Unit4Pygmalion知識(shí)講解話題語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用

1、話題語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用文學(xué)作品和戲劇 編稿：牛新閣 審稿：王春霞 語(yǔ)言積累 交際用語(yǔ) 1推測(cè)、猜測(cè)I wonder whether. 我想是否 I think it 's because. 我想是因?yàn)?Is it possible that.? 是可能嗎？Do you know if.? 你知道是否 Perhaps / Maybe， but. 也許，但是 Do you really think that 's true? 你真的認(rèn)為那是真的嗎？2情感Why do you think Higgins felt like that? 你認(rèn)為希金斯為什么想要那個(gè) /做那件事？How did y

2、ou feel about your first lesson? 你感覺(jué)你的第一節(jié)課怎么樣？What do you think would make Eliza happier? 你認(rèn)為什么會(huì)讓伊萊扎高興些？Mrs. Pearce would comfort / encourage her by. 皮爾斯夫人會(huì)通過(guò) 來(lái)寬慰 /鼓勵(lì)她。surprised 驚奇的 confused 糊涂的worried 擔(dān)心的 upset 心煩的disappointed 失望的 amazed 吃驚的sobbing 抽泣 weeping 哭泣 , 流淚 laughing 大笑 hesitating 猶豫kindly

3、 溫和地 , 親切地 rudely 粗魯?shù)?gratefully 感激地gently 溫和地，慈祥地 happily 高興地 heartily 盡情地，堅(jiān)定地hopefully 懷有希望地 uncomfortably 不自在地 proudly 自豪地，傲慢地3判斷與評(píng)價(jià)You've made such progress and. 你已經(jīng)取得了這么大的進(jìn)步，而且 The problem was that. 問(wèn)題是 You were very good with . 你很擅長(zhǎng) （be good with sth. 在 有技巧 /嫻熟 ）Remember （never） to . 記?。ú唬?/p>

4、要 All in all ， you did very well. 總的來(lái)說(shuō)，你做的很好 I think you just need more practice. 我想你只是需要更多的練習(xí)。話題語(yǔ)句（ 1）Pygmalion 皮格馬利翁Pygmalion was a very gifted artist. He spent a long time making a stone statue of a beautiful woman. It was so beautiful that he couldn 't help loving it and wanted it to be his

5、wife. He went to the Greek Goddess Aphrodite to ask her to bring the statue to life . As a result of his prayers, his wish is granted and the statue is made into a real woman. The two marry and live happily ever after.The Greek myth was a popular subject for Victorian era English playwrights . Based

6、 on the classical myth, Bernard Shaw wrote a famous play Pygmalion .要點(diǎn)提示：grant批準(zhǔn)era時(shí)代，歷史時(shí)期（Victorian era維多利亞時(shí)代）playwright劇作家classical古典的myth神話George Bernard Shaw 蕭伯納George Bernard Shaw （1856-1950）, Irish dramatist, literary critic , a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century the

7、atre. Shaw was a freethinker , defender of women ' rights, and advocate of equality of in come. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money. He was a very humorous playwright.要點(diǎn)提示：Irish愛(ài)爾蘭的dramatist劇作家literary critic 文學(xué)評(píng)論家spokesman發(fā)言人thea

8、ter戲劇界advocate 提倡humorous富有幽默感的My Fair Lady窈窕淑女It is an adaptation of the play PygmalionIt is a musical made in 1956.It was filmed in 1964. The film was a huge success, winning eight Oscars.要點(diǎn)提示：adaptation改寫本，改編，適應(yīng)musical音樂(lè)的，音樂(lè)喜劇The same theme 同一主題Theme of the Greek story （希臘故事的主題）:Pygmalion, an art

9、ist , creates astatue from stone and makes it have a new life.Theme of the play by Shaw （蕭伯納戲劇的主題 ）:Higgins, a phonetics , creates a new girl Eliza from the lower class to the upper class by teach ing her En glish.Descripti on of each character人物描寫1. anxious （焦慮的）,emotional （易動(dòng)感情的）,ambitious （有抱負(fù)的）,

10、enthusiastic （熱情的）2. impatient （急躁的）,rude （粗魯?shù)模?proud （傲慢的）,superior （有優(yōu)越感的）,self-important （妄 自尊大的）3. kind （仁慈的）,polite （有教養(yǎng)的）,generous （慷慨的）,eager （熱切的）,confident （有信心的）, optimistic （樂(lè)觀的）【高清課堂：Pygnalion語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用】話題語(yǔ)句（2）Pygmali on effectThe term Pygmali on effect refers broadly to the effects of in terp

11、ersonal expectati ons, that is, the finding that what one pers on expects of ano ther can come to serve as a self-fulfilli ng prophecy.Our actions(towards Gibers) 、f Pygmalion、EffectOur beliefs =«亠亠. Others'beliefs(abovl cur&elves)CTTeCtetxxit u»)Others actions(towwds U5j要點(diǎn)提示:broad

12、ly概括地self-fulfilling自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的，本身自然會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的impact沖擊（力），影響Pygmalion effect皮格馬利翁效應(yīng) interpersonal人與人之間的 prophecy 預(yù)言 reinforce 增強(qiáng)Pygmalio n effect in the classroomIn 1965 Robert Rosenthal, professor of social psychology at Harvard University, and his colleague, con ducted an experime nt in a public eleme ntary s

13、chool, telli ng teachers that certa in children could be expected to be genius, ” “based on the studentsesults o' the Harvard Test of In fleeted Acquisition. In fact, the test was no nexistent and those childre n desig nated as “ genius were chose n at ran dom. What Rose nthal and Jacobs on hope

14、d to determine by this experime nt was the degree (if any) to which changes in teacher expectation produce changes in student achieveme nt.要點(diǎn)提示：psychology 心理學(xué)genius 天才nonexistent 不存在的desig nate指定at random任意地，隨便地Harvard Test of In flected Acquisitio n 哈佛習(xí)得變化測(cè)驗(yàn)The scie nee beh ind the Pygmali on effec

15、tThe reason why self-fulfilling prophecies work has to do with our subconscious mind. When ever we talk about a self-fulfill ing prophecy, for example whe n I say that I will be successful, I am imprinting this into my subconscious mind. The brain works in such a way that it remembers better whe n w

16、e repeat this, so every time I say it, this impri nt becomes stron ger.An in teresti ng interaction happe ns with the conscious m ind and the subc on scious mind. The con scious mind is heavily influe need by the subc on scious mind, but we hardly ever realize this. This in teract ion means that wha

17、tever we have impri nted in our subc on scious mind, will be pickedup consciously and executed (執(zhí)行).要點(diǎn)提示：subc on scious 下意識(shí)的，潛意識(shí)的impri nt銘記，印記in teract ion 相互作用have/be to do with 與有關(guān)Using self-fulfilling prophecies to your advantageActually, using the Pygmalion effect to your advantage is very simpl

18、e. The idea is actually very old, in the form of mantra （ 頌歌,咒語(yǔ)）.A mantra, which originates from Hinduism, is a form of prayer that has a powerful effect whe n repeated. As such, it is basically the Pygmalio n effect: repeat someth ing, so it becomes impri nted in your subc on scious mind. So the on

19、ly thing you have to do is create your mantra and keep repeating it. This does n 'have to be done out loud, you can do this sile ntly too. The key factor is repeat ing, so your subc on scious will pick up the idea and make it grow stron ger and stron ger.要點(diǎn)提示：to sb.'sadvantage對(duì)有利originate fr

20、om 來(lái)自Hinduism 印度教as such同樣地key factor關(guān)鍵因素A word of cauti onThe nasty matter of fact is that the Pygmalion effect can also be used in a bad way. Have you ever no ticed how people who claim that they always have bad luck . always have bad luck? The key here is to only concern yourself with positive th

21、inking. Stay away from bad ideas, because repeati ng those will also impri nt them in your subc on scious! 話題語(yǔ)句（3）有用的句子-試試你會(huì)了嗎？1. 一位語(yǔ)音學(xué)專家，堅(jiān)信一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)水平?jīng)Q定這個(gè)人的社會(huì)地位an expert in phonetics,that the of a person ' s Engliskdels（tiis / her2. 貧苦的賣花姑娘，立志要改善自己的生活a poor flower girl who is3. 陸軍軍官，后來(lái)成了希金斯教授的朋友。希

22、金斯還給上校安排了一項(xiàng)工作an officer in the army and later a friend of Higgins' who4. 附近一個(gè)穿著深色衣裙圍著羊毛圍巾的賣花姑娘也在躲雨。Nearby a flower girl weari ngand ais alsothe rain.5. 你把我當(dāng)成什么人了？What do you?6. 我還以為你可能是一個(gè)便衣警察呢。I thought maybe you were a policema n.7. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，人們對(duì)于他們認(rèn)為地位比他們高的人要更禮貌一些，而對(duì)于他們認(rèn)為地位低 一些的人，他們的禮貌就差一些。, people

23、 areto those who they thi nk areandto those they con sider are members of a lower class.8. 亨利希金斯和皮克林上校坐著專心地談話。Henry Higgi ns and Colonel Pickeri ng are sitt ing.9. 我本來(lái)很欣賞自己，因?yàn)槲夷芮逦匕l(fā)出24個(gè)元音來(lái)，而你卻發(fā)出了130個(gè)元音，你贏了我。Imyself because I cantwen ty-fourvowel soun ds; but your onehun dred and thirty beat me.10. 我

24、會(huì)為這個(gè)小賭當(dāng)裁判，而且課時(shí)費(fèi)也由我來(lái)付I' be thefor this little bet andtoo.參考答案：1. convinced; quality; position in society （convince sb. of sth./ to do sth.使某人確信 ）2. ambitious to improve herself （ ambitious 有抱負(fù)的）3. sets him a task4. dark garme nts; woole n scarf; shelteri ng from （shelter from 躲避）5. take me for （t

25、ake for 誤以為）6. in disguise （偽裝的，假扮的）7. Gen erally speak ing; more polite; of a higher social class （of 屬于）;less polite8. deep in conversation （專心談話）9. rather fan cied; pronounce; dist in ct （rather 相當(dāng)，頗；fancy on eself 自負(fù)，自命不凡；fancy 自 負(fù)，想象，設(shè)想，想要）10. referee; pay for the less ons寫作運(yùn)用 英語(yǔ)戲劇戲劇同小說(shuō)一樣有情節(jié)（pl

26、ot ）、人物（character）背景（setting ）、主題（theme）和風(fēng) 格（style）。戲劇一般分為幕（acts）和場(chǎng)（seenes）°場(chǎng)是幕中的部分，有的只分幕，不分 場(chǎng)。1. 劇本三要素：舞臺(tái)說(shuō)明、戲劇沖突、人物臺(tái)詞。舞臺(tái)說(shuō)明：幫助導(dǎo)演和演員掌握劇情，為演出提供相關(guān)說(shuō)明。戲劇沖突：劇中必須有一個(gè)矛盾沖突（問(wèn)題）供人物去解決，劇中所有的事件都與該 矛盾沖突有關(guān)。人物臺(tái)詞：即劇中人物的語(yǔ)言，是性格化的，有動(dòng)作性，因?yàn)槿宋锏恼Z(yǔ)言與人物的行 動(dòng)聯(lián)系在一起的。同時(shí)，人物的語(yǔ)言和動(dòng)作要合乎各自的身份和特征。臺(tái)詞的表現(xiàn)形式有： 對(duì)話、獨(dú)白、旁白、內(nèi)白（在后臺(tái)說(shuō)話）、潛臺(tái)詞等。2

27、. 時(shí)態(tài)：多用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。3. 舞臺(tái)說(shuō)明用斜體，置于括號(hào)中，常用省略句、動(dòng)詞-ing形式等。另外，本單元的話題寫作還可以拓展為書(shū)評(píng)、戲劇評(píng)論或有關(guān)皮格馬利翁效應(yīng)的內(nèi)容 的書(shū)面表達(dá)。話題寫作范文Example 1假如下面是Eliza的第一節(jié)課要結(jié)束時(shí)的場(chǎng)景，據(jù)此推測(cè)并編寫她與Mrs Pearce （女仆）的對(duì)話。H = Higgi nsCP = Colonel Pickeri ng E = ElizaE: The rai-ai n in Spai-ain falls mai-a in ly on the pla in.CP: Miss Doolittle, that 'so much bet

28、ter.H: Now, Eliza, go and practise by yourself . Keep your ton gue well forwardin stead of tryi ng toswallow it.E: (beg inning to cry) Oah! Oah!H : (an grily) Now Eliza, go and tell Mrs Pearce about this less on. Think about it and practise by yourself. Away with you!(Eliza is still sobbing , rushes

29、 from the room)CP: Now Henry, couldn ' you have been kinder to that poor girl after all the effort she made?參考范文:MP = Mrs Pearce E = ElizaMP: Ah Eliza, there you are! How did the first less on go?E: (very upset) Oh Mrs Pearce. I t was terrible.MP: Why do you thi nk like that? What happe ned?E: I

30、s it possible that I 'm bad at everything? First it was my appearanee and my clothes. Now it ' my pronun ciati on. Why they even made me say my ABC!MP: Dry your eyes, my dear. Let me encourage you. I'm sure they were just trying to help you. I know Mr Higgins is very keen on getting that

31、 right. He says that is the start of good speak ing.E: (feeling better) Oh do you really think that ' true? Perhaps hedidn 'tmean to unkind then!MP: Well, I know he 'snot quite a gen tlema n whe n it comes to a lady ' feeli ngs. He is so strict on you because he wants to win his bet

32、with Colonel Pickeri ng.E: Really! So he doesn 'just do it because he doesn'tlike me. Thank you Mrs Pearce. You have made me feel much better.Example 2假如下表是Higgins教授給Eliza上的第一節(jié)課的小結(jié)筆記，根據(jù)筆記來(lái)推測(cè)第二節(jié)課 的情況，寫一場(chǎng)小劇。What Eliza got rightWhat still n eeds to be improvedPronun ciati onShe got the phrases

33、and sentences correct after repeating them twice: Do you think I don 'tknow anything? ” a cup of tea ” The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain ”.Her ai" in The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain ” and her alphabet.Evaluati onShe learns quickly, and picks up new pronunciation very f

34、ast.參考范文：Act Two, Scene 3H = Higgi ns E = Eliza CP = Colonel Pickeri ng(Professor Higgi ns is wait ing for Eliza to come to their sec ond less on. He looks up and smiles as she en ters the room.)H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our sec ond less on?E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es.H: Well done, Eliza, th

35、at sounds better already. Don 'you think so, Pickering?CP: Yes, i ndeed.H: Well. Let 'try our sentences again, shall we? Let' see. There was a cup of tea”.E: A cu-up of te-ea.CP: Excellent , my dear. And first time too.H: Yes indeed. Now let 'stry “I don't know anything ”.E: I do

36、n 't know-ow any-thing.H: Amazing progress . Don 'tyou think so, Pickering? She 's really listening. Now, let 's do the last sentence “The rain in Spain stays mainly on the plain. ”E: The rain in Spain star-eyes mainly on the plar-eyen.H: Almost perfect . Just a little more work, Eli

37、za. “Stai-ays”and Plai-ain ”. Again please.E: The rain in Spain stay-ays mainly on the plai-ain.CP: Wonderful. She 'll soon be perfect.H: Excellent, Eliza. We 'll soon make a lady of you. Now off you go for a good lunch. Well done!拓展寫作范文Example 1皮格馬利翁 是蕭伯納根據(jù)一個(gè)希臘神話改寫的同名劇本， 學(xué)完此劇后， 你認(rèn)為此劇 如何？請(qǐng)為此

38、劇寫一篇短評(píng)。點(diǎn)撥：1. 這是一篇戲劇評(píng)論，首先要寫明戲劇的題目及作者，并對(duì)故事及人物、背景等作簡(jiǎn) 單介紹；2. 寫出你喜歡此劇的理由；3. 對(duì)特殊情節(jié)或人物作簡(jiǎn)述。4. 綜合評(píng)價(jià)此劇。參考范文：Review of Pygmalion by Bernard ShawI enjoyed studying the play Pygmalion very much. I found it bothamusing and interesting.Like the ancient Greek play, the theme of the play is change. In the Greek play

39、, the artist Pygmalion changes from a person who dislikes women to someone who loves one particular woman. In this modern play, Henry Higgins changes from a person who first dislikes Eliza to someone who does like Eliza though he will not admit it. In the Greek play, the statue changes from a stone into a real person. In this play, Eliza changes from a flower girl into a beautiful and accomplished lady.The play is set in the early 20 th century. It is at a time when social groups in society are fixed and they can be identified through clothes and languages. So when