如何做好高中英語閱讀理解

1、如何做好高中閱讀理解1知識梳理一、閱讀最根本的要素詞匯詞匯是一點點積累起來的， 從現(xiàn)在開始一直到高考，每天按照自己的情況去定量背單詞， 也可以每天保持一小段時間的泛讀，是活潑英文思維、積累詞匯的最好方式之一，這個時間可以是早晨、午休、甚至是睡前。不要去執(zhí)著于讀了多久或讀懂多少，只要明確一點，即讀 了就比沒讀好。二、閱讀最重要的原那么一一順序“順序原那么，即出題的順序和行文順序根本一致。 閱讀理解的題型無外乎三四大題型： 細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、 詞義猜想題，但不管哪種題型出題的順序一般都遵 循“順序原那么。1細節(jié)理解題1直接細節(jié)題：此類題是對原文直接信息的考察，只要理解字面意思即可

2、答題。2 間接細節(jié)題：此類題往往不能直接找到答案，需要對信息進行加工處理，簡單歸納、概括才能答題。3是非判斷題：此類題型有兩種形式：三對一錯或三錯一對。一般情況下此類題中出現(xiàn)all, never, only等完全肯或完全否認的詞時，及排除。4排列順序題：此類題一般在選項中列舉一些具體的事實，然后讓考生進行排序，做這類型題根據(jù)事情的發(fā)生的先后順序或時間順序以及句子間的邏輯關系。5圖文匹配題：這類型的題比擬簡單，因為它增加了試題的直觀性，此類題分兩種：一是依文選圖；二是依圖選文。6數(shù)字計算題：此類題會涉及年代、人物年齡、需付錢數(shù)等計算。做這類型題，把文 中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字全都做上標記，找出相關計算方式計

3、算即可得出答案。2推理判斷題要求精讀文章1細節(jié)推斷題：通過文章的字面意思領悟作者的言外之意和文章的真正含義。這類題 得精讀文章，理解文章真正含義。2態(tài)度傾向題：這類題得通過理解文章根底上判斷。3篇章結構題：這類題型要求考生必須對文章結構、作者的寫作思路掌握。4寫作方法題：要求必須知道一些寫作方法的英文寫法。比方舉例子、下定義、比照 等。3主旨大意題1段落大意題和文章大意題：概括、歸納文章大意。此類題學生要學會一“找 “概括找文首、文尾、文首和文尾、文中、段首、短尾、段首和短尾；利用找到的 信息進行歸納概括。2寫作意圖題：在理解文章大意根底上判斷作者寫作意圖。主要還是理解文章主旨大3標題歸納題：

4、選標題切記不能太大，即與主旨大意里的遠，顯得空洞。；不能太小，即標題只含有文章局部內(nèi)容，不全面。4詞義猜想題1代詞猜想：此類題在詞義猜想題中是屬于簡單題型，只要結合上下文理解代詞所指代的對象是誰即可。2熟詞語境義： 此類型題詞語均是大綱詞匯， 只是要結合上下文理解在語境中的意思。3超綱生詞：此類題是詞義猜想題中較難的，需要考生對文章理解的根底上猜想生詞 的意義，要求考生詞匯量要豐富。通過構詞，語法，定義，同位，比照，因果， 常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。三、讀理解的解題核心 定位“定位 即每一道題我們在原文中都能找到它出現(xiàn)的位置。 但怎么準確的定位是我們學習的關鍵。 1先讀問題，了解問了“什么

5、。2讀問題，找出問題關鍵詞。 3文中定位。 4根據(jù)定位句解題，如果定位句不夠全面，就結合段落中心句，定位句的上句加下句，組成解題“黃金三角區(qū)進行解題?？偨Y：正確選項一定要“定位到原文，有“對應 ，有“改寫 ；而錯誤選項那么是“定位 錯誤、“無中生有 、“拼湊細節(jié) 、“偷換概念 、“擴大范圍和“憑借常識 。1掌握高中英語閱讀理解解題技巧;2、熟悉細節(jié)理解、推理判斷、猜想詞義、觀點態(tài)度、主旨大意等閱讀理解的基此題型。1Your glasses may someday replace your smartphone, andt wait to try them on and use thesome

6、New Yorkers are ready for the switch. Some in the city can maps and GPS that the futuristic eyewear is likely to include.“ I ' d use it if I were hanging out with friends at 3 a.m. and going to thebar and wan ted to see what was open, said Walter Choo, 40, of Fort Greene.The smartph on e-like gl

7、asses will likely come out this year and cost betwee n $250 and $600, the Times said, possibly in clud ing a variati on of augme nted 增強的reality, a tech no logy already available on smartphones and tablets平板電腦that overlays information onto the screen about one ' s surroundings. So, for example,

8、if you were walking down a street, indicators would pop up showing you the nearest coffee shop or directions could be plotted out and come into view right on the sidewalk in front of you.“ Asfar as a main stream con sumer product, this just isn ' sbmethi ng an ybody n eeds, said Sam Biddle, who

9、writes for Gizmodo .“ WW re accustomed to having one thing in our pocketto do all th ese things, he added, “ and the average consumer isn' t gonna be able to afford anotherdevice裝置that ' s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.9to5Google publisher Seth Wein traub, who has bee n report ing on the

10、smartph on e-like glasses since late last year, said he is con fide nt that this type of wearable device will even tually be as com mon as smartphones."It juss like smartphones 10 years ago, "Weintraub said. “Afew people started getting emails on their phones, and people thought that was c

11、razy. Same kind of thing. We see people bending their heads to look at their smartphones, and it' s unnatural, he said. “ There improveme nts to that, and this a step there.【文章大意】作者介紹了一種迷你型的眼鏡的用途，以及不同的人對它的不同看法。I.One of the possible functions of the smartph on e-like glasses is toA. program the o

12、pe ning hours of a barB. supply you with a picture of the futureC. provide in formati on about your surro undingsD. update the maps and GPS in your smartph ones【解析】選 C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“.information onto the screen about one' ssurroundings.可知，這種迷你型的眼鏡有地圖和GPS裝置，可以在屏幕上顯示你周圍環(huán)境的信息，故答案選C。A、D表述錯誤;B項沒有提到。2.

13、 The underlined phrase“ pop up in the third paragraph probably means.“A. develop rapidlyB. get round quicklyC. appear immediatelyD. go over automatically【解析】選C。根據(jù)上句可知，這種眼鏡的屏幕上會顯示你周圍環(huán)境的信息，因此當你逛街的時候,指示器會立刻為你指明最近的咖啡館并繪制方向路線。3. According to Sam Biddle，the smartphone-like glasses are .A. n ecessary for t

14、ee nagersB. attractive to New YorkersC. available to people worldwideD. expe nsive for average con sumers【解析】選 D。推理判斷題。根據(jù) Sam Biddle 的話 “.beable to afford another device that ' s hundreds and hundreds of dollars.可知，他認'為這種眼鏡對于普通消費者來說是昂貴的，故答案選D。4. We can learn from the last two paragraphs that

15、 the smartphone-like glasses .A. may have a pote ntial marketB. are as com mon as smartph onesC. are popular among young adultsD. will be improved by a new tech no logy【解析】選 A。段落大意題。最后兩段是用Weintraub的觀點來說明這種 將會有很大的市場。B、C項還沒有實現(xiàn)；D項沒有提及。You can ' always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.

16、 But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn ' th ink that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That' s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with -tsscwingainumbrella.The desig ner says he came up with the idea after watchi ng people get wet o

17、n streets in Russia.“ On cel was drivi ng on a cen tral Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighti ng up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a can opy 傘篷built into a street lamp. he said.The Lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted w

18、ith an umbrella canopy. It has a built-i n electric motor which can ope n or close the umbrella on dema nd. Sen sors傳感器the n ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor, there's also a 360°motion sensor on the fiberglass stre

19、et lampwhich detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible l

20、ightning strike. Each Lampbrella would offer eno ugh shelter for several people. Being in stalled安裝at 2metres off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production, Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to

21、one Moscow Department, and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.【文章大意】本文是一篇科技說明文 , 主要介紹了設計師 Belyaev 的一項創(chuàng)造 Lampbrella 及 它的工作原理、平安性、應用前景等方面的知識。1. For what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A. To predict a

22、heavy rain.B. To check the weather forecast.C. To protect people from the rain.D. To remind people to take an umbrella.【解析】選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句.Belyaev doesn ' t think that forgettingto check the weather forecast.That' s why he createMa他創(chuàng)造elllaampbrella 的目的是為了防止人們被雨淋 , 所以選 C。2. What do we k

23、now from Belyaev' s words in Paragraph 2?A. His creation was inspired by an experience.B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知他的這種想法是在看到俄羅斯圣彼得堡一個中 心街道上人們被雨淋時產(chǎn)生的。所以選 A 。3. Which of the

24、following shows how the Lampbrella works?A. motor 宀 canopy 宀 sensorsB. sensors motorcanopyC. motor t sensorscanopyD. canopy t motor t sensors【解析】選 B 。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段 , 這種 Lampbrella 是一個被配備了傘篷 canopy 的路燈桿,它有一個內(nèi)置的電動機electric motor和幾個傳感器sensors,可以在下雨時給行人 提供保護。首先是傳感器感知有雨，然后通過電動機給傘篷提供動力。所以選 B。4. What does Pa

25、ragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A. Its moving speed. B. Its appeara nee.C. Its in stallati on. D. Its safety.【解析】選 D。主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段中的 .the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, .it would be groun ded to protect from possible light ning strike.及 Being in stalled at 2 metres off t

26、he ground.可知，本段主要在強調(diào) Lampbrella的平安性，所以選 D。5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The desig ner will ope n a compa ny to promote his product.B. The Lampbrella could be put into immediate product ion.C. The desig ner is con fide nt that his creati on is practical.D. The Lampbrella would be

27、 put on show in Moscow.【解析】選 C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ in sists his creato n could be in stalled on anystreet where.可知他認為自己的產(chǎn)品是很實用的。而A、D兩項沒提，B項錯在immediate,所以選CoFear may be felt in the heart as well as in the head, accord ing to a study that has found a link betwee n the cycles of a beati ng heart and the ch

28、a nee of some one feeli ng fear.Tests on healthy volunteers found that they were more likely to feel a sense of fear at the mome nt whe n their hearts are con tract ing收縮and pump ing blood around their bodies, compared with the point whe n the heartbeat is relaxed. Scien tists say the results sugges

29、t that the heart is able to in flue nee how the brain resp onds to a fearful event, depe nding on which point it is at in its regular cycle of con tract ion and relaxati on.Sarah Garfin kel at the Bright on and Sussex Medical School sai d: “ Our study shows for the first time that the way in which w

30、e deal with fear is different depending on when we see fearful pictures in relatio n to our heart.The study tested 20 healthy volun teers on their react ions to fear as they were show n pictures of fearful faces. Dr Garfi nkel said,“ The study showed that fearful faces are better no ticed whe nthe h

31、eart is pump ing tha n whe n it is relaxed. Thus our hearts can also affect what we see and what we don ' t see and guide whether we see fear.To further un dersta nd this relati on ship, the scie ntists also used a brain sca nner掃描儀to show how the brain in flue nces the way the heart cha nges a

32、pers on' s feeli ng of fear.We have found an importantmechanism by which the heart and brainspeak ' to each other tochange our feelings and reduce fear, Dr Garfinkel said.“ We hope that by in creas ing our un dersta nding about how fear is dealt with and ways that it could be reduced, we may

33、 be able to develop more successful treatments for anxiety disorders, and also for those who may be sufferi ng from serious stress disorder.1. What is the fin di ng of the study?A. One ' s heart affects how he feels fear.B. Fear is a result of one' s relaxed heartbeat.C. Fear has something t

34、o do with one' s health.D. One ' s fast heartbeats are ey to cause fear.2. The study was carried out by an alyz ing.A. volun teers' heartbeats whe n they saw terrible picturesB. the time volun teers saw fearful pictures and their health con diti onsC. volun teers ' react ions to horr

35、ible pictures and data frouiT tirai n sca nsD. differe nt pictures show n to volun teers and their heart-brain com muni cati on3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to“ mechanism in Paragraph 6?A. Order.B. System.C. Machi ne.D. Treatme nt.4. This study may con tribute to.A. treat ing an xi

36、ety and stress betterB. expla ining the cycle of fear and an xietyC. finding the key to the heart-brain com muni cati onD. un dersta nding differe nt fears in our hearts and headsKeys: 1-4. ACBABNot all bodies of water are so evidently alive as the Atlantic Ocean, an S-shaped body of water covering

37、33 million square miles. The Atlantic has, in a sense, replaced the Mediterranean as the inland sea of Western civilizatio n. Un like real inland seas, which seem stra ngely still, the Atlantic is rich in oceanic liveliness. It is perhaps not surprising that its vitality has been much writte n about

38、 by ancient poets.“ Storm at Sea , a short poem writte n around 700, is gen erally regarded as one of mankind earliest artistic representations of the Atlantic.When the wind is from the westAll the waves that cannot restTo the east must thun der onWhere the bright tree of the sunIs rooted in the oce

39、an s breasf.As the poem suggests, the Atla ntic is n ever dead and dull. It is an ocea n that moves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds of noise it is forever thundering, boiling, crashing, and whistli ng.It is easy to imagine the Atlantic trying to draw breathperhaps not so noticeably o

40、ut in mid-ocea n, but where it meets Ian d, its waters bath ing up and dow n a sandy beach. It mimics( 模 仿)n early perfectly the steady breathi ng of a living creature. It is filled with symbiotic existe nces, too; uni magi nable qua ntities of creatures, little and large alike, mix with in its dept

41、hs in a kind of oceanic harmony, giving to the waters a feeling of heartbeat, a kind of sub-ocean vitality. And it has a psychology. It has pers on alities: sometimes peaceful and pleasa nt, on rare occasi ons rough and wild; always it is strong and strik ing.1. Un like real inland seas, the Atla nt

42、ic Ocea n is.A. always en ergeticB. lack ing in liveli nessC. shaped like a squareD. favored by ancient poets2. What is the purpose of using the poem“ Storm at Sea in the passage?A. To describe the moveme nt of the waves.B. To show the stre ngth of the storm.C. To represe nt the power of the ocea n.

43、D. To prove the vast ness of the sea.3. What does the underlined word“ symbiotic mean?A. Livi ng together.B. Grow ing fast.C. Movi ng harm onio usly.D. Breathi ng peacefully.4.ln the last paragraph, the Atla ntic is compared to.A. a beautiful and poetic placeB. a flesh and blood pers onC. a won derf

44、ul worldKeys: 1-4. ACABD. a lovely an imal (1)A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.The paper, published this March in Psychology an

45、d Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germa ns betwee n ages 18 and 96.The surveys were con ducted every year from 1993 to 2003.Survey respondents受訪者were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10,am ong other questi ons.The research

46、ers found that young adults age 18 to 39 rout in ely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults age 40 to 64 more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfact ion

47、. Not only did they feel more satisfied tha n they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio比率of disability and death for the study period.“ We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than act ually observed was associated with a greater risk of

48、 disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade, wrote Frieder R.Lang, a professor at the University of EriangeJuremberg.Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions tha n people who expected a rosy f

49、uture.“ Seeinga dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may con tribute to tak ing improved precauti ons 預防措施, the authors wroteSurpris in gly, compared with those in poor health or who had low in comes, resp ondents who enjoyed good health or in come were associated wi

50、th expect ing a greater decli ne. Also, the researchers said that higher in come was related to a greater risk of disability.The authors of the study no ted that there were limitati ons to their con clusi ons. Ill ness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.Howev

51、er, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “ Wefound that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic, the authors concluded.1. Accord ing to the study, who made the most accurate predicti on of their

52、future life satisfact ion?A. Optimistic adults.B. Middle-aged adults.C. Adults in poor health.D. Adults of lower in come.2. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people.A. to fully enjoy their prese nt lifeB. to estimate their contribution accuratelyC. to take measures aga inst pot

53、e ntial risksD. to value health more highly than wealth3. How do people of higher in come see their future?A. They will earn less mon ey.B. They will become pessimistic.C. They will suffer men tal ill ness.D. They will have less time to enjoy life.4. What is the clear con clusi on of the study?A. Pe

54、ssimism guara ntees cha nces of survival.B. Good finan cial con diti on leads to good health.C. Medical treatme nt determ ines health outcomes.D. Expectatio ns of future life satisfacti on decli ne with age.Keys: 1 4. BCADWhen intern ati onal aid is give n, steps must be take n to en sure( 確保)that t

55、he aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a n atio n to give help directly to people in ano ther n ati on. The Un ited Nati ons Orga ni zati on (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the

56、 problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to g

57、ive other forms of help duri ng no rmal times. A com mon proverb says,Give me afish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could sh

58、are its tech no logy with ano ther. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or eve n in buildi ng satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed n ati ons. Sometime what is take n for gra nted, like the setti ng up of a water purificati on pla nt or the adm ini strati on of a sc