初中定語(yǔ)從句講解及習(xí)題

1、定語(yǔ)從句一、含義：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語(yǔ)從句，它所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語(yǔ)從句二、關(guān)系代詞1）關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。2）關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom在一般情況下可以省略。做主語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)可省，做介詞賓語(yǔ)不可省略。1. who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。I know about the man who spoke to you just now.The man (who) we invited to the party is Professor Smi

2、th.2. whom 指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，口語(yǔ)中也可用who代替。Here is the man (whom/who) you are looking for.3. whose可修飾人也可修飾物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world.指物時(shí)：whose + n. = the + n. + of which/whom.The room whose windows face south is mine.= The room the windows of which face south i

3、s mine.4. which指物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。China is a country which has a long history.5. that既指人也可指物，從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，可代替who, whom, which，但習(xí)慣上常用who, whom指人，用which指物。The woman that spoke to me in the bookstore used to live next door.三、只能用that不用which的情況1. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：This is the best book (that) I have ev

4、er read.2. 先行詞是不定代詞all, little, much, everything等。如：I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun. 我想把魯迅的著作全讀完。3. 先行詞被any, every, no, one of, the only, the right, last, just等詞修飾。 Are there any questions that trouble you much?4. 先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)。 They talked about the schools and teachers that t

5、hey had visited.5. 當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there.6. 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作to be的表語(yǔ)時(shí)。 Tom isnt the boy that he used to be.7. 先行詞前有such或the same修飾，先行詞和關(guān)系代詞指同一物時(shí)。 This is the same bike that I lost two weeks ago.四、只能用which不能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況。1. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)。This is the

6、 house in which he once lived.2. 代替句子一部分或全部。She studies hard at school, which makes her parents happy.五、只能用who不能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況。1. 先行詞指人的不定代詞時(shí)，如one, anyone, no one, all, anybody等All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.2. 先行詞是those且指人時(shí)。Those who want to go to the cinema wil

7、l have to wait at the gate of the school.3. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時(shí)。There is a young lady who asks for you.七、關(guān)系副詞when/where/why代替先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。1. when表時(shí)間，先行詞是時(shí)間名詞，如time, day, hour, year等。I cant forget the night when I came to the farm.2. where表地點(diǎn)，先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，如place, factory, house, village等。The factory whe

8、re his father works is in the west of the city.3. why表原因，先行詞是reason.This is the reason why he left early.初中定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)題1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. thatB. whoC. whomD. this2. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing?A. whichB. whereC. in whichD. what3. The man _ lives next to us

9、is my English teacher. A. whomB. which C. whoD. /4. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one whoD. The students who5. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C

10、. which D. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8. This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9. Can you lend me the book _the

11、other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12. The engineer _my fath

12、er works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13. It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose14. The boy _ has two lovely dogs.A. who live next doorB. which lives next doorC. whom lives next doorD. that lives next door15.

13、I can still remember the sitting room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. whichC. that D. where16. Finally the thief handed in everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. whichB. that C. what D. whatever17. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A.

14、which B. whomC. thatD. who18. Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. with whom I wentB. I went with C. with who I wentD. I went with him19. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in thatB. whenC. whereD. there20. He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the scho

15、ol.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21. The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23. Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it.A. who; / B. /; whom C.

16、whom; / D. /; who24. I lost a book, _I cant remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25. Last summer we visited the West Lake, _ Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26. I can never forget the day _ we worked together and

17、 the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when27. The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D. / 28. This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which29. This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I