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1、1.中文名與英文名:【中文名】由兩部分組成 姓和名,如:Wang Lili ,Sun Wukong.中文名用漢語拼音寫成,姓和名要分開寫,開頭字母都大寫。英文名與中文名順序恰好相反,名字在前,姓在后。如:JimAlanGreenFirst nameMiddle name Last name一 I IGiven name (教名)Family name (姓氏)【英文名】一般由三部分組成: 首名ffirst nam®、中名(middle name)和尾名(last name),其中 first name 和 middle name是后起的名字,也叫 given name (教名)。La

2、st name 是 家族沿用的名字,也叫 family name.【巧學妙記】先姓后名中文名,漢語拼音直寫成,姓和名要分開寫,開頭大寫才能行。英文名,大不同,前面名字后面姓,首名稱呼最常用,若要表示受尊重,Mr.Mrs.Miss.Ms.姓前用專項彳K練( )1.My full name is Jerry Harry Potter. My first name is_ and my family name is.A .Jerry Harry B .Jerry Potter C .Potter Jerry()2.I ' m Tom Green. You can call ( 稱呼)me A

3、. Mr. Tom B. Mr. Green C. Green2.物主代詞:在英語中,表示“你的,我的,他的,她的,它的,你們的,我們的,他們的”等意義的代詞形式就叫物主代詞。物主代詞是代詞的所有格形式,用來表示物品的歸屬 關系,即某物歸某人所有。人稱主格代詞物主代詞A人稱Imy我的第二人稱youyour你的,你們的第三人稱he/shehis/her 他的(她的)【主格代詞】在句中主要作主語,一般放在句首,說明是誰的情況。I am a student.我是一名學生。She is my sister.她是我的妹妹。He is in China now.他現(xiàn)在在中國?!疚镏鞔~】分為兩類,形容詞性

4、物主代詞作用相當于形容詞,在句中用于修飾名詞,如 my name ,your phone number ,his ruler ,her schoolbag.【巧學妙記】主格代詞作主語,放在句首說明誰,1, we ,you ,he ,she ,it ,they,一共七個來打擂。形物代詞形容用,說明某物歸屬誰,my, ,our, your ,his, her, its ,their,后有名詞做累贅。專項演練1 .用所給詞的適當形式填空:1 .What' s (you) name? (I)name is Helen.2 .This is my mother. (she) name is Ma

5、ria.3 .He is my teacher. (he) English is pretty good.4 .These are _ (I)books and those are _ (they) computer games.5 . (we)teacher is Mr. Wang. (he)mother is Liu Lili.2.單項選擇:( )1. This isn ' t _ pen. It ' s_ pen .A. my , her B . yours , hersC. my ,yours()2.Bill is doing _ homework(做家庭作業(yè)).A .

6、 her B. himC. his( )3. I have a boy friend. name is Bob. The bag is .A. Her ,hers B. His ,his C. He' s ,his()4. What ' s_telephone number? It ' s 1387457528.A .hisB. she ' s C. hers( )5. name is Alice and _ name is Eric.A. His, her B. Her, his C. Her, herUN工T2諳法精講精練1.指示代詞指示代詞家族主要有四名成

7、員,this, that, these和those 。指示代詞是用來指代、人或事物的,有單數(shù)和近指和漏指之分。this、that是單數(shù),these和those是復數(shù),this 與these表示近指,而 that和those表示遠指。This 來指代近處的單數(shù)人或事物;That 來指代遠處的單數(shù)人或事物;Theseh來指代近處的復事物;Those用來指代遠處的復事物。.This和that是單數(shù),在句中作主語時,后面跟be動;在含this或that的疑問句中,其疑問形式為:【Is this/that.,答語用r.代替回答。These和those是復數(shù),在句中作主語時,后面跟 be動詞4/.;在含t

8、hese或those的疑問句中,其疑問句形式為:【Are these/those?】,答語用* 代替回答。【巧學妙記】指示代詞用法歌訣:指示代詞一大家,兄弟四個笑哈哈。this, these離我近,that, those 跑遠了。this, that 是單數(shù),后面is跟著它,疑問總用it答。these, those 是復數(shù),作主語時跟著are , 疑問句中they來答。 【專項練習】 (1)改復數(shù)句。1 .This is my brother.- 2 .That is a pencil.- 3 2).改單數(shù)句。1 .Those are my books.- 2 .These are dicti

9、onaries.- 3 3).改一般疑問句并做肯定、否定回答。1 .This is my ruler. 2 .That ' s an orange. 3 .These are your pictures. 4 .Those are his grandparents. 【點津坊】:有be句子變疑問,先把be詞提向前。 注意改變大小寫,記住人稱對應變: 一、二互變,三不變,最后句末加問點。肯定yes否定no ,be詞隨著人稱來使喚。(those) is my sister.(4).用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. (this) are my parents and2 .This _ her s

10、choolbag and that3 .These my keys and those(5).單項選擇。()1.-What' s that ?-a map.A. That ' sC. They ' re()2.-Are those your parents ?.My parents are here.A. Yes, they areC. Yes, it isII.1名詞所有格】名詞所有格是表示所有關系的名詞形式, 所有格兩種形式。1 .有生命的【s】所有格一般表示有生命的人或動物的名詞要用【 物】形式。his jacket.(be)yours .(be)B. It &#

11、39; sD. This ' s8. No, it isn ' tD. No, they aren ' t用來說明某物歸某人所有,有s所有格和Lofs!所有格,構成【所有者(人或動物) 's+所有如 Bob' s pen , Helen ' s dictionary , Li Lei ' s ruler , Jane ' s books , the dog ' s name 等。【's所有格的構成有以下幾種情況:1. 不以s結尾的名詞,在詞尾加【slo如:Jack' s keys ,Alan ' s

12、 classroom , Children ' s Day 等。2.以s結尾的名詞,直接加o如:James' cousin, the girls ' teacher ,the dogs ' home , Mr.Jones ' office【名詞加s后的讀音規(guī)律:】1 .在清輔音后讀/s/2 .在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/3 .在/t/、/d/后面分別讀/ts/和/dz/4 .在/s/、/z/ 、/1 / /、/dz/ 后面讀 /iz/如果名詞是表示時間、距離、城市等意義的詞也可以通過加s構成所有格,如two hourswalk, three kilomete

13、rs ' distance , Zhao Dong ' s weather 等。如果表示兩個或兩個以上的人共有一件東西,則在最后一個名字之后加【's】;如果表示各自所有,則每個名字后都要加上【sThis is Lucy and Lily ' s mother.( 共同所有)Tom ' s and Jim ' s parents are in the teachers ' office.( 各自所有)點津坊105 .無生命的【Of】所有格:沒有生命的名詞,要用 of構成所有格,of和's相當于漢語中“的”的意思。其結構為:【所有物+

14、of+所有者】,此結構為倒裝結構,后面的詞修飾前面的詞。如:a map of China ,the old walls of Beijing.有時有生命的事物也可以用 of所有格來表示,如:The dog ' s name is Wangwang.=The name of the dog is Wangwang.有時,of所有格可以和s所有格合在一起連用,構成雙重所有格,即【.of +' s/名詞性物主代詞】.Here is a photo of Maria ' s.Alan is a good friend of mine.【專項演練】I.單項選擇()1.It'

15、; s not my jacket. It ' s.A. Gina ' B. Jones ' s C. Helen ' s()2.Where ' s the _ Office ?I can ' t find it .A. teacher ' s B. teachers' C. Teachers '()3.This is a mapChina.A. atB. ofC. in()4.Helen is a friend of.I like her very much.A. my B. mine C. me()5.This cla

16、ssroom is .A. Maria ' s and Frank' sB. Marias ' and Franks'C. Maria and Frank ' s()6.That ' s a photo of .She looks so beautiful.A. Eric ' s B. Alice ' s C. James ' s()7. parents are at school now.A. Mike' s and Jack ' sB. Mike and Jack ' sC. Mike'

17、 s and JackD. 8. dog are over there.A. Lily ' s parent ' s B. Lily ' s parents ' C. Lily parent ' s ()9.Here ' s a picture .A. of her B. of hers C. of our()10.June 1st(六月一日)is the _ Day.A. Child ' s B. children ' s C. Children ' sII.改寫同義句。1 .Here is my family phot

18、o.Here is a my .2 .Lucy is one of his friends.Lucy is .3 .What' s the name of the dog ?What' s the?4 .Beijing ' s weather( 天氣)is fine now.The is fine now.5.This is Jim ' s father and mother ' s room.This is Jim ' s room.1.1名詞性物主代詞】:【物主代詞】 是一種表示所屬關系的代詞形式,往往表示“我的,你的,她的(他的,它的),我

19、們的,你們的,他們的”的意思。物主代詞可以分為兩類:形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代 詞。形容詞性物主代詞作用相當于形容詞,主要用來修飾名詞作定語。而名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞,在意義上相當于他所對應的形容詞物主代詞+前面提到的某一名詞。This is my pencil.=This pencil is mine .These books are hers.=These are her books .數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)類型意義我的你的他(她,它)的我們的你們的他們的形容詞性物主代詞myyourhis ,her ,itsouryourtheir1名詞性物主代詞 Vmineyourshis ,hers

20、,itsoursyourstheirs7除了 mine ,his 和its外,其他的名詞性物主代詞都是在形容詞性物主代詞的后面加“s”構成?!军c津坊】巧選名物與形物口訣:有名(詞)則形(容詞性物主代詞),無名(詞)則名(詞性物主代詞)。【專項練習+能力培養(yǎng)】I.選詞填空。I.This is (my ,mine)pen and that ' s _ (your, yours).2.I can ' t find_ (hers, her) ruler. Can you lend me_ (your, yours)?3.-Are these books (her ,his)?-No,

21、they ' re _ (theirs, our).1.1 have a dog . (It ' s ,Its) name is Coco .5 .-Is that dictionary _ (your, yours)?-No ,it ' s (her ,hers).II.用所給詞的適當形式填空。6 .This is _ (I) eraser and thats (you) schoolbag .7 .These are_ (he) dictionaries and those are_ (she).8 .-Is this _ (you) teacher ?-Yes,

22、it ' s (we).9 .This is not_ (we) classroom .It ' s _ (they)classroom .10 .Look at the hat. (it) color is red and it' s (she).III. 單項選擇。()11.-Is this _ pen?-Yes , it is .It ' s .A. your; my B. yours; my C. your ,mine()12.-Are those pens?-No . are black.A. his, His B. he ,His C. hers ,

23、Hers D. her ,His()13.The boy has some photos in _ room .A . her B. hers C. hisD .its()14.-Hi,Jane.Is this _ computer game ?-Oh ,no . computer game is in the bookcase .A .my; My B. his; His C. mine; Your D. your ;My()15.-Is this _ notebook ?-No ,it isn ' t .A theirs ;their B .your ,mine C. your ,

24、my D. hers ,hisIV. 句型轉換。把下列句子改為同義句。16 .This is my book .This is .17 .The blue pen is mine .This is .18 .That s his green bag .That green bag .19 .Are these your dictionaries ?Are these ?20 .These are her books .These .2. 【確認物主關系的一般疑問句】請看下面幾組句子:This is my eraser .這是我的橡皮。That is your schoolbag .那是你的書包

25、。These are her dictionaries .這些是她的詞典。Those are his teachers . 那些是他的老師。這些句子你一定不陌生吧。接下來我們看看他們的一般疑問句是什么樣子的:This is my eraser .Is this your eraser ?That is your schoolbag .Is that my schoolbag ?These are her dictionaries .Are these her dictionaries ?Those are his teachers .Are those his teachers ?你一定發(fā)現(xiàn)變

26、一般疑問句的規(guī)律了吧!這些疑問句都是確認物主關系的,含有指示代詞和be動詞。這樣的句子變一般疑問句,首先把be動詞提到句前,然后改變大小寫(原來大寫的要小寫,提到前面的要大寫),接著人稱對應變(一二互變三不變),最后句末加標點(?)。你明白了嗎?請 你一定要記住以下句型:【Is this/that your.?Yes it is ./No, it isn' t.【Are these/those your. ?Yes, they are./No, they aren' t.【專項練習+能力培養(yǎng)】改寫一般疑問句,并作肯定和否定回答。1 .These are my computer

27、games .2 .That ' s his ID card .3 .Those are her books .4 .This is your hat .5 .These are his keys .6 .【感謝及其應答語】英語中,得到了別人的幫助,受到了別人的贊美或邀請都要表示感謝?!俺R姷母兄x語“ 除了 Thank you 和 Thanks 之外,還有 Thank you very much ./Thanks a lot ./It ' s very kind of you.等說法。“感謝的答語” 可以說:You ' re welcome./That ' s

28、OK./That ' s all right./It ' s a pleasure./My pleasure./ Don ' t mention it./It ' s nothing./Not at all.(不用謝,別客氣)【典題演練】()1.-Thank you for helping me .- A. OK. B. You ' re welcome C. That ' s right. D. Nothing .2.Thank you very much.( 同義句)441 .【介詞短語】【介詞】是一種虛詞,常常介于名詞或代詞之間,用來幫助說

29、明他們之間的關系。介詞和它后 面的名詞或代詞一起構成介詞短語,可以用來說明時間、地點、工具、手段等意義。我們先來看看下面的句子:My friend is in China now .我的朋友現(xiàn)在在中國。Where' s my schoolbag? It ' s on the desk. 我的書包在哪兒?在桌子上。Linda ' s pencil box is under the sofa .琳達的鉛筆盒在沙發(fā)下。這里的in China, on the desk ,under the sofa是用來描述物品位置的介詞短語,像 in, on, under, behind ,

30、in front of ,next to等描述位置的介詞叫方位介詞,它們后面的名詞或代詞叫介詞賓語,介詞短語的結構為【介詞 +the/物主代詞+名詞,在句中可以作定語、表語、狀語、 補足語等成分,對于介詞短語提問要用疑問詞 where】。下圖描述了常見的三種位置關系:The star is on the box.The ball is in the box.The sun is under the box.in【專項練習典題導練】用合適的介詞(on, in, under) 填空.1 .My pens are _ my pencil box .2 .-Is your ruler _ the sc

31、hoolbag?-No, it ' s _ the floor(地板).3 .The pictures are _ the wall(墻)and there are (有)some windows (窗戶) thewall .4 .There aremany (許多)apples _ the tree( 科), and some birds( 鳥)are singing(唱歌)the tree .5 .Kate is ill _ bed and her computer game is _ her bed ,too .6 .Lu Nan ' s books are on the

32、 desk ,but Li Ping' s books are the desk .【難點點撥】有幾組介詞短語意思相同,但要注意辨別他們用法的細微差別:1. 在床上 on the bed/in bed:on the bed表示物品放在床上,且 bed前有定冠詞the ,如 Myquilt is on the bed.而in bed 表示人躺在床上,此時不用冠詞 the ,如Li Lei is ill in bed and he can' t go to school.2. 在墻上 on the wall/in the wall:On the wall 表示某物貝占在墻的表面,如

33、 There are some pictures, a map and a blackboard on the wall. in the wall表示某物鑲嵌在墻的內部,如 In the wall are some windows( 窗戶)。3. 在樹上 on the tree/in the treeOn the tree表示樹上自然生長的東西,屬于樹的一部分,如 The apples on the tree are red.而In the tree表示外來的事物落在樹上,如 The kites are hanging in the tree.(風箏掛在了樹上)【巧學妙記】用in用on不一樣在

34、樹上,用in、on,on the tree樹上長,in是外來事物落樹上。在墻上,用in、on, 貼在表面on在上,In在墻里門和窗; 在床上,用 in、on, 人若生病躺床上, in 后無 the 記心上, 要是把物放床上, On the bed 是榜樣。2. where引導的特殊疑問句】由where引導的特殊疑問句用來詢問人或物的位置,其基本結構為【 Where is/are + 主語?】(1)當詢問的對象為 單數(shù)名詞,要使用句型Where' s+ the/物主代詞+單數(shù)名詞?】,其答語形式為【It ' s +介詞短語】。-Mom, where ' s my penc

35、il box? 媽媽,我的鉛筆盒在哪里?-It ' s in the bookcase.在書架上。(2)當詢問的對象為 復數(shù)名詞,要使用句型Where are+ the/物主代詞+復數(shù)名詞?】,其答語 形式為【They' re +介詞短語】。-Where are the clocks? 鐘表在哪里?-They ' re on the table.在桌子上?!镜漕}導練】1 .( ) -Where _ the radio? - on the desk .A. is ,It ' s B. are ,They ' re C. is ,They ' re

36、D. are ,It ' s2 .The tape is in the tape player .( 就劃線部分提問) the tape player ?3 .我的英語書在哪里?他們在你的書包里。(翻譯句子).【專項練習+能力培養(yǎng)】句型轉換:就劃線部分提問。1 .My tape player is under the chair. tape player ?2 .His keys are on the sofa . his keys ?3 .Her rulers are on her books . her rulers ?4 .His pen and book are in the

37、desk. his pen and book ?5 .Your hat is in the bookcase . hat ?3.【含be動詞的句子否定句的構成】be動詞大家一定不陌生,包括 am, is和are三種形式,它們都表示“是”的意思 ,它們和后 面的名詞或形容詞一起構成系表結構,用來說明主語的情況,即【主語+be +表語】。I ama student.This is my sister. Here are two nice photos of my family.本單元我們主要討論它們的否定形式。I am a student.(否定形式)I am not a student .Thi

38、s is my sister.(否定形式) This is not my sister .They are his keys.(否定形式) They are not his keys .怎么樣,你知道怎樣把一個含be動詞的句子變否定句了嗎?對了,這里的竅門就是在 be動詞(am ,is, are ) 的后面力口 not,其中 is 和 are 與 not 可以縮寫為:isn ' t=is not , aren ' t=are not ,am和not不能縮寫,句中如果有some要改成 any。【巧學妙記】be動詞變疑問句、否定句歌訣:有be句子變疑問,先把 be詞提向前,注意改變

39、大小寫,記住人稱對應變,一二互變三不變,最后句末加標點。變否定,也不難,be后再把not添,是否縮寫看著辦,some要用any換?!緦m椦菥殹吭嚫南铝芯渥訛榉穸ň洌? .My notebooks are under the chair.- 2 .The pencil box is in the schoolbag .- 3 .I am tidy and Mike is tidy .- 4.It ,s under the chair.- .5They' re. some English books .-前面我們學過 Have a good day.這樣的句子,have表示“經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)受”的

40、意思。本單元我們學習的have表示“有,擁有”的意思,用來表達物品的所屬關系。常用的句式為【某人或某物+have/has+某物】,表示“某人或某物有某物”have有人稱和數(shù)的變化:1.當主語是I,WE,YOU,THEY或名詞復數(shù)等非三單主語時,要用 have表示“有”。I have a brother. His name's Tom.We have a new teacher this term.I,WE,YOU,THEY或名詞復數(shù)have.You have two soccer balls ,four volleyballs and eight basketballs.They ha

41、ve a nice classroom.The girls have a good teacher其一般疑問句結構為【Do+非三單主語+動詞原形 have+其他成分?】,答語形式為【Yes,主語+do./No,主語+don' t.-Do you have a dictionary?-Yes, I do .-Do they have a car?-No, they don其否定結構為【非三單主語+don' t+動詞原形have+其他成分.I don ' t have a watch and they dont have ,either.We don' t have

42、 baseballs or baseball bats.2.當主語是he, she, it或單數(shù)名詞等第三人稱單數(shù)主語時,要用has表示“有"。Wang Bo has a ping-pong ball and three ping-pong bats .He has a happy family .She has a son and a daughter .Zhao Xi has a desk and it has three legs(IT或單其一般疑問句結構 為【Does+三單主語+動詞原形 have+其他成分】+does./No,主語 +doesn' t.,答語形嗷為;

43、而Yes,主語77Does she have a soccer ball? No, she doesnDoes Alan have a basketball? Yes ,he does.其否定句為【三單主語+doesn' t+動詞原形have+其他成分.He doesn t have a volleyball.have a ping-pongJane doesn t have a ping-pong ball and she doesn t ball.【巧學妙記】have/has 用法口訣:have/has 表示“有”,隨著人稱來改變:I,WE,YOU,THEY非三單,have緊緊跟后

44、邊;疑問就把Do放前,否定don' t動前站。HE,SHE,IT 是三單,定把has 勤召喚;疑問 does 加動原,否定doesn t 動原前。【專項練習?能力培養(yǎng)】1. 用 have 和 has 填空。1.1 a clock and he _ a watch .2 .We _ an English teacher .She _ a son and a daughter .3 .Wang Qiang _ a baseball bat and Li Ming _ a ping-pong bat.4 .The girl _ a purple cup .5 .You _ good pare

45、nts ,and they _ a good son .II. 將下列句子改為一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答。1 .I have five tennis balls.2.Bill has three baseballs3 .We have a nice room.4 .He has two cousins .5 .They have some soccer balls .III.將下列句子改成否定句。1.He has a brother .2.I have six tennis balls .3 .Jim has a basketball .4 .They have a soccer ball

46、.5 .Linda has a computer game .2. Let用于提建議的句型。我們先來看看本單元出現(xiàn)的幾組句子:Let'sgo. 讓我們走。Let'splay. 讓我們玩。Let'sask . 讓我們問問。Let'splay basketball .讓我們打籃球。Let me get it.讓我去取。Let sb. do sth.的結構,表示“讓這兩個句子 let 后面要用賓格【Let】引導的句子為祈使句, 可以用來提出建議或發(fā)出邀請,Let為使役動詞,表示“使、讓”的意思,后面要使用賓格代詞和動詞原形。常常構成【某人做某事”的意思。/ 人【典題導

47、練】用所給詞的適當形式填空。下面三個句子 let 1fLet _ (we) play soccer .要用動詞原形 記住 2.Let (I) look at your notebook .啊!3.Let him (get) the baseball bat .4 .Let her _ (go) to Beijing now .5 .Let them _ (play) table tennis( 乒乓球).3.玩球類游戲的說法。我們本單元主要學習的動詞是have, let和play ,下面我們就來學習play的用法。Play是“玩”的意思,后面可以直接加球類名詞,構成【 play+球類名詞】結構

48、,表示“玩某種球類游戲”的意思。play basketballplay ping-pongplay volleyballplay soccer 踢足球打籃球打乒乓球=play table tennis打排球play tennis 玩網(wǎng)球play baseball 打棒球注音!荏球類名詞前不加任何冠詞,此種現(xiàn)象叫零冠詞,下單元三餐類名詞也是這種用法,但是在樂器名詞前要加定冠詞 the,如 play the piano ,play the guitar ,play the violion等 。【典題導練】()-Let ' s .-That sounds great .A. play bas

49、ketball B. play a basketball C .play the basketball4.連詞and和but的用法?!具B詞】是起連接作用的詞,可以連接詞與詞、詞組與詞組或句子與句子。按其表意及在句 中的作用,可分為并列連詞和從屬連詞。我們現(xiàn)在學到的連詞有and和but ,它們都是并列連詞,但是在句子中的作用卻差別很大。1 .【and】"和,又;而且;還有“表示并列關系的and,可以連接詞與詞,表示“和”的意思,所連接的成分需對等,and連接的并列成分作主語時,看作復數(shù);and連接多個成分時,在最后兩個詞之間加and。He and I are both students

50、.I have four volleyballs and seven tennis balls .San mao likes soccer, volleyball ,baseball and basketball .【典題導練】1.You and I _ (be)at school now .2.Lily and her father _ (have) a good day.And連接兩個句子屬于順接,兩個句子或者是并列關系(地位相同,同等重要),意為“而,并且”,或可不用翻譯;或者是遞進關系,表示先后順序或起承上啟下的作用,意為“還有,然 后,接著”。I like apples and sh

51、e likes bananas .(并列關系 )遞進關系)This is my dictionary .And is this your jacket ?(順承關系)I go to Beijing and see some places of interests .(【典題導練】()I have a ping-pong ball _ he has three ping-pong bats.A .but B. and C. or2.【but】“但是,然而"【but】是表示轉折關系的并列連詞,連接的兩個句子前后句意相對或相反,屬于逆接,放在后一個句子前時要用“,”隔開。I like vo

52、lleyball ,but I don' t like soccer .Li Nan likes black ,but Li Ping likes white .【典題導練】()1.Wang Li is a girl , Wang Jun is a boy .A. or B. and C. but D./()2.I' m tidy, Bill is not .A. and B. but C./ D. or1 .【可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞】【名詞】是表示人或事物名稱的詞。大體上名詞可分為兩類:專有名詞和普通名詞。專有名詞是個別的人、 事物、地點等專有的名稱,如人名Jane、地名Chi

53、na、機構名the Palace文口 teacher , apple、beautyMuseum等,一般開頭字母要大寫,具有差異性的特點。普通名詞是一類人或事物共有的名字或是一個抽象的概念的名稱, 等,具有普遍性的特點。我們現(xiàn)在學到的大多數(shù)名詞都是普通名詞。普通名詞又可分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質名 詞和抽象名詞。根據(jù)名詞表示的事物的性質又可分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。個體名詞和集體名 詞是可數(shù)名詞,物質名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞。我們主要來學習可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。(1)可數(shù)名詞其本身可以用來計數(shù)的名詞是可數(shù)名詞,如: desk, banana ,student 等。表示"一個&quo

54、t;的 概念時屬于單數(shù),單數(shù)名詞前要用不定冠詞a或an ,如a map , an orange ;表示“兩個或兩個以上(多個)”時屬于復數(shù),要在名詞詞尾加 -s或-es ,如three books , five keys 等??蓴?shù)名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)律是:1 .多數(shù)在名詞詞尾力口 -s: hamburgers ,oranges ,bananas ,pears ,apples .vegetables .2 .以 S,SH,CH,X 或 O結尾的名詞,在詞尾加 -es: boxes .watches .buses .tomatoes .3 .以“輔音字母 +y”結尾的名詞,變 y 為 i 再加-es:

55、families .dictionaries .strawberries .4 .以"f 或 fe "結尾的名詞, 把"f 或 fe "變成-ves : knife-knives , leaf-leaves , shelf-shelves【巧學妙記】名詞用法歌訣:可數(shù)名詞可以數(shù),單數(shù)復數(shù)要記住,一個為單多個復,不定冠詞愛單數(shù)。復數(shù)變化有規(guī)則,直接加-s占多數(shù),四十七只圓牯轆,-es后面緊跟住,y變i記清楚,v來替換fe或f.然后詞尾加上-es,保你學得不糊涂。(2)不可數(shù)名詞本身無法用數(shù)目來計算的名詞叫不可數(shù)名詞。如 bread, milk. salad

56、. chicken 等。不可數(shù)名詞 沒有復數(shù)形式變化,若要表示數(shù)量,需要用物量短語“容器單位名詞+of.來表示,如a cupof tea .two bags of rice .seven pieces of bread等。另外,有些名詞既可以作為可數(shù)名詞,也可以作為不可數(shù)名詞,但是在意義上卻有不同。名詞/、可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞ice cream冰激凌強調"份數(shù)"。two icecreams.salad沙拉three saladsfood食物強調"種類"。five foods.fruit水果six fruitschicken雞肉小雞 four chickens區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞不育臺簡單地按照漢語思維去考慮,因為在中文里認為是可數(shù)的,語里卻是不可數(shù)的,如 paper (紙),bread (面包)。我們在學這些詞的時候要邊學邊記,善于總 結和思考,以后我們會對這些名詞作全面的總結?!窘棠阋徽小?區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞一分為二

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