專題08 語法無憂 句法在手（學生版）-【中考手冊】2022年中考英語知識總梳理（牛津上海版）.docx

1、專題08語法無憂句法在手旬 于 成 分i胃宙 賓語補等獨立成分=> 左型修飾 成分技功育巨疑問旬祈使旬L、知識梳理【知識梳理】感嘆句專題梳理1、感嘆句句型【句型一】What + （a /an） +形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語!What a clever boy he is!（他是個）多么聰明的男孩啊！What an interesting story it is!（這是個）多么有趣的故事啊!What fine weather it is!多好的天氣啊！What beautiful flowers they are!（它們是）多么漂亮的花啊!【批注】在感嘆句中,What a/an常用來修飾單數(shù)

2、可數(shù)名詞，若其前面的形容詞為元音開頭，則用an。 用來表示讓步，引導讓步狀語從句的常用從屬連詞有though、although(雖然但是)等。要注意的是，英 語和漢語的連詞運用情況不同，漢語常用成對連詞，如雖然但是、因為所以，但在英語中 只使用其中一個，用了 although就不用but,用了 but就不用althougho兩者不能同時使用。如：He is old and weak, but he works hardHe works hard though he is old and weak.Though he is old and weak, he works hard.10. 比較狀語

3、從句用來表示比較，它常省略與主句重復的部分。如:The boy is as tall as his father now.He can't play football as well as he used to.11. 方式狀語從句常用連詞是asif和asthough引導。這兩個短語的用法相同，意思是好像，仿佛，引導方式狀語從句時有 時用虛擬語氣，表示可能性很小或不符合實際事實的情況。asif和asthough從句可用省略形式，后面常接 不定式、分詞、形容詞和介詞短語。如:The Little boy talks as if he were a man.The woman looks

4、here and there as if (she is) looking for something.引導方式狀語從句的連詞還有the way, as等。如：You'd better change the wayyou speak to your parents.Man needs air as fish needs water.霸1優(yōu)選提升題1. （2022上海黃，甫模）Life on the Earth will become uneasypopulation growth is under control.A. althoughB. becauseC. unlessD. whe

5、n2. （2022上海青浦一模）My father didn't buy a new computerhis old one totally broke down.A. untilB. sinceC. afterD. when3. （2022.上海虹口.模）You can't cookyou promise not to make a mess in the kitchen.A. afterB. unlessC. ifD. since4. （2022上海虹口 一模）If younervous before exams, you can take a deep breath an

6、d calmyourself down.A. is gettingB. will getC. getD. got5. （2022上海浦東新一模）It won't be longwe leave our junior middle school.A. becauseB. untilC. beforeD. though6. （2022上海虹 口 .模）Our monitor has just gone to the gym, but I don't knowhe will come back.A. how fastB. how farC. how longD. how soon7.

7、 （2022-Jb海浦東新一模）Seven told me that hewriting the report a week before.A. finishB. finishesC. finishingD. had finished8. （2022上海浦東新一模）I've heard that Toma visit to his disabled father twice a week.A. paysB. paidC. will payD. has paid9. （2022上海長寧一模）They are eagerto knowthey may keep the book from

8、the new library.A. how longB. how fastC. how soonD. how often10. （2022上海黃浦一模）pity it is that you have missed such a wonderful film!A. WhatB. What aC. HowD. How a11. （2022上海閔行一模）changeable weather it was in the city last summer!A. HowB. What aC. What anD. What12. （2022.上海楊甫模） amazing car! Is it power

9、ed by gasoline or electricity?A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. What an13. （2022上海浦東新一模）important tool WeChat is in our daily life today!A.How anB.HowC.WhatanD.What14. （2022上海普§它模） amazing the cake looked! My aunt spent a whole afternoon making it.A.How anB.WhatC.WhatanD.How15. （2022上海虹口 .模）Don,t jump t

10、o conclusions, you may make a mistake.A.andB.soC.orD.for16. （2022上海閔彳亍.一模）Don't be afraid to make mistakes,you'll never really learn the language.A. andB. orC. soD. but17. （2022上海長寧一模）Go on a diet,you will not lose your weight.A. andB. soC. butD. or18. （2022.上海青'甫一模）Let's take a shor

11、t walk along the road after dinner and enjoy the cool wind,?.A. shall weB. will youC. can weD. won't you19. （2022上海青浦一模）一will it be from your new home to your school?About ten minutes' walk.A. How longB. How soonC. How muchD. How far20. （2022上海浦東新一模）一is Qingpu Middle school from your home?Ab

12、out an hour's drive.A. How longB. How soonC. How farD. How often21. （2022上海楊浦一模）It was a cold winter's night. Itbut it was very windy.A. isn't rainingB. didn't rainC. doesn't rainD. wasn't rainingwhat是用來修飾復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。但有些丕可數(shù).名.詞.$0 r.k1?.P.yjXebreakfastz luneh,當前面有形容詞.修飾2使.抽.

13、象名詞.具體化時z.則要.用政hat a / an,如：What a heavy rain it is!多大的一場雨?。hat a great surprise it is!這多么令人驚奇啊!What a rich breakfast it is!多么豐盛的一頓早餐??！【句型二】How +形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語！How well you look!你氣色真好！How kind you are!你心腸真好！How beautifully you sing!你唱得真好聽！Strawberries! How nice!草莓！多好呀!How clever the boy is!這個男孩多么聰明啊！

14、How fast he runs!他跑得多么快??！注意(1)要修飾名詞的形容詞不能是表數(shù)量的many, much, little, few,遇此情況要用how,即使它們后面跟有名詞：How many books he has! 他的書真多！How much money he gave her! 他給了 她好多錢呀！How little money I have !我的錢多么少呀！How few friends he has! 他的朋友真少！比較：What a little box it is!多小巧的盒子呀！(該little不表示數(shù)量)（2）有時句中的主語和謂語可以省略：How fast!多快

15、呀！How nice !多好呀！How beautiful!多美呀！How nice of you to come ! 你來了真好！2、感嘆句巧解方法（1）一找二斷三辨四確定："一找即先找出句中的主語。二斷就是在句中的名詞（形容詞、副詞等）與代詞（或名詞）之間斷開。三辯即是斷開后辨別斷線前面的詞的詞性。四確定即確定是選用how還是whato3、感嘆句的特殊用法：1）感嘆句如何變?yōu)殚g接引語直接引語是感嘆句時，若要變作間接引語,通常用引述動詞tell, exclaim等。如：zzWhat a brave boy you are!" she told him. 你是一個多么勇敢的

16、男孩子啊!她告訴他說。She told him what a brave boy he was.她告訴他說他是一個多么勇敢的男孩子。He said, zzHurrah! My friend is come.”他說道，“烏拉!我的朋友來了。”3He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come.他歡呼他的朋友來了。（引述動詞用 exclaim,并加狀語 with delight）2）感嘆句后接附加疑問句感嘆句之后有時可接附加疑問句，如：How odd, isn't it?多怪，是不是？What a magnificent building

17、, isn't it?多么雄偉的建筑,對不對！How nice, isn't it?多好呀，不是嗎!What a bad cough he has, doesn't he?他咳得好歷害，是不是？How exciting the game is, isn't it?好刺激的比賽啊，不是嗎？【知識梳理】反義疑問句專題梳理I. 基本用法1. 基本結構：前否后肯1前肯后否O2. 當陳述句中含有be動詞，助動詞，或是情態(tài)動詞時，反義疑問句部分由這些詞加上主語人稱代詞構成。be 動詞包括：am, is, are, was, were助動詞有:do, does, did, h

18、ave/has (現(xiàn)在完成時中)情態(tài)動詞有:can, could, may, might, must, will, would, shall, should 注意：have/has/had只有在 現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時，had better情況下可直接用于反義疑問句 中，其他一律用do/does/did.3. 當陳述句中只含有行為動詞時， 若動詞加了 s,就用does; 若動詞為原形，就用do, 若動詞為過去式，則用did;II. 高頻考點1. 陳述部分為There (Here) + be +主語時，問句部分用動詞+ there (here)?形式。2. 反義疑問句的陳述部分帶有 little

19、,few, never, hardly, rarely, seldom, nobody, nothing, barely, scarcely 等否定 意義的詞時，問句部分用肯定式。如：3 .陳述部分為祈使句1) 若為let's引導,反問句用shall we?2) 若為let us引導和其余的任何一般的否定祈使句,都用will youo3) 一般的肯定祈使句則用will you或won't you都行。III. 反義疑問句的回答遵循原則：事實原則。事實確實如此，回答yes；事實不是如此，回答no?！局R梳理】情景交際專題梳理1. A: Sorry.B: That's ok

20、/That,s all rightNot at allNever mindIt doesn't matter2. A: Thank you.B: That's ok/That's all rightNot at allYou are welcomeIt's my pleasure3. A: Would you mind.?B: Not系列Certainly notSure notOf couse notNot at all永遠不選 nevermind4. A: Can you do me a favor?B: With pleauseA: Thank youB:

21、 It's my pleause.5. A: Would you like me to.?Would you like some tea?(主動幫忙)B: Yes, please.No, thanks.6. A: Would you to join us?(邀請某人做某事)B: Yes, l'd(like/love to).No, I wouldn't (like/love to).7. That's all right.沒關系；不客氣That's right.那是對的All right.好的8. A: May I.?B: Go ahead.Here y

22、ou are.Of course you can.Sorry, you can't9. A: I have a complaint about.?B: What's your trouble?What怎 the matter?10. A: Jossie, don't be later?B: I won't【知識梳理】賓語從句專題梳理一、（知識點名稱）賓語從句概念【知識梳理】賓語是動作、行為的對象，是動作的承受者。句子的賓語一般由名詞、代詞、動名詞或動詞不定式充當，當一個句子充當賓語時，我們把這個句子叫做賓 語從句。賓語從句就是由一個句子來構成主句的賓語，并有一個

23、連接詞引導。二、（知識點名稱）賓語從句引導詞1. 陳述句充當賓語從句時，用that引導，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。在主句為動詞be加 某些形容詞（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表語時，后面所跟的省略that的從句也算是賓語從句2. 當由一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，意為是否。3. 如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的疑問詞引導（what, whom, whose, which, what, when, where, how, why）。三、（知識點名稱）賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序句子的兩種語序：1 .陳述句結構叫陳述

24、語序There is a shop near here.2 .疑問句結構叫疑問語序Is there a shop near here?賓語從句必須用陳述語序句式連詞例句陳述句That不變I think that we can be good friends.般疑問句if/whether改為陳述語 序I caift remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞改為陳述語He asked who was our English teacher.J四、（知識點名稱）賓語從句與主句的時態(tài)要相互呼應【知識梳理】1.主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以用任何時態(tài)，我們可以根據(jù)

25、句子的需要使用任何一種時態(tài)；（需 要性原則）2. 當主句是一般過去時的時候，賓語從句必須運用相應的過去的某一種時態(tài)，從而達到主句和 從句的相互一致；（呼應性原則）3. 當賓語從句說明的客觀存在的事實或者是客觀存在的真理時，就不用受到主句時態(tài)的限制， 仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。（特殊性原則）主句時態(tài)從句時態(tài)連接前連接后般現(xiàn)在時時態(tài)保持不變一般過去時一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時一般過去時過去完成時般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時【知識梳理】狀語從句專題梳理1 .狀語從句的概念狀語從句在復合句中用作狀語，修飾主句中的動詞、形容詞和副詞等。狀語從句與賓語從句不同的是：賓語從句只能跟在及物動

26、詞或部分介詞的后面，而絕大部分狀語從句的位置 很活躍一一既可以放在主句的前面，又可以放在主句的后面。當狀語從句在主句前面時，主從句之間用逗號 斷開。2 .狀語從句的分類狀語從句通?？梢苑譃闀r間、地點、條件、原因、目的、結果、讓步、比較和方式等九類。時間： when, while> as、as soon as> until> since> by the time地點： where> wherever、no matterwhere> anywhere條件：if、unless原因：because、now that> since> as目的：so tha

27、t、in order that結果：so.that> such.that讓步：(al)though比較：as.as> not so (as)as、 than方式：as.as if.a.s though3 .時間狀語從句用于表達時間。注意下列例句的意思及前后時態(tài)的一致性：when: It was raining hard when school was over yesterday.I got angry when I heard the news.She wants to be a teacherwhen she grows up.while: My father was cook

28、ing while my mother was reading last night.before: I finished my homework before I went to bed last night.after: After I (had) turned off the lights, I went to bed last night.as soon as: I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.The students entered the classroom as soon as the bell rang.sin

29、ce: I have lived here since I was bornuntil: I didn't leave here until my mother came yesterday.4 .地點狀語從句一般由where, wherever和everywhere引導。地點狀語從句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。 如： Where there is a will, there is a way.Wherever he goes, he keeps in mind what his father has instructed turn地點狀語從句可以有省略的表達方式。如：Put

30、 in an article where (you think it is) necessary.5 .條件狀語從句用來表示主句情況實現(xiàn)的條件。主要時態(tài)為主句將來時，從句現(xiàn)在時。如：If I have time tomorrow, ril go shopping with you.6 .結果狀語從句表示結果,常用so.that或such.that引導。如：Peter is so clever that he can answer the questionPeter is such a clever boy that he can answer the question.比較上面兩句句子，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)so修飾形容詞，而such修飾名詞。這兩個復合句在改為簡單句時可以用too.t