項(xiàng)目管理全英文試題有翻譯

1、一、名詞解釋（5*2=10）PMI, Project Management Institute, 美國項(xiàng)目管理學(xué)會PMP, Project Management Professional, 項(xiàng)目管理專業(yè)人員認(rèn)證PMBOK, Project Management Body of Knowledge, 項(xiàng)目管理知識體系PLC, project life cycle, 項(xiàng)目生命周期RFP, Request for proposal, 需求建議書WBS, Work Breakdown Structure, 工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)CPM, Critical path method, 關(guān)鍵路徑法PERT, 

2、;   Project Evaluation and Review Technique, 計(jì)劃評審技術(shù)AOA, Activity-On-Arrow, 雙代號網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖法AON, Activity-on-node, 單代號網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖CPI, Cost Performance Index, 成本績效指數(shù) (掙值(EV)/實(shí)際成本(AC)RAM, Responsibility Assignment Matrix, 職責(zé)分配矩陣P&L, Profit and loss損益VAT, value-

3、added tax, 加值稅、增值稅 QA, Quality Assurance, 質(zhì)量保障二、填空題（5*2=10）。1. A project is an endeavour to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set of interrelated tasks and the effective utilization of resources. 1.項(xiàng)目是努力完成一個(gè)特定的目標(biāo)，通過一套獨(dú)特的相互關(guān)聯(lián)的任務(wù)和資源的有效利用。2. A project manager is responsible for

4、 planning the work and then work the plan.項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理負(fù)責(zé)規(guī)劃工作，然后工作計(jì)劃。3. The project life cycle has four phases: initiating, planning, performing, and closing the project.項(xiàng)目生命周期有四個(gè)階段 啟動、 規(guī)劃、 執(zhí)行和結(jié)束項(xiàng)目。4. Project selection involves evaluating potential projects and then deciding which should move forward to be i

5、mplemented.項(xiàng)目選擇涉及潛在項(xiàng)目評估，然后決定，應(yīng)該向前來實(shí)施。5. WBS facilitates evaluation of cost, time, and technical performance of the organization on a project. WBS 促進(jìn)評估的成本、 時(shí)間和上一個(gè)項(xiàng)目組織的技術(shù)性能。6. The project network is developed from the information collected for the WBS and is a graphic flow chart of the project job pla

6、n. 項(xiàng)目開發(fā)從 WBS 收集的信息和網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)圖形的流程圖的項(xiàng)目工作計(jì)劃。7. In the context of projects, risk is an uncertain event and condition that, if it occurs, has a positive and negative effect on project objectives. 在項(xiàng)目范圍內(nèi)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是不確定的事件和條件，如果它發(fā)生，已經(jīng)對項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)的積極和消極的影響。8. Milestones are significant project events that mark major accompli

7、shments. 里程碑是重大項(xiàng)目事件標(biāo)記的主要成就。9. Two important factors affecting recruitment are the importance of the project and the management structure being used to complete the project.有兩個(gè)重要影響因素招聘有項(xiàng)目和管理結(jié)構(gòu)被用來完成這項(xiàng)工程的重要性10. The most common method for shortening project time is to assign additional staff and equipme

8、nt to activities.最常用的方法，縮短項(xiàng)目時(shí)間是將額外的工作人員和設(shè)備分配給活動三選擇題（15*2=30）1. Communications is best described as:A. an exchange of information.B. providing written or oral directions.C. consists of senders and receiversD. effective listening.E. All of the aboveANS: E2. The following types of costs are relevant to

9、 making a financial decision except:A. opportunity costsB. direct costsC. sunk costD. unavoidable costsE. None of the aboveANS: C3. Time management is the allocation of time in a project's life cycle through the process of:A. PlanningB. Estimating.C. Scheduling.D. ControllingE. All of the above.

10、ANS: E4. A project element which lies between two events is called: 位于兩個(gè)事件之間的項(xiàng)目元素被稱為A. An activity.B. A critical path method.C. A slack milestone.D. A timing slot.E. A calendar completion point.ANS: A5. A comprehensive definition of scope management would be: 一個(gè)全面的定義的范圍管理將是 A. Managing a project in

11、terms of its objective through the concept, development, implementation, and termination phases of a project.管理項(xiàng)目以及項(xiàng)目的概念、 發(fā)展、 實(shí)施和終止階段通過其目的。B. Approval of the scope baseline.C. Approval of the detailed project charter.D. Configuration control.E. Approved detailed planning including budgets, resource

12、allocation, linear responsibility charts and management sponsorship.ANS: A6. Pure Risk differs from Business Risks because Pure Risk's _ .A. include chances of both profit or loss associated with the business.B. include chances of loss and no chances for profit associated with the business. 包括丟失

13、的可能性和相關(guān)業(yè)務(wù)的利潤沒有機(jī)會C. must incur personal loss with business liability. 必須與業(yè)務(wù)責(zé)任招致個(gè)人損失。D. must incur business liability associated with loss of pure profit.E. B and CANS: BANS: D7. The most common types of schedules are Gantt charts, milestone charts, line of balance, and:A. Networks.B. Time phased even

14、ts.C. Calendar integrated activities.D. A and C only.E. B and C only.ANS: A8. In preparing a good project definition, experienced project managers will:A. Concentrate mainly on the end product rather than costs or benefits. These come later.B. Realize that only the "tip of the iceberg" may

15、 be showing. As a project manager, you must get beneath it.C. Understand that a project definition/plan is a dynamic rather than static tool, and thus subject to change.D. Try to convert objectives into quantifiable terms.E. All of the aboveANS: E9. Since risk is associated with most projects, the b

16、est course of action is to:A. cover all project risks by buying appropriate insuranceB. ignore the risks, since nothing can be done about them and move forward with the project in an expeditious manner.C. avoid projects with clear and present risksD. eliminate all known risks prior to the execution

17、phase of the projectE. identify various risks and implement actions to mitigate their potential impactANS: E10. Risk management allows the project manager and the project team to:A. eliminate most risks during the planning phase of the projectB. identify project risksC. identify impacts of various r

18、isksD. plan suitable responsesE. B, C and D onlyANS: E11. Which of the following types of cost are relevant to making financial decisions:A. sunk costB. opportunity costC. material costD. A and C onlyE. B and C onlyANS: E12. Which of the following is often overlooked in achieving effective communica

19、tion?A. speaking clearlyB. listeningC. interpretingD. maintaining eye contactE. manipulating the conversationANS: B13. The highest degrees of project risk and uncertainty are associated with the following phase of the project:A. conceptualB. executionC. cut-overD. post project evaluationE. A and D o

20、nlyANS: A14. The auditing function that provides feedback about the quality of output is referred to as:A. quality control.B. quality planning.C. quality assurance.D. quality improvementE. All of the above.ANS: C15. The sending or conveying of information from one place to another is the process ofA

21、. NetworkingB. TransmittingC. InteractingD. PromotingE. InterfacingANS: B16. Project life cycles provide a better means of measurement of progress and control. The four phases of a project are conceptual development,_, _, and _.A. Preliminary planning, detail planning, closeoutB. Implementation, rep

22、orting, terminationC. Development, implementation, terminationD. Execution, reporting, finishingE. Implementation, termination, post-audit reviewANS: C17. All of the following are categories of a milestone in a schedule except:A. End date.B. Contract dates.C. Key events scheduled.D. Imposed dates.E.

23、 Task duration.ANS: E18. Uncertainty refers to a situation where:A. the outcomes are known but their probabilities are highB. the outcomes and their probabilities are knownC. neither the outcomes nor their probabilities are knownD. states of nature can change at any timeE. probabilities of various s

24、tates of nature can change at any timeANS: C19. Excessive flexibility in specifying requirements will _ the likelihood of time overruns.A. Reduce.B. Eliminate.C. DoubleD. IncreaseE. Not affectANS: D20. Which of the following is closet to Deming's definition of Quality:A. conformance to requireme

25、nts.B. fitness for use.C. continuous improvement of products and services.D. customer focus.E. All of the above.ANS: C21. The key purpose of project control is to:A. Plan ahead for uncertainties.B. Generate status reports.C. Keep the project on track.D. Develop the project road map.E. All of the abo

26、ve.ANS: C22. Which of the following constitute Juran's "quality trilogy":A. planning, inspection, control.B. planning, improvement, control.C. planning, organization, control.D. product, price, customer.E. design, build, deliver.ANS: B23. Most project (and non-project) managers prefer

27、_ communications.A. OralB. WrittenC. UpwardD. DownwardE. LateralANS: A24. On a precedence diagram, the arrow between two boxes is called:A. An activity.B. A constraint.C. An event.D. The critical path.E. None of above.ANS: B25. Quality control charts show a characteristic of the product or service a

28、gainst:A. the specification limits.B. customer requirements.C. control limits based on three standard deviations in each direction.D. control limits based on six standard deviations in each direction.E. A and D onlyANS: C26. In the arrow diagramming method (ADM), _ do not consume time or resources.A

29、. Events.B. Dummy ActivitiesC. Slack elements.D. B and C only.E. All of the above.ANS: A27. Activities with zero time duration are referred to as:A. Critical path activites.B. Noncritical path activities.C. Slack time activities.D. DummiesE. None of above.ANS: D28. In the PDM, common constraints inc

30、lude:A. Start-to-startB. Finish-to-startC. Finish-to-finishD. B and C onlyE. A, B, and C.ANS: E29. Non-verbal communication includes:A. Body movementB. GesturesC. Facial expressionsD. The way we move our handsE. All of the aboveANS: E30. Which one of the following is not an acquisition method?A. adv

31、ertisingB. invitationC. negotiationD. purchaseE. all are acquisition methodsANS: A31. For communication to occur, there must be:A. Two or more people involvedB. the transmittal of informationC. a communication processD. All of the aboveE. B and C onlyANS: D32. Job continuity would be an example of _

32、 in Maslow's hierarchy of needs.A. Self-actualizationB. EsteemC. PhysiologicalD. BelongingE. SafetyANS: E四、簡單題（2*10=20）。1. What are the major characteristics of a project? 項(xiàng)目的主要特點(diǎn)有哪些1).An established objective. 既定的目標(biāo)2).A defined life span with a beginning and an end. 定義的壽命，有開始和結(jié)束3).Usually, the

33、involvement of several departments and professionals. 通常情況下，幾個(gè)部門及專業(yè)人士參與。4).Typically, doing something that has never been done before. 通常情況下，做一些從來沒有過5).Specific time, cost, and performance requirements. 具體的時(shí)間、 成本和性能要求。2. What factors do you consider when choosing project management structure? At least five factors. 選擇項(xiàng)目管理結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，你考慮什么