初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)地區(qū)別

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上語(yǔ)法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1.從結(jié)構(gòu)上區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主語(yǔ) + have / has + 過(guò)去分詞 （肯定式）主語(yǔ) + have / has + not + 過(guò)去分詞 （否定式）Have / Has + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 （疑問(wèn)式）過(guò)去完成時(shí)：主語(yǔ) + had + 過(guò)去分詞 （肯定式）主語(yǔ) +had + not + 過(guò)去分詞 （否定式）Had + 主語(yǔ) + 過(guò)去分詞 （疑問(wèn)式）2.從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, re

2、centlyetc”。過(guò)去完成時(shí): 常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)包括 “by, at, before等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)”。注意：當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)都可以用for 或since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)。例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午飯了嗎？Yes, I have . Ive just had it. 是的，我剛吃完。I have had a clock now. 我現(xiàn)在有一個(gè)鬧鐘了。Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了嗎？The meeting had begun when we got there. 我們到那兒時(shí)，會(huì)議

3、已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了5000個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。They had done the work at five oclock. 在五點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候他們已經(jīng)完成了那項(xiàng)工作。Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我認(rèn)識(shí)李蕾已經(jīng)三年了。I have worked here since ten years ago. 自從十年前我就在這工作。We had not heard from him since we left here. 自從我們離開(kāi)以來(lái)一

4、直沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信。They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.這時(shí)他們已經(jīng)有24個(gè)小時(shí)沒(méi)有合眼了。3.使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：（1）“ have/ has got ”形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/ has 為同一意義，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有筆友嗎？Yes, I have. 是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有許多工作要做嗎？No, he hasnt. 不，他沒(méi)有。（2） have/ has gone to 與 h

5、ave/has been to 的區(qū)別have/ has gone to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去而未歸”； have/ has been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去而歸還”。 have/ hasbeen to常和once, twice, never, ever連用； have/ has gone to則不可。例如： Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去過(guò)北京嗎？ Yes, hes been there several times. 是的，他去過(guò)好幾次了。 Where have Mary and Tom gone? 瑪麗和湯姆去哪里了？ Theyve gone to London. 他們

6、去倫敦了。（3）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于“現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) + 表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)”的句型中。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它們能夠用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。例如：arrive, come be here, be inbegin, start be onbuy havedie be deadfall asleep(ill) be asleep (ill)finish, end be overget to know knowget up be upgo out be ou

7、tjoin be in , be a + 名詞leave, move be away, be out of使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)應(yīng)該注意：如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作緊接著發(fā)生，則常常不用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。例如：When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.她進(jìn)屋時(shí)看見(jiàn)他們坐在一起唱歌。After we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.在和朋友告別之后我們就離開(kāi)村子?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別與用法：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)著眼于現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的某動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果

8、，或是由過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。I have cleaned the classroom .（強(qiáng)調(diào)掃地所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果：地干凈了?。￤e have lived here for ten years.（“住”從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）過(guò)去完成時(shí)則主要體現(xiàn)過(guò)去發(fā)生的兩動(dòng)作的先后有別，表達(dá)的是“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，即比過(guò)去發(fā)生的某動(dòng)作都還要“過(guò)去”，兩動(dòng)作中先發(fā)生的就用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則只用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。運(yùn)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)的句子往往有兩過(guò)去的時(shí)間或動(dòng)作，一定要注意這點(diǎn)喲！Mr Gre

9、en had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.("來(lái)”中國(guó)已過(guò)去，而先前“住”在紐約更過(guò)去！）（另外注意：“住”在紐約可沒(méi)有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在喲?。￤e had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.（“上期期末”已過(guò)去，而是在其前“學(xué)”的就更過(guò)去了?。┈F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別1. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說(shuō)話(huà)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過(guò)去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)“現(xiàn)在”產(chǎn)生的影響。如：He visited Guilin in 199

10、8.他1998年參觀過(guò)桂林。(只說(shuō)明去桂林的時(shí)間)2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買(mǎi)了一臺(tái)新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦）3. 兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分（1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)基本構(gòu)成是“助動(dòng)詞have /has +過(guò)去分詞”。如：（2）一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用?？纯匆韵碌膸捉M句子，有什么區(qū)別？ Have you seen the film?（A）Did you see the film?（B）說(shuō)明 你看過(guò)這部電影嗎？（A）句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問(wèn)者對(duì)劇情是否了解；（B）句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過(guò)，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。 How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)說(shuō)明他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種