教科版高一必修二短語(yǔ)和難句注釋及語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目 word版

1、短語(yǔ)和難句注釋Unit 1HEALTHY FOOD DOES A BODY GOOD短 語(yǔ)1. send sb. off 送別某人2. break down 分解3. in the form of 以形式4. be associated with 與聯(lián)系在一起5. have difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困難6. pay attention to 注意，關(guān)注7. tend to do 有做某事的傾向，往往會(huì)做某事8. take in 吸收9. compensate for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償10. set an example 樹(shù)立榜樣11. at least 至少難 句 注 釋

2、1. You wouldnt think of driving your car to work in the morning on an empty tank of gas, yet thousands of parents send their children off to school without any breakfast. 早上，您是不會(huì)油箱空空就想要開(kāi)車(chē)去上班的，但是，卻有千萬(wàn)家長(zhǎng)在孩子沒(méi)吃早餐的情況下就讓他們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)了。（這句話中有一個(gè)類(lèi)比，作者把汽車(chē)的空油箱比作孩子的空胃腸，我們知道油箱里 沒(méi)有汽油，汽車(chē)就沒(méi)有動(dòng)力，無(wú)法開(kāi)動(dòng)；同樣，孩子空著肚子去上學(xué)，肯定也學(xué)不進(jìn)去什么知識(shí)

3、。）2. The body breaks down food to produce this fuel in the form of glucose. 人體會(huì)分解食物，產(chǎn)生這種燃料，而這種燃料以葡萄糖的形式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。（介詞短語(yǔ) in the form of glucose 修飾前面的名詞 this fuel，直譯為“以葡萄糖形式呈現(xiàn)的燃料”，但不符合中文表達(dá)的習(xí)慣， 所以需要另用一個(gè)句子幫助。）3. Because glucose levels are associated with memory function, children can have difficulty concentra

4、ting when they skip breakfast. 因?yàn)槠咸烟堑乃脚c人的記憶功能緊密關(guān)聯(lián)，所以如果孩子們不吃早餐，就很難集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。（havedifficulty doing sth. 表示 “ 做某事有困難 ”，concentrating 后面雖然沒(méi)有接具體內(nèi)容，但根據(jù)上下文，我們能輕易猜出省略的內(nèi)容，這里應(yīng)該是 “ 集中精力學(xué)習(xí) ”。）4. Research shows that breakfast eaters tend to pay more attention to their teacher in class than those who rarely eat bre

5、akfast. 研究表明，吃早餐的學(xué)生往往比不怎么吃早餐的學(xué)生在課堂上更能集中注意力，聽(tīng)老師講課。（這里 pay attention to their teacher 不能僅僅理解為 “ 注意老師 ”，而應(yīng)該理解為 “ 注意老師講課的內(nèi)容 ”。）5. Children who are hungry can be slow or nervous during classroom activities or can appear disinterested when they have a difficult task to perform.肚子餓的孩子在參與課堂活動(dòng)時(shí)，反應(yīng)比較遲緩，或者容易變得

6、緊張?；蛘?，當(dāng)他們要完成一項(xiàng)難 度較高的任務(wù)時(shí)，會(huì)表現(xiàn)出興趣索然。（連詞 or 在句中出現(xiàn)了兩次，第一次并列的是兩個(gè)形容詞 slow 和 nervous；第二次并列的是兩個(gè)述謂部分 can be slow or nervous during classroom activities 和 can appear disinterested when they have a difficult task to perform。）6. They take in more vitamins and minerals, consume less fat and cholesterol, and may e

7、ven have less chance of becoming overweight than breakfast-skippers. 比起不吃早餐的人，他們吸收的維生素和礦物質(zhì)更多，消耗的脂肪和膽固醇較少，而且，他們體重超標(biāo)的概率甚至更低。（本句有三個(gè)述謂部分并列，同時(shí)在與 than 后面的 breakfast-skippers 進(jìn)行比較。）7. You cant run out the door without eating breakfast, yet insist that your kids sit down and eat something. 如果您自己不吃早餐就出門(mén)上班，就不

8、可能要求自己的孩子坐下來(lái)吃點(diǎn)兒早餐。（注意本句中的否 定表達(dá) cant 實(shí)際上修飾的不是其后的 run out，而是另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞 insist，這種現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為 “ 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 ”。）8. A nutritious breakfast also provides the sugar, starch, protein and fat they need because they are continuously growing and changing. 一頓營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富的早餐也會(huì)給孩子們提供他們不斷生長(zhǎng)和身體變化所需要的糖、淀粉、蛋白質(zhì)和脂肪。（這里的 changing 根據(jù)上下文，應(yīng)該是指 “ 身體的變

9、化 ”，而不是 “ 思想的變化 ”。Because 引導(dǎo)的 原因狀語(yǔ)從句附屬于其前面的定語(yǔ)從句。）Unit 2 HEALTH IN CRISIS短 語(yǔ)1. blow up 爆炸2. manage to do sth. 設(shè)法做到某事3. keep doing sth. 不停地做某事4. with the help of 在的幫助下5. look back on 回顧6. go around to somewhere 繞行到某處7. put ones mind to 用心于，認(rèn)真去做8. be capable of 能做得到難 句 注 釋1. His sister, who was unhurt,

10、 managed to pull him away from the fire while his mom dialed for an ambulance.姐姐當(dāng)時(shí)沒(méi)受傷，她設(shè)法把弟弟拽到了遠(yuǎn)離火源的地方，與此同時(shí)，媽媽撥打急救電話，要救護(hù)車(chē)。（這里的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 who was unhurt 不能理解成定語(yǔ)，而是一個(gè)獨(dú)立完整的句子。）2. The ambulance soon arrived and rushed him to the Childrens Hospital where he was operated on immediately. 很快，救護(hù)車(chē)就趕到了，迅速將安德魯送到了

11、兒童醫(yī)院，醫(yī)生立刻給他做了手術(shù)。（句中的限定性定語(yǔ)從句 where he was operated on immediately，用的是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，而且 where 表示 “in the Childrens Hospital”, 如果直譯，就成了 “ 在兒童醫(yī)院他被立刻做了手術(shù) ”，這不太符合中文的表達(dá)，而且前句 已經(jīng)告訴我們安德魯被送到了兒童醫(yī)院，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)該省略這里的 “ 兒童醫(yī)院 ”。）3. The damage to his body was so bad and the cuts in his legs were so deep that the operation took 11 ho

12、urs.由于他身體受傷嚴(yán)重，雙腿也有多處較深的切割傷，手術(shù)持續(xù)了整整 11 個(gè)小時(shí)。（本句的 sothat 結(jié)構(gòu)表示 “ 如此以致 ”，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度很大導(dǎo)致某一結(jié)果，that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。所以翻譯 11hours 時(shí)， 前面需要加上 “ 整整 ”，說(shuō)明其受傷嚴(yán)重。）4. Andrew had 42 stitches in his stomach, and wires were put in both his legs to help rebuild his knees. 安德魯肚子上縫了 42 針，兩條腿里面都植入了金屬線，以幫助恢復(fù)他膝蓋的功能。（had 不能翻譯 成 “ 有 ”，不符合中

13、文表達(dá)；rebuild his knees 字面意思是 “ 重建他的膝蓋 ”，這顯然不是作者要表達(dá) 的真實(shí)意思，根據(jù)常識(shí)，翻譯成 “ 恢復(fù)他膝蓋的功能 ”，更顯自然。）5. He tried not to be discouraged by the condition of his legs or by the regular nightmares he was having. 他常做噩夢(mèng)，但是他盡量讓自己不因?yàn)殡p腿的現(xiàn)狀或這些噩夢(mèng)而消沉。（句中的定語(yǔ)從句 he was having 最好視為單獨(dú)一個(gè)句子來(lái)翻譯。）6. Looking back on the accident, Andrew

14、says it has helped him to decide what he wants to do with his life. 回想這場(chǎng)意外時(shí)，安德魯說(shuō)，是這場(chǎng)事故幫他決定了自己到底想要一個(gè)什么樣的人生。（本句中的 分詞短語(yǔ)做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。）7. He believes children can do whatever they want if they put their minds to it. 他堅(jiān)信，孩子只要認(rèn)真用心，就能做成自己想做的任何事情。（這里 whatever 引導(dǎo) do 的賓語(yǔ)從句， 表示 “ 任何事情 ”）Unit 3 THE SUPERMARKET短 語(yǔ)1. car

15、ry out 實(shí)行；執(zhí)行2. all but 除了之外都3. be located 位于，坐落在4. not onlybut also 不僅而且5. in addition 此外6. focus on 聚焦于，致力于7. such as 諸如難 句 注 釋1. He saw an opportunity to put his money in smaller towns and rural areas throughout North and South Carolina that were not being served by large grocery chains. 當(dāng)時(shí)，南北卡羅來(lái)納

16、州規(guī)模比較小的城鎮(zhèn)和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)還沒(méi)有大型食品雜貨連鎖服務(wù)，他看到了這個(gè)商機(jī)，那就是投資整個(gè)南北卡羅來(lái)納州的這種地區(qū)。（本句較長(zhǎng)，不能按原句順序理解和翻譯，需 要重新梳理邏輯關(guān)系。）2. Early on, Ingles successfully carried out a plan to buy land and buildings in the places served by his grocery stores. 早些時(shí)候，英格爾斯將原本自己的食品雜貨店所服務(wù)的地區(qū)的土地和建筑成功買(mǎi)下，這是他先前規(guī)劃的一步。（句中的不定式短語(yǔ) to buy land and building in the

17、 places served by his grocery stores 是 a plan 的同位語(yǔ)，解釋說(shuō)明 a plan 的內(nèi)容。）3. This was accomplished by buying the land and buildings his stores had originally been renting.通過(guò)購(gòu)買(mǎi)他商鋪起初租用的土地和建筑，才實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一步。（by 引出的介詞短語(yǔ)做方式狀語(yǔ)。）4. Ingles self-supplies 64% of the goods it sells from its center in Asheville, North Carol

18、ina, where its head office is also located. 英格爾斯公司的總部設(shè)在北卡羅來(lái)納州的阿什維爾。從位于阿什維爾的銷(xiāo)售中心售出的商品，其中有 64% 是由公司自己供給的。（where 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的作用，需要視為單句 翻譯。）5. All of Ingles stores are located within 250 miles of the center in order to ensure high standards of quality and freshness.英格爾斯公司的所有店鋪都位于離其銷(xiāo)售中心方圓 250 英里的范圍內(nèi)

19、，這樣就能保證其商品的質(zhì)量水準(zhǔn)和新鮮程度。（動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的，雖然 quality 和 freshness 沒(méi)有明指對(duì)象，但上下文給了我 們明確的提示。）6. In 1982, Ingles bought Milkco Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary that now not only supplies Ingles stores with the freshest dairy products, fruit juices, and bottled waters, but also sells two thirds of its products to

20、other stores.1982 年，英格爾斯買(mǎi)下了米爾克公司，這是一家全資子公司，目前不僅為英格爾斯旗下的店鋪提供最新鮮的奶制品、果汁和瓶裝水，而且其三分之二的商品是出售給其他店家的。（a wholly-owned subsidiary 是 Milkco Company 的同位語(yǔ)，后面緊跟著它的定語(yǔ)從句，需要作單句處理。“not only but also” 表示 “ 不僅而且 ”，引出并列關(guān)系。）7. In addition, the company focuses on customer convenience by selling products to its customers

21、through the development of new departments such as books, flowers, bakery, and prepared foods. 此外，公司關(guān)注顧客便利，創(chuàng)建了一些新的商品經(jīng)營(yíng)部，例如圖書(shū)部、花卉部、烘烤食品部和預(yù)制食品部。通過(guò)這些經(jīng)營(yíng)部，把商品直接銷(xiāo)售給顧客。（注意本句中 by 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)做方式狀語(yǔ)， 但該介詞短語(yǔ)中又包含一個(gè) through 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)，也做方式狀語(yǔ)。）8. The same customer focus and commitment to quality and convenience on which

22、Bob Ingles founded the business in 1963 continues today throughout the chain.1963 年，鮑勃 · 英格爾斯在創(chuàng)建公司初始，立足關(guān)注顧客便利和商品質(zhì)量承諾。如今這種顧客便利和質(zhì)量承諾遍及其所有連鎖業(yè)務(wù)。（短語(yǔ) foundon 表示 “ 創(chuàng)立在基礎(chǔ)之上 ”，引申為 “ 立足 于”。）WHATS IN?短 語(yǔ)1. give off 散發(fā)2. stand for 代表，象征3. in the middle of 在中間4. be recognized as 被公認(rèn)為5. as well as 不但（而且）6. b

23、e likely to do 很可能做7. out and about 外出走動(dòng)難 句 注 釋1. Look in the bedrooms of teenagers throughout the world and youll probably find a pair of blue jeans. 如果你關(guān)注一下全世界青少年的臥室，很可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的臥室里都有一條牛仔褲。（注意 “Do and + 句子 ” 構(gòu)成一個(gè)特殊主從復(fù)合句，前面是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，后面是主句。）2. Jeans give off a feeling of independence, youth, and adventur

24、e and have long been favored by both men and women.牛仔褲散發(fā)出一種獨(dú)立、青春和探索冒險(xiǎn)的感覺(jué)，長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，受到人們的青睞。（men and women不需要直譯。）3. “Levis” have stood for everything from hard labor to trendy fashion and from rebellion to mainstream American culture. 李維斯牌牛仔褲象征太多意義，既象征辛勤勞作，又象征新潮時(shí)尚；既象征思想叛逆，又象征美國(guó)主流文化。（短語(yǔ) everything fromto 強(qiáng)

25、調(diào)涉及范圍很廣。）4. Twenty years later, he made the first pair of blue jeans and, in doing so, created work pants for the cowboys of the wild American West.20 年后，他制作出第一條藍(lán)色牛仔褲，這一舉動(dòng)為生活在美國(guó)西部原野上的牛仔創(chuàng)造出了他們的工作褲。（注意，the wild American West 不能直譯。in 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ)。）5. Deng Hao, who was recognized as one of Chinas Top Te

26、n fashion designers in 2019 is a big fan of jeans. 鄧皓在 2019 年被評(píng)為中國(guó)十大頂尖時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師，她對(duì)牛仔褲就情有獨(dú)鐘。（who 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定 語(yǔ)從句必須作為單句翻譯。）6. Americans are more likely to wear simple, single-colored pairs, for instance, while many Chinese like to cover their jeans with decorations and wear lots of different colors. 比如，美國(guó)人更喜

27、歡穿造型簡(jiǎn)約、顏色單一的牛仔褲，而許多中國(guó)人則喜歡給牛仔褲配以裝飾物，還喜歡穿不同顏色的牛仔褲。（連詞 while 引出對(duì)比狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)前后句內(nèi)容上的反差。）7. No matter how good they may look, or what color they may be, its often not proper to wear jeans at formal events. 無(wú)論看上去多漂亮的牛仔褲，或者無(wú)論是什么顏色的牛仔褲，通常都不適合在正式場(chǎng)合穿。（句中的 no matter how 和 no matter what 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。）8. But, when your

28、e out and about, relaxing and having fun, jeans make a comfortable top choice.但是，當(dāng)你外出走動(dòng)，去放松尋開(kāi)心時(shí)，穿牛仔褲不失為最佳選擇。（注意句中的分詞短語(yǔ)做目的狀語(yǔ)。）LEISURE TIME短 語(yǔ)1. a series of 一系列的，一連串的2. react to 對(duì)做出反應(yīng)3. up to 多達(dá)4. at a time 一次5. give up 放棄難 句 注 釋1. Scientists report that young adults who play action games several time

29、s a week for at least six months can follow more moving objects than non-game players. 科學(xué)家研究報(bào)告說(shuō)，如果年輕成人每周打七次動(dòng)作游戲，并連續(xù)至少六個(gè)月，比起從不玩電游的人，他們能跟蹤更多移動(dòng)中的物體。（report 不能直接理解為 “ 報(bào)道，報(bào)告，匯報(bào) ”；who 引導(dǎo)的限定性 定語(yǔ)從句如果直譯，顯得很不自然。）2. This means that children playing computer games may not be damaging their brain, but rather imp

30、roving attention skills such as being able to track and focus on objects for a longer period of time. 這意味著，打電腦游戲并不會(huì)損傷孩子的大腦，相反，會(huì)提高孩子的注意力，比如，延長(zhǎng)孩子跟蹤或關(guān)注事物的時(shí)間。（分詞短語(yǔ) playing computer games 是 children 的后置定語(yǔ)，但翻譯時(shí)我們有意 把 children 拿掉，更符合中文表達(dá)的習(xí)慣。）3. To test the effects of playing video games, Bavelier and her r

31、esearch assistant, Shawn Green, asked both non- players and some male game players （they could only find one female player) to focus on and count a series of shapes and letters flashed on a computer screen. 為了檢測(cè)玩視頻游戲的效果，巴韋利埃和她的研究助手肖恩 · 格林要求不玩電游者和一些玩電游的 男孩（他們只找到一位玩電游的女性）集中關(guān)注并數(shù)一數(shù)電腦屏幕上閃現(xiàn)出的一系列形狀圖和字

32、母。（句子較長(zhǎng)，但難度不大，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ) flashed on a computer screen 做后置定語(yǔ)。）4. They found that the gamers reacted to the fast-moving objects more efficiently and could track up to five objects on the screen at a timeabout 30% more than the other group. 他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，玩電游者對(duì)屏幕上快速移動(dòng)物體的反應(yīng)效率很高，他們一次能跟蹤多達(dá)五個(gè)物體，比起另一組實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，其效率高出約 30%。（注意最

33、后用 “ 高出約 30%” 已經(jīng)表明比較關(guān)系，前面可以 省去比較表達(dá)。）5. The skills of non-players could be improved by asking them to train on a game for an hour a day over a period of 10 days, but the type of game was very important. 如果我們對(duì)不玩電游者進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，讓他們每天玩一小時(shí)游戲，連續(xù)進(jìn)行 10 天，他們的注意力集中能力是可以得到改善的，但是訓(xùn)練他們的游戲種類(lèi)非常重要。（注意本句 by 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)看似方式狀語(yǔ)，其實(shí)，

34、語(yǔ)義上更接近條件狀語(yǔ)。）6. The results are not an excuse for teenagers all over the world to give up homework for game playing. 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果絕不能成為世界各地青少年不寫(xiě)作業(yè)而去玩電游的借口。（for 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)用作 excuse 的定語(yǔ)。）7. Just having great ability in paying attention will not help you to be successful in your life.只具備專(zhuān)注能力不足以幫助人們?cè)谖磥?lái)的生活中取得成功的。（本句中

35、的動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)用作主語(yǔ)。）FREE TIME AT HOME短 語(yǔ)1. be proud of 對(duì)感到驕傲2. used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事3. look for 找尋4. call one names 辱罵某人5. put down 放下6. be aware of 意識(shí)到7. get sb. through 幫助某人通過(guò)難 句 注 釋1. I used to hear the word a lot, but it never bothered me as it might have bothered others. 我過(guò)去常聽(tīng)人叫我書(shū)呆子，不過(guò)，我從不覺(jué)得煩惱，別人聽(tīng)到這個(gè)

36、詞可能真的會(huì)煩惱。（注意，句 中的兩個(gè) it 指的都是 the word, 而 the word 又表示課文標(biāo)題中的 bookworm。hear the word 不能理解為 “ 聽(tīng)到書(shū)呆子這個(gè)詞 ”，而應(yīng)該理解為 “ 聽(tīng)到別人把自己叫作書(shū)呆子 ”。as 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。）2. The only items I looked for were books: picture, fairy tale, and hardcover books that I would have to wait a few years to read. 我一心只想著買(mǎi)各種各樣的圖書(shū)，包括圖畫(huà)書(shū)、童話故事書(shū)和精裝圖書(shū)

37、，而精裝圖書(shū)都是我?guī)啄曛蟛艜?huì)去讀的。（句中的第一個(gè) books 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，翻譯時(shí)必須用增詞的方式體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。而 look for如果直譯為 “ 尋找 ”，聽(tīng)上去不自然。）3. When I got to high school with my large collection, maybe large enough to be called my own library, my parents began fighting frequently. 當(dāng)我升入高中時(shí)，我的存書(shū)量已經(jīng)很大了，大到足以建一個(gè)我自己的圖書(shū)室。這時(shí)，父母的爭(zhēng)吵開(kāi)始變得非常頻繁。（library 可以表示圖書(shū)館或圖書(shū)室，這

38、里 large enough to be called my own library不能直譯，否則不符合中文邏輯。）4. For some reason, I never seemed to hear the fighting that was worsening each day or the names they called each other while I was reading. 父母的爭(zhēng)吵每天都在升級(jí)，但由于某些原因，我在看書(shū)的時(shí)候，似乎從來(lái)聽(tīng)不到他們的爭(zhēng)吵或他們之間的相互辱罵。（句中 that 引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句需要視作單句翻譯。）5. Since I am beyond

39、the most difficult of my teen years, I dont need reading as an escape anymore. 由于我已經(jīng)過(guò)了青少年心里最糟糕的階段，因此，就不再需要用讀書(shū)的方式來(lái)逃避了。（句中的 difficult 表示 “ 不易相處的，難對(duì)付的 ”。我們知道，青春期的孩子性情乖戾，不易相處。）6. Ive learned so much from reading, and I feel really lucky, as though I had an advantage that others havent. 我從閱讀中學(xué)到了許多，感到自己真的

40、很幸運(yùn)，感覺(jué)好像自己具有別人沒(méi)有的一個(gè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。（as though 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，該從句中又包含一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句。）7. Literature is what got me through my parents divorce, so I wholeheartedly give my thanks to the authors of the wonderful literature I enjoy every day. 是文學(xué)陪伴我經(jīng)受住了父母的離異，所以我要真誠(chéng)感謝那些讓我每天享受他們美妙文學(xué)作品的作者。（what 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。）GOING ON VA

41、CATIOH短 語(yǔ)1. because of 因?yàn)?. set off 出發(fā)3. turn out to be 結(jié)果證明是4. be struck with 患了病5. a birds eye view 鳥(niǎo)瞰圖6. return to normal 恢復(fù)正常7. adjust to 適應(yīng)8. that way 那樣難 句 注 釋1. Although the plane left late, we soon forgot our irritation with the excitement of the first sight of magnificent Himalayas below us

42、. 當(dāng)我們第一眼看到腳下宏偉壯觀的喜馬拉雅山時(shí)，內(nèi)心激動(dòng)難耐，把飛機(jī)晚點(diǎn)起飛給我們帶來(lái)的煩惱一下拋到九霄云外去了。（注意，句中 although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句不必按照原句順序翻譯，把 它與 irritation 結(jié)合，表示造成 irritation 的原因，更符合中文表達(dá)習(xí)慣。）2. When we arrived four hours later at Lhasa Airport, we felt as if we had landed on another planet that was very strange and different.四個(gè)小時(shí)之后，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)拉薩機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，感覺(jué)自

43、己好像降落在另一個(gè)星球上了，這個(gè)星球非常陌生，與地球不一樣。（as if 引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，雖然沒(méi)有指出 different 的比較對(duì)象，但前面的 another planet 顯然告訴我們，這是在跟地球比較，所以翻譯時(shí)必須體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。）3. For me, however, that first possible opportunity turned out to be one week later, a few days before we had to leave. 然而，對(duì)我而言，這第一次可能的機(jī)會(huì)結(jié)果是在一周后出現(xiàn)的，也就是在我們出發(fā)前的幾天。（短語(yǔ) turn out to be 表示

44、 “ 后來(lái)證明是，結(jié)果證明是 ”，通常強(qiáng)調(diào)意想不到之意。）4. But it was worth it to see a place that told of such different stories and experiences, whose colors, smells, and sounds were of another time. 但是，造訪一個(gè)敘述著迥然不同的故事和經(jīng)歷的地方，而這些故事和經(jīng)歷能帶給我們另外一個(gè)時(shí)代的色彩、氣味和聲音，這簡(jiǎn)直太值了。（第一個(gè) it 是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)， 不定式中帶有一個(gè) that 引導(dǎo)的限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而該限定性定語(yǔ)從句中

45、又包含一個(gè) which 引導(dǎo)的非 限定性定語(yǔ)從句。）5. Most fascinating about the Potala Palace were the Buddhist statues of various sizes made of copper, gold, or silver. 布達(dá)拉宮里有用金、銀或銅制成的各種大小的佛像，這是最引人入勝的景象。（本句的主語(yǔ)是 theBuddhist statues of various sizes made of copper, gold, or silver, 而 Most fascinating about the Potala Palace

46、是句中的表語(yǔ)，所以原句用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)。另外，在翻譯 copper, gold, or silver 的時(shí)候， 為了符合中文習(xí)慣，就不保持原有的英文順序了。）6. On the top of the Potala Palace, we had a birds eye view of the distant surrounding mountains with rivers flowing through and the ancient Lhasa City. 站在布達(dá)拉宮最高處，我們可以鳥(niǎo)瞰周邊遠(yuǎn)處的山脈、流經(jīng)山脈的河流，以及古老的拉薩市。（with引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾前面

47、的 the distant surrounding mountains，但不能直譯，否則，中文顯得不自然。）7. But I certainly would advise all people considering such an interesting trip to go there slowly by bus so that their body can slowly adjust to the lack of oxygen. 但是，我一定要?jiǎng)窀嫠姓诖蛩阕鲆淮芜@樣有趣出行的人，你們應(yīng)該乘坐公交車(chē)慢悠悠地去拉薩，目的是讓身體能慢慢適應(yīng)缺氧環(huán)境。（分詞短語(yǔ) considering su

48、ch an interesting trip 做后置定語(yǔ)，so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。）WHAT INTERESTS YOU?短 語(yǔ)1. be good at 擅長(zhǎng)2. be fond of 喜歡3. down and out 落魄潦倒；慘不忍睹4. all along 一直，始終5. catch sight of 看見(jiàn)6. cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事7. give in 讓步；屈服8. believe in 相信9. keep to 遵守10. fail to do sth. 沒(méi)能做到某事難 句 注 釋1. Im not very good at playi

49、ng soccer, but Im fond of watching the game.我不是很擅長(zhǎng)踢足球，但非常喜歡看足球賽。（這里 the game 指的是足球比賽）2. I watched the 14th World Cup in Italy, the 15th in the USA, the 16th in France, and a great many other tournaments, big and small.我去意大利看了第 14 屆世界杯，去美國(guó)看了第 15 屆，去法國(guó)看了第 16 屆。我還看了許許多多其他大大小小的足球錦標(biāo)賽。（句子中的 big and small

50、其實(shí)是 tournaments 的后置定語(yǔ)。）3. As we catch sight of Batistuta, Caniggia, and Balbo, we cant help thinking of the wind because of the way they run and the way their long hair flies. 當(dāng)我們看到巴蒂斯圖塔、坎尼吉亞和巴爾博時(shí)，就會(huì)因?yàn)樗麄儽寂艿臉幼雍退麄兊拈L(zhǎng)發(fā)飄起的樣子禁不住去想當(dāng)時(shí)起風(fēng)的方向。（本句理解的難點(diǎn)是 the wind，需要根據(jù)上下文判斷其具體含義。）4. The Argentine life is colored

51、with blue skies, green grass, white sheep, brown horses, and a long, never- ending horizon. 阿根廷人的生活絢麗多彩，因?yàn)樗麄冇兴{(lán)藍(lán)的天、綠綠的草、雪白的綿羊、棕色的駿馬還有那無(wú)邊無(wú)際的地平線。（介詞 with 在句中引出原因。）5. They all have a dream of flying and touching the sky, never believing in fate. 因?yàn)樗麄儚牟幌嘈琶\(yùn)，所以都?jí)粝胫钩岣唢w，觸碰藍(lán)天。（本句中的分詞短語(yǔ) never believing in fa

52、te 做原因狀語(yǔ)，翻譯時(shí)需要提前，符合中文習(xí)慣。）6. Because of these qualities, the German soccer team was and still is one of the best in the world.因?yàn)榈聡?guó)人具有這些素養(yǎng)，所以德國(guó)足球隊(duì)過(guò)去是現(xiàn)在仍然是世界最優(yōu)秀的球隊(duì)之一。（these qualities指的是前面句子中提到的德國(guó)人的素養(yǎng)；另外，當(dāng)兩個(gè)緊挨著的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)差異，翻譯時(shí)必須靠 增詞來(lái)體現(xiàn)。本句中的系動(dòng)詞 was 和 is 在翻譯時(shí)必須增加 “ 過(guò)去 ” 和 “ 現(xiàn)在 ” 兩個(gè)詞，以體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)差異。）7. Their games

53、may not always be enjoyable, but they never fail to delight their fans with exciting goals. 他們的比賽可能并非總是有趣，但卻總能因?yàn)樗麄兞钊伺d奮的射門(mén)進(jìn)球給其粉絲帶來(lái)欣喜。（本句 中的 never fail 是雙重否定，強(qiáng)調(diào)肯定意義。）語(yǔ)法Unit 1HEALTHY FOOD DOES A BODY GOOD1. 限定性定語(yǔ)從句 : who，that 省略課 文 例 句（1）Research shows that breakfast eaters tend to pay more attention t

54、o their teachers in class than thosewho rarely eat breakfast.（2）Children who are hungry can be slow or nervous during classroom activities or can appear disinterested when they have a difficult task to perform.（3）Researchers have also discovered that students who eat breakfast regularly tend to have

55、 better health overall.（4）Without breakfast, its difficult for children to get the nutrients they need throughout the day.（5）A nutritious breakfast also provides the sugar, starch, protein and fat they need because they are continuously growing and changing.解 釋1如果限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是人，而且關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語(yǔ)，通常用 who 引

56、導(dǎo)，而且必須保留who。補(bǔ) 充 例 句（1）When I was about 12, I had an enemy, a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings.（2）After the accident, the man who was hurt was rushed to hospital.解 釋 2如果限定性定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是物，可以用關(guān)系代詞 that 引導(dǎo)；如果 that 代表的先行詞在從句中做賓 語(yǔ)，通常省略。補(bǔ) 充 例 句（1）I remember the wall I helped to build there with my ow

57、n hands.（1）I cannot find the book I borrowed from the library last Friday.2. it（形式主語(yǔ)）+ 不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)課 文 例 句Without breakfast, its difficult for children to get the nutrients they need throughout the day.解 釋不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要借用 it 做形式主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成 It is/was for sb. to do sth. 句型。補(bǔ) 充 例 句（1）It is not necessary for you to worry about my health at all.（2）It is impossible for us to persuade him to change his mind.Unit 2 HEALTH IN CRISIS1. 限定性定語(yǔ)從句：all+ 省略 that, where課 文 例 句（1）All I could move was my upper body.（2）The ambulance soon arrived and rushed him to t