高三英語主謂一致例詳細(xì)講解

1、果and所連接的兩個(gè)名詞指同一人物、同一事物、同一概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：Both bread and butter were sold out in that grocery. 那家食品炸貨店出售面包和黃油。 Zhang Hua and Li Ming are good students. (指不同的人) 張華和李明是好學(xué)生。 The writer and poethas由and和bothand連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，一般情況下謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但是如come. (指同一個(gè)人) 那位作家兼詩人來了。 Husband and wife forms a family. 夫妻組成

2、家庭。 注意:當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語為不可分的東西時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：A watch and chain was foundon the desk.桌子上發(fā)現(xiàn)了有表鏈的表。Bread and butter is nutritious.奶油面包有營養(yǎng)。War and peace isa constant theme in history .戰(zhàn)爭與和平是歷史上一個(gè)永恒的主題。2.由everyand every, eachand each, many aand many a , no .and no等構(gòu)成復(fù)合主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如:Each man and each woman is inv

3、ited.每個(gè)男人和女人都邀請了。No boy and no girlis there now.現(xiàn)在那里沒有一個(gè)男孩和女孩。Many a boy and many a girlhas been invited.很多男孩和女孩都被邀請了。In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.在中國每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有接受教育的權(quán)利。3.由or, not only. but also., notbut, either.or, neither.nor，whetheror連接主語時(shí),謂語與靠近的主語一致，即就近一致的原則

4、。例如： He or his brothers were to blame .應(yīng)該怪他或他的弟兄們。 Either you or I ammad.要么是你要么是我瘋了。 Neither you nor heis right.你和它都不對。 Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me. 不僅老師，而且他的家人都對我很友好。4.當(dāng)主語后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well a

5、s, rather than等詞時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)前面的主語變化。例如： All but one werehere just now. 除了一個(gè)，剛才其他所有的（人）都在這里。 A library with five thousand books is offeredto the nation. 有著五千本書的一個(gè)圖書館提供給了國家。 She as well as the other teachers is going to Nanjing. 她和其他老師都要去南京。 A farmer together with some workers is about to help us. 一個(gè)農(nóng)民和幾個(gè)

6、工人即將來幫助我們。5.某些詞結(jié)尾字母為s,但并不是復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: physics, maths , economics (經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)), politics, news作主語時(shí)用單數(shù)形式。means, works(著作)單復(fù)同形。例如： Physics isvery important.物理是很重要的。 Every means has been tried.每一種方法都已經(jīng)試過了。 Every possible means has been used to prevent air pollution ,but the sky is still not clear . 6.當(dāng)一些由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示衣

7、物或工具的名稱作主語時(shí),謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如: trousers , shorts, shoes, glasses, goods, clothes, chopsticks, scissors.如果這些詞由a pair, piece, kind , type ,box + of修飾,則用單數(shù)形式.例如： My trousersarewhite and his clothes are black. 我的褲子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。 A pair of shoesis lying here. 一雙鞋放在那里。 These kinds of glasses arepopular. (kinds為復(fù)數(shù)

8、時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)) 這幾種眼鏡很流行。7.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如sheep, deer等做主語時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)主語的單復(fù)數(shù)意義確定謂語動(dòng)詞的形式。例如： A deerisover there .那兒有一只鹿。 Some deerareover there .那兒有幾只鹿。8.population做主語時(shí)，通?？醋鲉螖?shù)，若population前有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)修飾時(shí)，則句子謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The population in China is very large and 80% of the population livein rural areas . 中國人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。

9、9.復(fù)數(shù)名詞,如: people, police, public ,crew ,cattle作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： The policelike to help people.警察樂于助人。 People are talking aboutthe news .人們都在談?wù)撃莿t新聞 . The cattle are grazing in the fields .牛在地里吃草。10.集體名詞,如:family ,crowd ,class ,team ,audience ,committee ,club, group ,enemy , population, government等,如

10、把它們當(dāng)作整體看,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如把它們當(dāng)作若干個(gè)體來看,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： Our family is very happy.我們的家庭很幸福。 My family are all football fans.我的家人都是足球迷。 11.表示某一國人或某一民族、種族的人的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： The Chinese werea highly civilized people long before the Europeans .中國人早于歐洲人很久以前就是一個(gè)高度文明的民族。12.表示距離,時(shí)間,長度,價(jià)值,金額,重量等的詞,用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例如： T

11、wo thousand dollars is a large sum.兩千美圓是一大筆錢。 Two hours isenough.兩個(gè)小時(shí)就足夠了。 但是算式中表示數(shù)字的主語一般視為單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式.例如: Five times six makes (make ) thirty . 5乘6等于30. Five plus /and five is / are ten . 5加5等于10 . Ten minus six leaves four . 10減 6等于 4 . Twenty-five divided by five equalsfive . 25除以5等于5 .13.“more

12、 than one+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);“more than two, three .+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： More than one boy has been there .不止一個(gè)孩子去過那里。 More than one student is going to be a lawyer in the future .將來不止一個(gè)學(xué)生要當(dāng)律師。 More than two boys have been there .不止兩個(gè)孩子去過那里。14. the +形容詞，表示一類人 ，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若the +形容詞，表示一類物 ，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如： The r

13、ichare for the decision but the poor areagainst it. 有錢人支持這個(gè)決定，但是窮人反對它。 The green is hers. 這件綠色的東西是她的。 The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的. The best isyet to come . 最好的事情是會到來的.15.關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)該與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如： I , whoamonly a common worker , will retire in two years.只是個(gè)普通工人的我兩

14、年后就要退休了。但是one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，而the ( only/very ) one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+從句，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。例如： This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked .這是所問到的最有趣的問題之一。 Sarah is the only one of the girls who plays in the band . Hes the only one of the boys who was praised. Hes one of the boys wh

15、o were praised.16.以what，who ,which等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞視具體情況而定。例如： Who isa doctor ? Whatison the table ? Whoare league members ? What are on the table ? (what表復(fù)念，故用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞) Whichismy seat ? Which areour seats ?17.由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式,但若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式,則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如: What you saidis quite to the point . 你說到點(diǎn)子上去

16、了. What we need are qualified teachers .我們需要的是合格的教師. Whatsay and think areno business of his .(=What I say and what I think為具有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)) 我所說的和想的不管他的事. What I miss badly arethose happy hours I spent together with them . 比較: What she says and does do not agree . (“說”和“做”是兩件事) What she says and does do

17、es not matter much . (“說”和“做”為一件事,總指其行為) 注意:由and連接兩個(gè)what從句作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù).例如: What he said and what he did were different .他言行不一致.18.whoever,whatever和whichever作主語引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,只能作單數(shù),從句的謂語自然也采用單數(shù)形式.例如: Whatever is left is taken away .凡是剩下的都被拿走了. Whichever of us fulfills his task first is asked to lend a help

18、ing hand to others .我們之中無論誰先完成自己的任務(wù),都被要求去幫助別人.19.which of+名詞/代詞(必須是復(fù)數(shù))作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)which短語表示的意義而定.例如: Which of you has gota computer ?你們中的哪一位有電腦? Which of the boys is /are Young Pioneers ?哪一個(gè)/哪幾個(gè)男孩是少先隊(duì)員? 但是“which of the two+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： Which of those / the two boys is more diligent

19、?那些/那兩個(gè)孩子中哪一個(gè)更勤奮?20.that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語時(shí)(that不可省去),主句謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如; That she is still alive isa consolation .她還活著,這是一種安慰.21.when ,where how ,why等引導(dǎo)的從句也可以作主語,這時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一般采用單數(shù)形式.例如: When and where this took placeis still unknown.這事在何時(shí)何地發(fā)生至今還不清楚. Why he shot herisnt important . 他為什么開槍打他并不重要.22.在it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，who或that

20、后的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如： Its I who amto blame . 該怪罪的是我。 It is you whoare to blame .該怪罪的是你。It is the people who / that arereally powerful . 真正強(qiáng)大是人民。23.as作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，常和such / the same /as /so連用，as的數(shù)可為單數(shù)，也可為復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。as引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中的先行詞保持一致。例如： Don't trust such men / a man as prais

21、e /praises you to your face .不要相信當(dāng)面奉承你的人。 There are so many tools as are needed . 凡是需要的工具都有了。24.as單獨(dú)用作關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，通常說明整個(gè)句子（用主句作先行詞），作主語的as一般用作單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式，此時(shí)as可以用which代替。例如： He came very early this morning , as was usual .他像往常一樣，今天早晨照例來得很早。 As（不能用which）was expected, he performed the task with success.正如眾

22、人所望，他成功地完成了任務(wù)。25.由There ,Here引起的句子，主語又不止一個(gè)，其謂語動(dòng)詞通常和鄰近的那個(gè)詞保持一致。例如： There is a knife and some apples here . Here are some envelopes and paper .26.在倒裝句中，與后面的主語一致。例如： South of the city is a large stadium . In front of the girlare some flowers . On the wall hang two large portraits. 在墻上，掛著兩幅巨大的肖像。27.“分?jǐn)?shù)或

23、百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其中的名詞.例如：Threefourths of the surface of the earth issea.四分之三的地球表面是海洋。 Two-thirds of the youth supportthe plan.三分之二的年輕人支持這個(gè)計(jì)劃。 Tens of tons of waste goesinto the air with the smoke every day.每天得有數(shù)十噸的廢物隨著煙霧排放到空中。28.“a/an +單數(shù)名詞+and half” 或 “a +單數(shù)名詞+ or two”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù);“o

24、ne and a half +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 ”或 “one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。例如: A year and a half has passed. 已過了一年半了. One and a half tons of riceare sold . 一噸半的大米被賣完了. One or two days are enough for this work . 干這活一兩天就夠了 。 A day or twois enough for this work. 干這活一兩天就夠了 。29.代詞none和neither做主語時(shí)，有時(shí)作單數(shù)看待，有時(shí)作復(fù)數(shù)看待，主要根據(jù)說話人的意思來

25、決定。但是代表不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，只作單數(shù)。neither作形容詞時(shí)與單數(shù)名詞連用，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： None of them has / have arrived yet . 他們一個(gè)人也沒有到。 None of this money is mine. 這錢沒有一點(diǎn)是我的 。 Neither of the students know / knows the answer. 這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不知道答案。 Neither statementwas true . 這兩個(gè)陳述都不真實(shí)。30.the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的中心詞是短語中的名詞，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；而“the number

26、of +名詞”的中心詞是number，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： A number of students were absent yesterday. 許多學(xué)生昨天缺席。 The number of pages in this book isnine hundred . 本書的頁數(shù)是900。31. 由every, any, some, no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞everyone , everybody, everything，anyone, anybody, anything，someone, somebody, something，no one , nobody, nothing以及each ,

27、every ,either , little, much等+名詞 或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 例如： Much has been done to solve the traffic problem.已經(jīng)為解決交通問題做了許多工作。 When he came back ,nothingwasthe same as before .他回來時(shí)，一切都和以前不一樣了。 Everyone in the class was surprised at the news. Listen ,someone is knocking at the door.32“all (of ),half (of ),

28、some (of )以及the rest（of），most (of ), the remainder , plenty of，a part of ,a lot of，lots of等+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于它們所修飾的名詞。例如： Half of the food has been sentto that area. 一半的食物背送往那個(gè)地方。 Half of the students have seen the film. 一半的學(xué)生看過這個(gè)電影。Most of his spare time was spent in reading. 這食物中有一半不能吃。 Most of

29、the houses in this town are new . 這座城市的大多數(shù)房子是新的。 The rest of the money was locked in the safe . 剩余的錢鎖在保險(xiǎn)箱的。 The rest of the peasants were still poor . 其余的農(nóng)民還很窮。33.“this kind of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；“ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ of this kind”做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如： This kind of apples is importedfrom America.這種蘋果是從美國進(jìn)口的。 Plants of

30、 this kind are growing in tropical areas .這種植物生長在熱帶地區(qū)。34.the majority of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示“大多數(shù)”,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；”the majority of +集體名詞”,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可.例如: The majority of doctorsbelieve that smoking is harmful to health.大多數(shù)醫(yī)生都認(rèn)為吸煙有害健康. The majority of the population in the country lives / livein cities .這個(gè)國家的大部分人口都住在城

31、市里. The majority of the committee has / have arrived .委員會的大部分成員都到達(dá)了. 但是the majority單獨(dú)做主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)皆可.例如: The majorityis / are in favor of the plan. 大多數(shù)人贊成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃. The majority is / are doingits / their best . 大多數(shù)人都盡全力.35.a good (great ,large ,small) amount of +不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；large / small amounts of +不可

32、數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；the amount of+不可數(shù)名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如: Only a small amount of water was left .Large amounts of money were spenton the project . (不用was ) The amount of work astonishes her.36a quantity of,( large) quantities of修飾名詞作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而。例如：A quantity of baskets wason sale .有一批籃子待售.Quantiti

33、es of food wereon the table. 桌上有大量的食物.Large quantities of water were wasted.大量的水浪費(fèi)掉了.37.a variety of作a number of different things解時(shí),后面要接非人稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,此短語用作主語時(shí)應(yīng)作復(fù)數(shù)對待;而當(dāng)a variety of指a kind of時(shí),其復(fù)數(shù)形式為varieties of ,后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;the variety of+名詞作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).例如:A good variety of flowers wereon show there.

34、那里展出了各式各樣的花 。There area variety of apples in the shop. 商店里有各種各樣的蘋果。There is a variety of fruit in the shop. 商店里有各種各樣的水果。A variety of methods are used by the teacher to present new words .老師采用了各種各樣的教學(xué)方法教授新單詞。The variety of goods on sale in that shop issurprising .那個(gè)商店貨物的品種多的驚人。Therearenumerous varieties of fish in the lake .這個(gè)湖里有無數(shù)種類的魚。Varieties of roses are g