高中英語必修知識點

1、必修四 unit oneachieve tivvt. 完成；達到【經(jīng)典例句】By hard working we can achieve anything.只要我們努力，任何事情都能成功?！究键c聚焦】同義詞：accomplish v. 完成（任務(wù)等）；2）名詞：achievement 成就；功績entertainentertainment,movemovement,equipequipment,judgejudg(e)mentm,等。3）achieve的常見搭配：我的記憶卡achieve success獲得成功achieve victory取得勝利achieve ones purpose達到目

2、的achieve ones aim 實現(xiàn)目標(biāo)achieve a good result 得到好的結(jié)果achieve ones goal 實現(xiàn)某人的目標(biāo)2) mean的用法 Mean doing sth. 意味著做 Eg. Doing such a thing means wasting time. mean to do sth 打算做某事 eg. Do you mean to go without money? behave bheIv vt. & vi.舉動；舉止；行為表現(xiàn)【經(jīng)典例句】 He behaved with great courage in the battle.他在這次戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)

3、得非常勇敢?！究键c聚焦】 1) behavio(u)r n. 舉止；行為；表現(xiàn)；misbehavio(u)rn. 不良行為2)常用搭配：behave oneself 使舉止好；使舉止規(guī)矩worthwhile w：(h)wal adj.值得花時間（精力）的；有價值的【經(jīng)典例句】 It is worthwhile to visit the museum.參觀這個博物館是值得的。【考點聚焦】1)區(qū)別worthwhile與worth，worthy的用法：worthwhile意為“值得”，指花時間、精力、金錢等去做某事是值得的。如：It is worthwhile to read the book.=I

4、t is worthwhile reading the book.=Reading the book is worthwhile.這本書值得一讀。但不可以說The book is worthwhile reading.worth表示“價值”時，后接價值數(shù)量詞；當(dāng)表示“值得”時，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞（不能接不定式）,常用well修飾，不用very。如：This laptop is worth 10 000 yuan and it is well worth buying.這臺筆記本電腦值10 000元,很值得買。worthy表示“值得”時，常作表語，結(jié)構(gòu)為 worthy of sth.。如：I

5、t is a worthy cause and worthy of our hardworking.這是一份高尚的事業(yè)，值得我們努力。worthy后面還可接動名詞或不定式，結(jié)構(gòu)分別是worthy of being done和worthy to be done。如：The incident is worthy of being remembered.=The incident is worthy to be remembered.這次事件值得紀(jì)念。observe zv vt. 觀察；觀測；遵守【經(jīng)典例句】We should strictly observe the discipline.我們應(yīng)該

6、嚴(yán)格遵守紀(jì)律。1）同根詞：observer n. 觀察者observation n. 觀察；觀測2)observe的用法：They were observed to enter the bank/entering the bank.他們被注意著進了銀行。The boy observed what was going on between Tom and his sister.這個男孩注意著湯姆和他姐姐之間所發(fā)生的事。(3) 舉行（儀式等），慶祝（節(jié)日等） Do you observe Christmas Day_in your country? 你們國家的人慶祝圣誕節(jié)嗎？3)當(dāng)表示“看”時，o

7、bserve，watch，see，notice的區(qū)別：observe 相當(dāng)于watch carefully，指從不同的角度長時間地看并研究，尤其用于實驗或研究等場合，如observe the stars（觀察星星），observe the behavior of birds（觀察鳥類的習(xí)性）等；watch意為“看；觀看，特別留意、感興趣地看運動著的東西”。如 watch TV（看電視），watch a game（觀看比賽）等；7.work out Eg. I cant work out the meaning of the poem.(理解，說出) Things have worked out

8、 badly. （進行，發(fā)展） Work out his income （算出） Work out a plan （制定，擬定） argue a：gju： vi.爭論；辯論 vt. 爭論；說服【經(jīng)典例句】 He argued that the experiment could be done in another way.他認為這項實驗可以換一種方法做。2)argue 的用法：argue with sb.about/over sth.因為和爭辯,如：They are arguing with the officials over foreign policies.他們正就外交政策與官員們進行辯

9、論。argue+that 從句,如：We argued that we should be paid more.我們據(jù)理力爭我們應(yīng)該得到更高的薪水。argue for/against提出理由支持/反對，如：He argued against the use of animals in this experiment.他反對用動物做這個實驗。entertainment nttennt n.款待；娛樂；娛樂表演例句】 This is a serious novel，not an entertainment.這是一本嚴(yán)肅的小說，不是消遣讀物?！究键c聚焦】 1)同根詞：entertain v. 招待；

10、款待；使歡樂；給娛樂；entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的2)與entertainment相關(guān)的詞組：provide entertainment for. 為提供娛樂give an entertainment to sb.招待某人inspire nspa vt. 鼓舞；感動；激發(fā)；啟示【經(jīng)典例句】 We are all inspired by the heroic deeds of Dr. Bethune.白求恩的英雄事跡使我們大家深受鼓舞?！究键c聚焦】 1)名詞：inspiration n. 靈感；啟發(fā)；鼓舞人的事或人2)inspire的用法：His speech inspi

11、red us.他的發(fā)言鼓舞了我們。He inspired me to try again. 他鼓勵我再試一次。3)inspiring 和inspired 的區(qū)別：The students were all inspired by the inspiring song.學(xué)生們都被這首振奮人心的歌曲所鼓舞。communication kmjunken n. 通訊；通信；交流【經(jīng)典例句】 He has been in communication with his family.他一直與家里保持聯(lián)系。strike strak v. 打擊；打動n. 罷工；襲擊【經(jīng)典例句】 The union leade

12、rs called on a strike.工會領(lǐng)導(dǎo)號召罷工?！究键c聚焦】 1)同根詞：striker n. 罷工者；打擊者；striking adj.惹人注目的；打擊的；stike的過去式是struck，過去分詞是struck或stricken,現(xiàn)在分詞是striking。2)strike 的其他一些詞義：vt. 打；敲；擊；襲擊；擊中；劃火柴。如：I struck a match and held it to his cigarette.我劃著一根火柴伸到他的煙上。vt. 突然想起；某種想法突然出現(xiàn)；給人留下印象。如：An idea suddenly struck me.我忽然心生一計。c

13、onsideration knsdren n. 考慮；體諒【經(jīng)典例句】 After long consideration he agreed to their requests.考慮許久以后，他同意了他們的請求?！究键c聚焦】 1)同根詞：considerate adj.體貼人的；體諒人的；considered adj.經(jīng)過深思熟慮的；considering prep. 考慮到；就而論2）動詞 consider（vt.考慮；認為）的用法：后接名詞、動名詞、疑問詞+不定式或賓語從句。如：Im considering changing my job.我正考慮換個工作。 （接動名詞）take sth.

14、 into consideration 考慮到 Your teacher will take your recent illness into consideration when judging your paper.deliver dlv vt. 遞送；生（小孩）；發(fā)表（演說等）【經(jīng)典例句】 The professor delivered a lecture to us yesterday.教授昨天給我們作了個講座。【考點聚焦】 1)名詞：delivery n. 投遞;發(fā)送;分娩2)deliver作“生（小孩）”解時與bear的區(qū)別：She was delivered of a healt

15、hy boy.她生下一個健康的男孩兒。bear作“生育”解時是及物動詞，如：She bore (has borne)six children. 她生了六個孩子。短語巧記典句考點 either.or 不是就是【經(jīng)典例句】 She is either drunk or mad.她不是醉了就是瘋了。2)在either.or的句子中，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)就近的主語而定。如：Either you or your twin sister has broken the glass.不是你就是你的雙胞胎姐姐打碎了杯子。同類用法有：neither.nor 兩者都不neither.nor 的反義詞為both.an

16、d “兩者都”，謂語動詞則為復(fù)數(shù)。be determined to do sth.決心做某事【經(jīng)典例句】 We are determined to succeed this time.這次我們決心要取得成功?！究键c聚焦】 1)同義詞組：make up ones mind (to do sth.)2)determine vt. （使）決定；確定，其用法如下：determine+不定式，如：He determined to learn English.他決定學(xué)英語。determine+從句，如：He determined that he would leave.他決定離開。3)be determi

17、ned to do sth.短語中determined是形容詞，意為“堅定的”，還可作定語。如：Madame Curie was a determined woman and set a good example to us.居里夫人是一位堅強的女性，給我們樹立了好榜樣。argue for 提供支持的理由，為支持而辯論【經(jīng)典例句】 The workers argued for the right to strike.工人們?yōu)闋幦×T工的權(quán)力而辯論?！究键c聚焦】 1)常用搭配：argue with sb.about (over)sth.與某人辯論某事，如：They are arguing with

18、 their classmates about the solution to the problem.他們正和同班同學(xué)爭論這個難題的解決方案。2)注意argue后面的介詞for 和against分別表示不同的含義：Some people argue for free trade.一些人為支持自由貿(mào)易辯論。Some people argue against free trade.一些人為反對自由貿(mào)易辯論。look down upon/on 看不起，輕視例句】 I hope you dont look down upon/on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起這種工作。反義

19、詞組：think highly of2)以look為核心構(gòu)成的短語:care for 喜歡；照顧【經(jīng)典例句】 Do you care for art? 你喜歡藝術(shù)嗎？【考點聚焦】 1)care for作“照顧”解時,同義詞是look after，take care of。2)care for與 care about，take care，take care of的區(qū)別：care about指“ 擔(dān)心；關(guān)心”；take care 常用于口語中，意為“當(dāng)心；注意”；或用于分別時或信末時表示“保重”；take care of指“照顧；照料；愛護”；3)當(dāng)care for 表示“喜歡；想要”時，常用于疑

20、問句或否定句。as well as 除之外還；也；和【經(jīng)典例句】 It is important for you as well as for me.這對于你我同樣重要?！究键c聚焦】 掌握as well as 與 as well，as good as 的區(qū)別：as well as相當(dāng)于介詞，用于肯定句中，起連接作用。當(dāng)主語后面跟有as well as引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。如：The teacher as well as the students was excited.老師和學(xué)生一樣激動。as well指“也；又”，用于肯定句句尾，相當(dāng)于too，also。如：He

21、 is a scientist，but he is a poet as well.他是一個科學(xué)家，也是一個詩人。as good as 指“幾乎（是）；等于是”。如：He is as good as dead.他幾乎是半死不活了。devote.to 把奉獻給【經(jīng)典例句】He devoted all his life to the cause of education.他將全部生命獻給了教育事業(yè)。2)devote oneself to 獻身于；致力于；專心于；沉溺于。如：He devoted himself completely to work.他專心于工作。3) 1)devote oneself

22、 /sth. to (doing) sth.獻身于；致力于如:He has devoted his whole life to benefiting mankind.他把一生都獻給了為人類謀福利。He devoted his life to promoting/ the promotion of the world peace.他一生促進世界和平的發(fā)展devoted (adj.) 深愛的，全心全意的，忠實的a devoted friendShe is devoted to her family. 她深愛她的家庭。句子剖析拓展Only after her mother came to help

23、her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.她母親頭幾個月來幫過她的忙，這才使她得以開始自己的計劃。這是一個倒裝句。正常語序的陳述句應(yīng)當(dāng)是She was allowed to begin her project after her mother came to help her for the first few months.only位于句首修飾狀語時，主句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！癘nly + 狀語”開頭的句子要用倒裝 Eg. Only in this way can we learn English better

24、 Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那時我才知道我的錯誤 For forty years Jane Goodall has been helping the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals簡古多爾幫助世界上的其他人了解并尊重這些動物的生活。【剖析】 1）這個句子用的是現(xiàn)在完成進行時，其結(jié)構(gòu)是have（has）+ been+動詞-ing形式，它表示從過去某個時間開始的動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還會再進行下去。2)the rest of的后面可接可數(shù)名

25、詞，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，但要注意其后面接的詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，以便決定后面動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The rest of the money was given to his son.他把剩下的錢都給了他的兒子。The rest of the sailors were missing.其余的水手都失蹤了?！就卣埂勘嫖觯含F(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作開始于過去，到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了，并且對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了一定影響或結(jié)果。如：What have you done? 你干了什么？I have broken a teapot.我打碎了一把茶壺。而現(xiàn)在完成進行時更強調(diào)動作的持續(xù)性。如：What have you

26、 been doing? 你一直在做什么？I have been practising the piano.我一直在練彈鋼琴。I did not realize that my homework was to change my life.我沒有意識到我的作業(yè)竟會改變我的生活。【剖析】 這是一個以that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在這個賓語從句中，was to change屬于“be+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，此處表示“不可避免的、將要發(fā)生的、命中注定的事”。如：We were sure then that he was to become a very important person.我們當(dāng)時確信他會成為一位重

27、要人物?！就卣埂?）“be+動詞不定式”通常用來表示“計劃、打算（=be going to）”。如：The line is to be opened to traffic on National Day.這條鐵路將在國慶節(jié)通車。2）“be+動詞不定式”還可表示命令，意為“必須；不得不”。如：You are to do your homework before you watch TV.你得做完作業(yè)才能看電視。It struck me like lightening how difficult it must have been for a woman to get a medical trai

28、ning so long ago when womens education was always placed second to mens.這想法閃電般地劃過我的腦海，在那久遠的年代，當(dāng)婦女的教育總是次于男性的時候，一個女子去學(xué)醫(yī)一定是相當(dāng)困難的。1)在這個句子中，it是形式主語，真正的主語很長，是由how difficult引導(dǎo)的主語從句。2)how difficult引導(dǎo)的主語從句中還包含一個由when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾so long ago。3)“must have+過去分詞”用來表示對過去某種情況的推測，可能性極大，意為“一定，肯定發(fā)生了某事”，只用于肯定句，在疑問句或否定句中常

29、用can/could代替。如：Where can John have put the matches? He cant have thrown them away.約翰把火柴放到哪里去了？他不可能把火柴扔了。Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school.進一步閱讀使我了解到，是苦干、決心和善良的天性使她走進了醫(yī)學(xué)院的大門。1)本句主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：reading made me

30、 realize that.。是主語+謂語+賓語+賓補的結(jié)構(gòu)。2)that it was hard work and determination as well as her good nature that had got her into medical school是一個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作realize的賓語；從句中還有一個以it was that.開頭的強調(diào)句，被強調(diào)的部分是 hard work，determination 和good nature。3)further是形容詞far的比較級。far的另一個比較級是farther。farther意思是 “（距離、時間上）更遠”，

31、further意思是“更遠”或“（程度上）更進一步”。如：Can you go any farther? 你還走得動嗎？【拓展】 強調(diào)句型1)強調(diào)的成分有主語、賓語、賓補，還可以強調(diào)時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語或方式狀語，但不能強調(diào)句子的謂語動詞。連接詞均用that(強調(diào)人時可用who)，而不用when，where，why等。強調(diào)句在強調(diào)主語時，that/who后邊的動詞應(yīng)和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。如果強調(diào)疑問詞，應(yīng)該把疑問詞放在句首。如：It is my parents who/that are singing in the next room.在隔壁唱歌的是我父母。When is it

32、that well hold a meeting?我們開會是在什么時候？2)強調(diào)句中的謂語動詞be可以演變?yōu)閙ight be或must have been等形式。如：It might be tomorrow that we should arrive.我們大約在明天到達。3)not.until.句式的強調(diào)句形式為It wasnt until.that.。如：It was not until yesterday that I finished the book.直到昨天我才完成這本書。(原句為：I didnt finish the book until yesterday.)語法剖析主謂一致所謂

33、主謂一致就是在句子中，謂語動詞必須在人稱和數(shù)上和主語保持一致。主語一致的情況如果表示的是同一人或物、同一觀念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包是有營養(yǎng)的。兩個作主語的名詞或代詞由or，not only.but also.，either.or.，neither.nor.連接時,謂語動詞應(yīng)遵循就近原則，與后面那個主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。如：Neither you nor he is late.你和他都沒有遲到。由and連接兩個表示單數(shù)概念的名詞作主語，其主語有every，each，no，many a等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：

34、Every teacher and every student is interested in collecting.所有的老師和同學(xué)都對收藏感興趣。當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)的時候，即使其后有with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，like，besides，but，except，in addition to等詞引導(dǎo)的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：A woman with two children was seen walking down the street.有人看到一個婦女帶著兩個小孩朝街道那邊走去了。2）單一名詞作主語時的主謂一致

35、有些學(xué)科名詞，在形式上雖然是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但其實質(zhì)意義表示單數(shù)概念。它們作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：No news is good news.沒消息就是好消息。（諺語）表示偶數(shù)出現(xiàn)、且不能拆成單數(shù)的工具名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：My glasses are broken.我的眼鏡被打碎了。動名詞、不定式作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，從句作主語時也用單數(shù)形式。如：Seeing is believing.眼見為實。（百聞不如一見）有些集體名詞既可以表示單數(shù)，又可以表示復(fù)數(shù)，這類集體名詞作主語時，如果它們所表示的人或物是作為一個整體來理解，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果作為若干個體來理解，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Our class is diligent.我們班的同學(xué)都很刻苦。Our class are visiting the park next week.我們班下星期要參觀那個公園。其他情況的主謂一致1）the+形容詞“the+形容詞”表類別、一類人