door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to82019·重慶中考Dave is a good boy and he a

15、lways finishes his homework on time.Ado BdidCdoes Ddoing92019·重慶渝北中考There are some people soccer in the park.Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto play102019·江蘇常州中考Why doesn't the Surgeon stop lunch?Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto h

16、ave; saving Dhaving; saving112019·江蘇淮安中考The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harvest is very important.Ahelping Bto helpChelp Dhelped考點(diǎn)三 分詞1如今分詞由“動(dòng)詞原形­ing構(gòu)成，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)展意義，還具有形容詞的作用，可在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。The crying girl can't find her mother.那個(gè)正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。定語(yǔ)The s

17、tory is interesting.這個(gè)故事很有趣。表語(yǔ)I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通過(guò)考試。狀語(yǔ)2過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成意義，在句中作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。She is very tired.她很疲勞。表語(yǔ)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那個(gè)男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。定語(yǔ)She found the village greatly changed.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)村莊變化很大。

18、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)3如今分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。1如今分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)或者進(jìn)展。a sleeping child一個(gè)正在睡覺(jué)的孩子a developing country一個(gè)開(kāi)展中國(guó)家boiling water正在沸騰的水a(chǎn) surprising look一個(gè)令人吃驚的表情2過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)或者完成。the novel written by Lu Xun 魯迅寫(xiě)的那篇小說(shuō) a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉絲包圍的歌手fallen leaves 落葉a snow­covered city被雪覆蓋的城市12019·黑龍江龍東中考改編I saw Jim into that new building just