定語(yǔ)從句講解與練習(xí)

1、一 定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞 （a good book, a tall tree），或修飾整個(gè)主句的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。它的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞。被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, which, that, as關(guān)系副詞有：when, where, why。 一：關(guān)系代詞的用法1 Who指人，是主格，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)A. The man who is standing by the window is Toms brother. B. The man who talked to you just now is an engi

2、neer.C. This is the doctor who saved my mothers life. D. The boy who is reading newspaper to us is our monitor.2. whom指人， 是賓格，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)；在口語(yǔ)中及非正式文體中往往被省略A. Where is the boy (whom) I saw this morning? B. The fellow (whom) I spoke to made no answer first. Note: 口語(yǔ)中可用who代替whom。但如果關(guān)系代詞作定語(yǔ)從句中介詞的賓語(yǔ)，而且這個(gè)介詞又

3、放在它的前面時(shí)就不能用who代替；試比較：A. The boy (whom/ who) you spoke to is very clever. B. The boy to whom you spoke is very clever.3. whose多指人，也可指物，whose是所有格，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)； Please give me the book whose cover is green. Please give me the book the cover of which is green I live in a room whose window faces south. I li

4、ve in a room _ _ _ _ faces south.4. which指物， that指 物 或指 人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)可以被省略A. This is the book (which/ that) I bought yesterday. B. A knife is a tool that/ which is used to cut things. This is the girl who is very talented in English. A. This is the key (which/ that) you are looking for.

5、 B. The person (whom/ who/ that) he takes after is his mother.The babies whom the nurse is looking after are very healthy. This is the girl whom I am going to take care of. ( listen to, depend on, rely on, insist on, take care of, look for, look after, look at等固定短語(yǔ)，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開) 二 (一) 一般用that而不

6、用which1. 先行詞為all, little, much, everything, something, anything, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)All that can be done has been done. What can be done has been done. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. Everything (that) we saw was of great interest to us. Is there anything else (that) you need? There is

7、nothing in the world that can frighten the Chinese people. 2. 先行詞被all, little, much, every, some, any, no等修飾時(shí)A. Ive read all the books (that) you gave me. B. You can take any seat that is free.3. 先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí) This is the best novel (that) I ever read. He is the first boy that was admitted to Ho

8、ng Kong University. The first English novel (that) I read was written by Charles Dickens. This is the most exciting football match (that) I have ever watched.4. 先行詞被the only, the very, 修飾時(shí)A. That white flower is the only one (that) I really like. B. This is the very book (that) I want to find. .Is o

9、xygen the only gas that helps fire burn?Note:如果先行詞是人時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不受以上情況的制約,用that或who (whom)均可A. The first person (whom/ who/ that) I visited there was Mr. SmithB. Mary is the only girl (whom/who/ that) John has ever loved.5. 當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時(shí)(即先行詞既有人又有物時(shí))A. He talked about the teachers and schoo

10、ls (that) he had visited.B. The foreign guests spoke highly of the children and their shows (that) they saw in the kindergarten. 6. 當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí) ，定語(yǔ)從句要用that A. Who is the person that is standing at the gate? B. Which of the subjects (that) you are studying is the most difficult?7. 當(dāng)代替先行詞的

11、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，先行詞無(wú)論是人是物，引導(dǎo)詞多用thatA. China is not the country that it used to be. China is not what it used to be.B. She is not the girl that she was three years ago. She is not what she was.8. 當(dāng)主句以here/there be開頭時(shí)A. Here is a car in the police station that was stolen last month.B. There is a story th

12、at will surely interest you.9. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如一個(gè)用了關(guān)系代詞which，另一個(gè)多用that He works in the factory which produces color TV sets that sell well in Southeast Asia. (二)、 下列情況下，一般用which而不用that1. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中（指人用who指物用which）A. The bus, which was full, was surrounded by an angry crowd. B. Bamboo is hollow, whic

13、h makes it very light. 2. 在介詞之后，人用whom物用whichA. This is the room in which we planned our future life. B. this is the girl with whom I work.(三)、 指人時(shí)用who不用that1. 當(dāng)先行詞是泛指代詞he, they或指示代詞時(shí)，(those指人用who,指物 用which)A. He who does no work gets no pay. He who doesnt reach the Great wall is not a true man. B.

14、We are badly in need of those who are really in favor of this idea.2. 不定代詞one, ones, anyone等作先行詞時(shí)A. One who works without complaint is welcome here. Anyone who has enough money can go there. 三、關(guān)系代詞as的用法(一)、 as引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句       當(dāng)先行詞被the same, such, as, so修飾時(shí)，通常用as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句， A. Let chil

15、dren read such books as will make them better and wiser.B. Here is so big a stone as no man can lift. C. Id like to use the same tool as was used yesterday.D. Such a coat as you wear can be seen everywhere. ( Note: as從句和that從句都屬于定語(yǔ)從句范疇，但as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講的事物指同類的事物；that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講事物是“同一的”，即指

16、同一事物)A. This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. B. This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. (二)、 as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句      As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as代表整個(gè)主句 ，這種as從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，并有逗號(hào)和主句隔開；      A.  As we have seen, oceans cover more than 70 percent of the earth

17、.      B.  As is well known, China has the largest population in the world.     C.  He was late for school, as often happened. (as is often the case)    As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別；       As引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其位置可放在主

18、句之前也可放在主句之后；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。      A.  The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.      B.  As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. =Taiwan is a part of China, as is known to all. 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句為否

19、定時(shí)，常用which 引導(dǎo).  A.  He made a long speech, as was expected.   B.  He made a long speech, which was unexpected.  C.  Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句， 已形成一種固定搭配。其它常見的由as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句有：A. As has been sai

20、d before如上所述 . As is well known眾所周知 as was expected正如預(yù)料的那樣  As has been already pointed out  As we all can see 四、關(guān)系副詞的用法1.  When表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞；when= 介詞+which      A. I often thought of my childhood when ( ) I lived on a farm.    

21、 B. He will never forget the day when (_) he joined the party. Note: 當(dāng)先行詞為時(shí)間名詞時(shí)，用which/that還是用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句？Well remember the year (that/which) we spent together. Well remember the year  _ we stayed in the city. 2. where表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞是表地點(diǎn)的名詞；where=介詞(in/at/on) which:A. &

22、#160;One morning an elephant was led down the road _ they stood. B.  Africa is actually connected with Asia at the spot where/at which the Suez Canal was dug.C.  The factory where/in which I once worked is in the west of the city. 3 why表示原因，在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)。其先行詞只有表示原因的reason一個(gè)詞。A. The

23、 reason why winter is cooler is that the sun is far away from us. B. I should like to know the reason why (_ _ ) you changed your plan.注意： A. The reason why he didnt attend the meeting is that he was ill. B. The reason that he gave to her mother is untrue.4.當(dāng)way(方式，方法)作先行詞時(shí)，可用in which或that,也可省略。 You

24、d better change the way ( in which, that) you educate your children. I dont like the way (in which, that) you speak to your mother. 5. A. Tom is one of the boys who are often late. B. Tom is the (very/ only) one of the boys who ( )often late. C. This is one of the best books that _ ever been written

25、. 練習(xí)、定語(yǔ)從句 1. Yesterday Mr. Li finally bought his own house, _ is a hospital. A. in where B. to the east of which C. to the east of it D. in the east of that 2. My brother's purse, _ he put ￥1,000, was missing on the bus. A. there B. which C. in which D. that 3. The football match _ the students

26、competed yesterday was very wonderful. A. in which B. which C. in that D. that 4. The reason _ he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour. A. which B. in which C. for which D. of which 5. His glasses, _ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy. A. which B

27、. without which C. with which D. without those 6. The computer, _ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle. A. which B. for which C. that D. to that 7. In the past we lost many chances, _ we paid little attention. A. which B. that C. in which D. to which 8. The pen, _ I had been writing for ten y

28、ears, was broken. A. with which B. with that C. as D. with it 9. Mary has two brothers, _ are doctors. A. both of they B. both of whom C. both of them D. whom of both 10. The problem _ you argued about yesterday has been solved. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 11. My aunt bought me a book, the n

29、ame _ I have forgotten. A. of it B. which C. whose D. of which 12. On the way home I met my friend John, from _ home the thief had stolen a computer. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose 13. I hate the way _ you talk to your mother. A. by which B. on which C. in which D. which 14. At last we found the

30、hole in the wall _ the mouse got into the house last night. A. in which B. which C. through which D. by which 15. There are three girls in the room, _ is Tom's sister. A. the tallest of which B. the tallest of whom C. tallest of that D. tallest of which 16. I'll never forget the day _ I boug

31、ht my own guitar with my own money. A. where B. on which C. on when D. that 17. She is just the girl, with _ my brother came to visit me last month. A. whom B. her C. that D. who 18. Last night we saw two movies, _ was interesting. A. both of which B. neither of which C. both of them D. neither of t

32、hem 19. This is the house in _ I was born thirty years ago. A. it B. there C. which D. that 20. The reason for _ he failed in the exam was that he was too careless. A. which B. why C. that D. it三、選擇填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _

33、 is talking to my mother is a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the

34、camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. A. whom B. which C. who D. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning? A. when B. where C. which D. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over ther

35、e?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The man _ you talked just now is a worker. A. who B. whom C. to whom D. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom

36、the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swe

37、de did not understand the three questions _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign gues

38、ts, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomever

39、C. anyoneD. the one20. This is the school _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have

40、given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom26. Is this s

41、chool _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whichC. thatD. where27. Is this the school _ we visited three years ago?A. the oneB. whereC. in whichD. /28, How many students are there in your class _ homes are in the country?A. whoseB. who C. whomD. which29. Alice received an invitation from her bo

42、ss, _ came as a surprise.A. itB. whichC. thatD. he 30. The train was crowded and I had to get into a carriage _ already seven other people.A. when there wereB. which there wereC. that there wereD. where there were31. I live in the house _ windows face south. A. whichB. whoseC. whereD. in that32. - W

43、hat game is popular with them?- The _ most is tennis.A. game they like itB. game they likeC. best game they likeD. best game they like it33. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.A. whichB. which timeC. during which timeD. during which34. The room _ Mr White lives is not v

44、ery large. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when35. Dont forget the day _ you were received into the Youth League.A. whenB. thatC. at whichD. where36. Ive finished writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when37. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ wa

45、s unexpected.A. whichB. asC. thatD. it38. _ we is known to all, English is not very difficult to learn.A. WhatB. As C. ThatD. Which39. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War .A. whoseB. thatC. whomD. who40. I have bought two pens, _ write well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. both of whichD. all of which41. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?A. whyB. whichC