初中英語(yǔ)講義教案初三語(yǔ)法五種基本句型講解和練習(xí)

1、句子成分和五種基本句型.、導(dǎo)入開(kāi) 心 * 刻1四只老鼠吹牛。甲：我每天都拿鼠藥當(dāng)糖吃； 乙：我一天不踩老鼠夾腳發(fā)癢； 丙: 我每天不過(guò)幾次大街不踏實(shí)；?。簳r(shí)間不早了，回家抱貓去咯。2一群螞蟻爬上了大象的背， 但被搖了下來(lái)，只有一只螞蟻死死地抱著大象的脖子 不放，下面的螞蟻大叫：掐死他，掐死他，小樣，還他媽反了！二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)回顧略(1)專題講解專題1：詞類(lèi)1.十大詞類(lèi)實(shí)詞：可以在句子里面充當(dāng)成分，可以獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)1 .名詞n.表示人和事物的名稱，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等2 .代詞pron.代替名詞數(shù)詞等，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等3 .動(dòng)詞v.表示動(dòng)作，做謂語(yǔ)4 .形容詞adj.表示人或事物的特征，作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，譯作5 .

2、副詞adv.表示動(dòng)作特征或性狀特征，修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞或其它副詞，做狀語(yǔ)，譯作“一地6 .數(shù)，num.表示數(shù)目或順序，做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等虛詞：不能獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)7 .冠詞art.用在名詞前幫助說(shuō)明其意義，a / an / the8 .介詞prep.用在名詞，代詞等前面，說(shuō)明它與別的詞之間的關(guān)系9 .連詞conj.用來(lái)連接詞與詞或句與句10 .感嘆詞interj.表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的感情或口氣專題2:句子成分1.句子成分概述組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫彳句子的成分，既 :主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ) 和謂語(yǔ)是句子的主體部分。1.主要成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)（必須有）一2.特定成分：賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)

3、語(yǔ)（在某種特定的句型里面出現(xiàn)）3.附加成分：定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)（可有可無(wú)，可多可少）2、句子各種成分的含義理解：1）、主語(yǔ)：句子的主角，一個(gè)句子在說(shuō)或討論誰(shuí)（啥），誰(shuí)（啥）就是主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)一般放在句首。（在 生+謂+賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 ）E.g : Tom is a doctor.My father and my mother are teachers.Today is my birthday.I can see a desk in the room.Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.Beijing is a go

4、od place to visit.2）、謂語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)必須是動(dòng)詞（be/情態(tài)/實(shí)意動(dòng)詞）。一般放在主語(yǔ)的后面。謂語(yǔ)要跟前面的主語(yǔ)在 人稱“和 數(shù)”上保持一致，丁叫主謂一致。E.g ： I am a teacher.My parents work in a school.You can swim.Lucy doesn t （homework every day The apple tastes good. He doesn t likenglish.I can t joithe club.3）、表語(yǔ)：表語(yǔ)對(duì)前面的主語(yǔ)表表明、表達(dá)、表現(xiàn)、表示的作用。表明了主語(yǔ)的身份、特征或 狀態(tài)。（表語(yǔ)

5、一般為名詞或形容詞：用干主+系+表”的結(jié)構(gòu)中。）E.g : I am Lily. I am a teacher. That sounds interesting. We must keep healthy. My dream is to be a teacher.My teacher looks excited.4）、賓語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者就是賓語(yǔ)。（在生+謂+賓”的句型結(jié)構(gòu)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。）E.g : They sing songs.The boy join the swimming club.The little dog looked at me.I have

6、a book.You like playing soccer.He is reading a newspaper.5）、定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)起修飾、形容作用，一般由形容詞充當(dāng)。（還可以由代詞、數(shù)詞充當(dāng)）E.g: It beautiful car.Beijing is a good place to visit.I have two big eyes.My father often takes a long walk.I have two pens.The red pen is Tom s.6）、狀語(yǔ)：狀語(yǔ)也起修飾作用，一般由副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng).在句中表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、條件、原因、結(jié)果、目的等。狀語(yǔ)用

7、來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞。（注：修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)通常放在動(dòng)詞后。He runs quickly.但有些副詞如 often,always, usually等作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在 be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前。）E.g ： He is very tall.He runs quickly.I often go to school at 7:00.I often have lunch at school.They sing this song in English.The teacher smiled in his office.If it rains tomorrow , we，ll stay at

8、horne條件狀語(yǔ)從句）We had to stay at home because of the rain.（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）I have to work hard so that I can pass the text.（目 的狀語(yǔ)從句）7）、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。E.g : He made the boy laugh.I found the dog running through our garden.We call him Little TigerI find learning English difficult. （difficult 是形容詞做賓補(bǔ)）I saw t

9、he kite up and down. （ up and down 是副詞做賓補(bǔ)）Tom made the girl cry. （cry 是動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)）形容詞和副詞的用法區(qū)別：-形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞。-副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞。E.g ： 1、I like the new book.（形容詞作定語(yǔ)）Lily is a happy girl.（形容詞作定語(yǔ)）2、He runs quickly.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)）Lily learns English happily.（副詞作狀語(yǔ)）及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的區(qū)分：及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞后可以直接涉及、加上一個(gè)物（或人）作賓語(yǔ)。E.g : I play f

10、ootball.Mother bought a new bag.不及物動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞后丕可以直接涉及、加上一個(gè)物（或人）作賓語(yǔ)。E.g ： He runs quickly.They swim every day.專題3:五種基本句型五種基本句型：英語(yǔ)句子是由主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞）、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等成分組成，按照這些成分的組合方式的不同，英語(yǔ)句子可分為五種基本句型。其他各種句型都是由這五種基本句型轉(zhuǎn)換來(lái)的。五種基本句型漢語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě)1、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（/、及物動(dòng)詞）S + V2、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)S + V + O3、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）+表語(yǔ)S + V + P4、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接

11、賓語(yǔ)S + V + INO + DO5、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)S + V + O + OC1）、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（不及物動(dòng)詞） 1、The teacher smiled.2、The boy can swim.3、The sun has risen.4、L donLknow5、The rain has stopped.2）、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)1、I love you.2、He helps us.3、She played the piano .4、The students played football.5、We study English.6、The children are watching T

12、V .3）、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）+表語(yǔ)（英語(yǔ)中有一類(lèi)動(dòng)詞叫連系動(dòng)詞.它后面用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) 是什么、怎么樣”的成分，叫做表語(yǔ)。）廠 Be 動(dòng)詞（am is are was were）連系動(dòng)詞-L 感官動(dòng)詞（look , sound , smell , taste , feel , seem ）1、My dad is old.2、Your pen is in the desk.3、The house is large.4、They are Chinese.5、These boxes are heavy.6、Lam 17 years old.7、That girl was me.8、You look

13、sad.9、It tastes good.（注：系動(dòng)詞be有時(shí)翻譯成 是”，更多的時(shí)候不譯出來(lái)，受中文影響，翻譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)容易丟掉。英語(yǔ)句子中必須有動(dòng)詞。丟掉連系動(dòng)詞，就是不完整的句子了。）4）、主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)分析下面句子：He gave us some money.2、He returned me the money .3、They sent their son a car.4、My uncle bought me a bike （last week）.5、Mother made me a new shirt （last Sunday）.5）、主語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)此句

14、型的句子的共同特點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞后只跟一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)還不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來(lái)補(bǔ)足賓語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明情況,才能使意思完整。1. They painted the door green.他們把門(mén)刷成綠色。（green,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明門(mén)的性質(zhì)）2. They found the house big.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)那房子很大。（big ,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明房子的狀態(tài)）3.I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.我看見(jiàn) Mr. Wang 上了公交車(chē)。（get on the bus,補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明 Mr. Wang 做了何事）從句：賓語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句、（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句）（注：哪個(gè)句子成分不再是簡(jiǎn)單的

15、單詞、短語(yǔ)，而是個(gè)完整的句子，它就會(huì)是一個(gè)相應(yīng)的從句。初中階段我們豐要了解賓語(yǔ)從句、岸語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句三種從句。）(2)變式練習(xí)一、選出句中謂語(yǔ)的中心詞.1、I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dontB. likeC. picture2、Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. go3、 There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the library4、Did the twi

16、ns have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. have5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didntC. do6、Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whom二、選出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)1、My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D2、People all over the world speak English.ABCD3、The 01d man said he was ill.ABC

17、4、 You will find the museum on the left.ABC5、You will find it_useful after you leave school.ABC6、They didnt know Tom.ABCD. wallD. busD. afternoonD. breakfastD. his homeworkD. book四、鞏固練習(xí)一、挑出下列句中的表適_1、The 01d man was feeling very tired ABC2、The leaves have turned yellow3、They look beautiful.ABC4、She w

18、as the first one.A B C二、選出下列句中的定堡_1、What is your English name?A B C2、The man downstairs sleeping.ABC3、Lam waiting for the tall boy.AB C4、The ojd. man is_ 90 years 01d.ABC三、選出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1、He asked her to take the boy out of school.ABC2、They call me Lily sometimes.AB C3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.AB

19、C 4、Did. you see Li Ming playing football on the playground四、選出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)1、Tom runs fast.ABC 2、There was a bjg smile on her face.A BC3、Every night he heard the noise .AB C4、He began to learn English when he was eleven.ABC5、She loves the library because she loves books.A BC五、拓展訓(xùn)練一、劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ) Please

20、tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?二、寫(xiě)出劃線部分的句子成分1. Lily is cleaning the desk now.2. Her garden is the best in our town.3. Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4. I like this book very much.5. The girl on the blue bike is Jane sister.6. She didn t come my party because she was ill.7. Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8. We will go to the Children s Pacace week.9. They are in the clas