高中虛擬語氣的講解+練習+答案

1、虛擬語氣概念：虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實，所說的是一個條件，不一定是事實，或與事實相反。虛擬 語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。應用條件：在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現的情況時用虛擬語氣，表示主觀愿望或某種強烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣。即當一個人說話時欲強調其所說的話是基于自己的主觀想法，而不是根據客觀實際，就用虛擬語氣。在非真實條件狀語從句中的用法真實條件狀語從句與非真實條件狀語從句條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實條件句，一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設或實際可能性不大的情況，故 采用虛擬語氣。例

2、：If he doesn ' t hurry up, he will miss the bus.如果他不快點，他將錯過巴士。（真實） If he is free,he will ask me to tell stories.如果他是空閑的，他會要求我講故事。（真實）If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我馬上就會去。（非真實，虛擬語氣）If there were no air, people would die.如果沒有空氣，人就會死亡。（非真實，虛擬語氣）用法及動詞形式從句主句與現在事實相反If+ 主語 +did（be 動詞 were）主語

3、+should/would/ could/might+do與過去事實相反If+ 主語 +had done主語 +should/would/could/might+have done與將來事實相反1.If+ 主語 +did2.If+ 主語 +were to3.If+ 主語 +should1主語 +should/would/ could/might+do例句：1、表示與現在事實相反的情況：例：1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我會帶把傘。（事實：我不可能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I wo

4、uld tell you.如果我知道他的電話號碼，我就會告訴你。（事實：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果沒有水和空氣，地球上就不會有生物。（事實：地球上既有空氣也有水） 4.If I had any money with me, I could lendyou some.如果我?guī)уX了，我就會借給你些。（事實：沒帶錢）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通過考試了。（事實：沒有努力）2

5、、表示與過去事實相反的情況例：1. If I had gotten thereearlier, I should/could have met her.如果我早到那兒，我就會見到她。（事實：去晚了）2f he had taken myadvice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他聽我的勸告的話，就不會犯這樣的錯誤了。（事實：沒有聽我的話）3、 表示對將來情況的主觀推測，與將來事實相反例：1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk tohim.如果他哪天來這兒的話，我就跟他談談。

6、（事實：來的可能性很小）2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would not go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。（事實：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to bethere next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會告訴她這件事的始末。4、 有時，虛擬條件句中，結果主句和條件從句的謂語動作若不是同時發(fā)生時，虛擬語氣的形式應作相應的調整。 從句的動作與過去事實相反，而主句的動作與現在或現在正在發(fā)生的事實不符。女口：If I h

7、ad worked hard at school,I would be an engineer, too.如果我在學校學習刻苦的話，我現在也會成為一個工程師了If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現在就不會來這里了。 從句的動作與現在事實相反，而主句的動作與過去事實不符。女口：If he were free today, we would have sent himto Beijing.如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted

8、 her.要是他認識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。5、 當虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時，if可以省略，這時條件從句要用倒裝語序，即將were, should, had等詞置于句首，這種多用于書面語。女口：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答應去的話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Hadhe learnt about computers, we would have hired him to w

9、ork here.如果他懂一些電腦知識的話，我們已經聘用他來這里工作了。6、 非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表達出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數情況下，條件會暗含在短語中，如without , ., but for ,.等女口：But for his help, we would be working now.要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Without yourinstruction, I would not have made such great progress.要是沒有你的指導，我不會取得如此大的進步。We didnt kno

10、w his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。7、有時，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強烈的感情。 省略從句He would have finished it.他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam.你應該能通過這次考試了。 省略主句if I were at home now.要是我現在在家里該多好啊。If only I had got it.要是我得到它了該多好啊。、虛擬語氣的其他用法用在wish后

11、的賓語從句a、表示與現在事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞用過去式eg.I wish Ihad your brains.我希望我有你那樣的頭腦。（事實：我根本比不上你）b、表示與過去事實相反的愿望，謂語動詞：had+doneeg：I wish Ihad known the truth of the matter.我希望我原來知道這件事的真相。（事實：原來不知道）c 、表示將來難以實現的愿望，謂語動詞：should/would +動詞原形eg. I wish Ishould have a chance again.我希望我還能有一次這樣的機會。（事實：很難再有這樣的機會了）（注：if only 和as i

12、f/as though也有相同用法）用在目的狀語從句中1. 在for fear that, in case, lest引導的從句中，若用虛擬語氣時，從句謂語為：should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進入。Hestarted out earlier lest he should be late.他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。2、在so that, in order that所引導的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為：can /

13、 may / could / might / will / would /should + 動詞原形。eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。He read theletter carefully in order that he should not miss a word.他把信讀得很仔細以便不漏掉一個單詞。其他用法1、一想要(desire) 二寧愿(prefer) 三命令(order, command)四建議(advice. Suggest, propose) 五要求

14、(demand , require, request , desire , insist)中，無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態(tài)，從句的謂語動詞都用：“should + 動詞原形"或只用“動詞原形 ”。 女口：He suggested that we (should) take the teacher ' s advice.He insisted that we (should) take theteacher ' s advice.He demand that we (should) take the teacher ' s advice.He ordered th

15、at we (should) take theteacher ' s advice.insist如果翻譯成堅持某種動作才用虛擬語氣；翻譯成堅持某種觀點就不用虛擬語氣。女口： He insist he is a student.他堅持說他是個學生。這個語句表示的是事實，因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣，意為“暗示”則不用虛擬語氣。女口： His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含著他很擔心。這個句子本身是事實，因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。2、 表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.女口:nece

16、ssary 、important 、impossible 、natural 、strange、surprising 、 funny 、 right 、 wrong、 better 、 a pity 等。句型：It is.that +主語從句，從句的謂語動詞都要用should+原型 或只用動詞原型。3、 在even if, even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。(事實：他沒來

17、)Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.即使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實：華佗不在世)4、 在 whatever ，whichever ， whenever ， whoever, wherever ， however, no matter wh-word等引導的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結構為：指現在或將來：may +動詞原形。女口：Wewill finish it on time no matter what may happen.不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時完成。Wewill find him wherever

18、 he may be.無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。Iwill wait for him no matter how late he may come.不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。指過去：may +完成式 。女口 :You mustn ' t be proud whatever great progress you may have made.不管你取得了多么大的進步，你也不能驕傲。We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.不管他犯過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。5、 一般 would rather, had

19、 rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：過去：had +過去分詞 ； 現在： 過去時(be用 were ); 將來：過去時(be用 were )女口：I ' d rather you had seenthe film yesterday.我倒想你 昨天看過了這場電影。I ' d rather you were here now.我倒想你 現在在這兒。we d rather you went here tomorrow.我們倒想你 明天 去那兒6、 虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中，表示：“早該做某

20、事了”時，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結構為：It is (high / about) time that+主語+動詞的 過去式/ should +動詞原形，即從句用虛擬過去式。女口It is timethat I went to pick up my daughter at school.我該去學校接我的女丿 兒了。It is high time you should goto work.你早該上班了。7、簡單句中的虛擬語氣(1)說話時，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為：would / could / might/ should

21、 +動詞原形。女口：Would you mind my shutting the door?我把門關起來你介意嗎？You shouldalwayslearn this lesson by heart.你要把這個教訓牢記于心。I should agree with you.我應該同意你的觀點。(2)表示"祝愿”時，常用may+主語+動詞原形。女口：May you have a good journey!祝你一路順風。Mayyour youth last for ever!祝你青春永駐。(3)表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時，常用動詞原形。女口：Long live the Communis

22、t Party of China.中國共產黨萬歲。God bless us.上帝保佑。4（4） 習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。提出請求或邀請。 如:Could I use your bike now? you.見到你我會很高興d better ask your father first.Would you like to have a talk with us this evening?我可以用一下你的單車嗎？陳述自己的觀點或看法。I would try my best to help you.我會盡力幫助你。你最好先問一問你的父親你應該先全面調查一番提出問題。如:Do you expect he

23、 would tell us the truth?語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為：情態(tài)動詞+ have +至 U這里了。You should have returned it to him.省略的虛擬條件句型今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎？女口：I should glad to meet提出勸告或建議。如： You 'You should make a full investigation of it first.Do you think he could get here on time?你認為他能按時來嗎?你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎？ 表示對過去情況的責備時，常用虛擬過去分詞。女口：You sh

24、ould have got here earlier.你應該早就你應該把它還給他了。省略連詞if有時可將條件從句的連詞if省略，但此時應用倒裝句型，即將從句中的were, should, had等提到句首:Were I Tom,I would refuse.如果我是湯姆，我會拒絕I will go, should it be necessary.假若有必要，我會去的。Had it5#not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time.t, Hadn ' t而置于句首。 會來的。（=If I had time,有時省略if

25、）后提前的had不是助動詞：Had I time, I would come.假若我有時間,我省略條件句的主語和其后的動詞be若主從句主語一致，且謂語部分包含有動詞be，通?？蓪⒅髡Z和動詞be 省略：If repaired earlier,the tractorwouldnot have broken down.要是早點兒修一下，拖拉機就不會拋錨了。（=If it had been repaired earlier,）若不是天氣壞，我們就準時到達了【注】若條件從句為否定句,否定詞not應置于主語之后,而不能與 were, should,had 等縮略成 Weren't, Shouldn

26、省略 “ it+be ”If necessary, I would send more farm-hands to help you.女口果需要的話我會派更多的民工去幫你。（=lf it wasnecessary, I would ,）省略整個條件從句這樣的省略通常需要借助一定的上下文，might see her personally. It would be better.be better.）即省略條件從句后，所剩下的主句的意思在一定的上下文中意思是清楚的：我可以親自去看她，這樣好一些。（=,If I saw her personally, it would在含蓄條件句中的用法（1） 條件

27、暗含在短語中。如：We didn ' t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.我們不知道他的電話號碼，否則我們就會給他打電話。（暗含條件是 otherwise ） Without your help, we wouldn' t haveachieved so much.沒有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的成績。（暗含條件是介詞短語without your help ） Butfor your help, I would not have succeeded in the experi

28、ment.如果沒有你的幫助，我的實驗就不會成功。（暗含條件是 but for your help ） It would cause great trouble not to lubricate the bearing immediately.不立即潤滑軸承就會引起很大的故障。（暗含條件是not to lubricate the bearing immediately ）（2） 條件暗含在上下文中。如：I would not have done it that way.我是不會那么做的。（可能暗含if I were you ） I was busy that day.Otherwise I wo

29、uld have come to help you.我那天很忙。否則我會來幫你的。（可能暗含if I hadn ' t been so busy. ）#You might come to join us in the discussion.你可以參加我們的討論。（可能暗含if you wanted to ）I would have#bought the DVD player.have arrived earlier.我是會買下那臺影碟機的。（可能暗含 if I had the money ） But for the storm, we should要不是碰到暴雨，我們還會早些到。（可能

30、暗含if it had not been for the storm）。#語法復習一：動詞的語氣一一虛擬語氣練習、虛擬語氣1. If Iwhere he lived, Ia note to him.A. kn ew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. kn ew, would have sent2. If theyearlier tha n expected, theyhere now.A. had started, would beB.started, might beC. had started, would h

31、avebee nD.will start, might have bee n3. I didn' t know his telephone numberit, Ithen.A. Had I known, would ringhim upB.Should I know, would have rung himupC. If I kn ew; would ring himupD.Had I known; would have runghim up4. Mary is ill today. If she, sheabse nt from school.A. were not ill; wou

32、ld n' t beB. had bee n ill; would n't have bee nC. had bee n ill; should have bee nD. had n't bee n ill; could be5. Were I to do it, Iit some other way.A. will doB. would doC. would have doneD. were to do6. Ihim the an swerpossible, but I was so busy the n.A. could tell; if it hadbee nB.

33、 must have told; were itC. should have told;had it bee nD. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, weso much.A. won ' t achieveB. did n ' t achieveC. don't achieveD. would n't have achieved8. You did n't take his advice.his advice, yousuch a mistake.A. Had you take n;

34、 would n't have madeB. If you had take n; would makeC. Were you lo take; shouldn t have madeD.Have you taken; won 'have made9. We wish wewhat you did whe n we were at high school.A. didB. could have doneC. have done D. should do10. She wishes sheto the theatre last ni ght.A. wentB. would goC

35、. had goneD. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that hebe tall whe n he grows up.D. were able toD. might's refused to go there.D. be give nA. couldB. shouldC. would12. My sister advised me that Iaccept the in vitatio n.A. couldB. mustC. should13. He asks that hean opport un i

36、ty to expla in why heA. is give nB. must giveC. should giveDo you think of Wang Fan g's suggesti on that heMr. Li to the party?6A. will in viteB. have in vitedC. is in vitedD. i nvite#14. I in sisted that heat once.A. be goneB. goC. would goD. might go#D. won't knowD. have heardD. shall catc

37、h15. Li Ming in sisted that heany thi ng at all.A. had n ' t stole nB. shouldn ' t stealC. doesn ' t stealD. steal16. It is quite n atural that my coming late aga inthem very an gry.A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make17. He acted as if heeveryth ing in the world.A. knewB. knowsC. has

38、 known18. Read it aloud so that Iyou clearly.A. may hearB. will hearC. hear19. They got up early in order that theythey first train.A. caughtB. will catchC. might catch#C. wereD. should be21.1 am sorry that heA. arein such poor health.B. shall be22. That is a good book. Youit yesterday.A. could buy

39、B. should buyC. should have bought D. bought23. It is high time wehome.A. will goB. would goC. have gone D. went24.1' d rather that youhome.A. wentB. have gone25. If only Ito the lecture!A. liste nB. will liste n26. - If he, hethat food.A. was warn ed; would not takeC. would be warn ed; had not

40、take n27.I did n' t see your sister at the meet in g. If sheC. will goD.had goneA. has comeB. did comeC. came28. Without electricity, huma n lifequite differe nt today.A. isB. will beC. would have bee nC. am liste ningD. had liste ned-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.B. had bee n

41、warn ed; would not have take nD. would have bee n warn ed; had not take n, she would have met my brother.D. had comeD. would be29. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have give n B. might give C. may have give n30. If city no isesfrom in creas ing, peoplefrom now.D. may giveshout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 yearsA. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have toC. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to31. Mike's father, as well as his mother, i nsisted that hehome.A. stay