UnitEncyclopaedias詞匯

1、1. Unit 1 Encyclopaedias 詞匯Date:_ name:_【知識(shí)要點(diǎn)】必記單詞：encyclopaedia 百科全書 dinosaur 恐龍 human 人的 Italian 意大利人 perhaps 可能，大概 inventor 發(fā)明家 invention 發(fā)明 musician 音樂(lè)家 notebook 筆記本 scientist 科學(xué)家 include 包括，包含 born 出生 even 甚至 countryside 鄉(xiāng)村，農(nóng)村 however 然而 intelligence 才智，智慧 suddenly 突然，忽然 artistic 有藝術(shù)天賦的 nobody

2、沒(méi)有人 ability 才能，能力 fossil 化石 win 獲勝，贏 dollar 美元必記短語(yǔ):listen to 聽 learn about 了解到 talk about 談?wù)?be born 出生in the countryside 在鄉(xiāng)村，在農(nóng)村 human being 人 for example 例如 die out 滅絕，消失 at the end of 在.的盡頭，在.的末尾 more than 多于 used to 過(guò)去常常 know about 知道關(guān)于.的情況one day 有一天 be famous for 因.而出名 so much 如此多find out 了解到，

3、弄清 by the window 在窗戶旁邊 next to 挨著 be interested in 對(duì).感興趣 be sure 確信 go for a walk 去散步 in the mountains 在山上 do with 處理 in the newspaper 在報(bào)紙上 all kinds of 各種各樣的 a number of 許多，大量 since then 自從那時(shí) be made up of 由.組成，構(gòu)成 connect.to 把.和.連接起來(lái)詞匯解析：1、human 人的，也寫作human beingDogs can hear much better than human

4、s. 狗的聽覺(jué)比人靈敏的多。2、learn about 獲悉，得知，了解到about是介詞，后面接名詞，代詞做賓語(yǔ)，about 也可用of代替。例：We're all sorry to learn about her illness. 聽到她生病的消息，我們都很難過(guò)。3、listen to 意為“聽”，若表示聽某人或某事時(shí)，后面要加介詞to，to后接名詞或代詞。listen 意為“聽”，指聽的過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。 例：Listen to a radio programme about the “Human Encyclopedia”.聽關(guān)于“百科全書”的廣播節(jié)

5、目。4、inventor 發(fā)明家 eg: He is a famous inventor. 他是一位有名的發(fā)明家?！就卣埂浚?）invent v. 發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造，指發(fā)明、創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的是以前沒(méi)有的東西。Gilbert discovered electricity，but Edison invented the light bulb.吉爾伯特發(fā)現(xiàn)了電，但愛迪生發(fā)明了燈泡。（2）invention n. 發(fā)明 The invention of the computer marked the beginning of a new era.計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)明標(biāo)志著一個(gè)新時(shí)代的開始。5、musician 音樂(lè)家，可

6、數(shù)名詞。a piece of music 一首音樂(lè) listen to music 聽音樂(lè)【拓展】music n. 音樂(lè)，樂(lè)曲 musical adj. 音樂(lè)的6、scientist 科學(xué)家【拓展】-ist是表示人的職業(yè)類詞匯的后綴：scient 科學(xué)scientist 科學(xué)家 art 藝術(shù)artist 藝術(shù)家piano 鋼琴pianist 鋼琴家 violin 小提琴violinist 小提琴家7、born 出生 be born on +地點(diǎn) ；be born in出生于I was born in 1980. 我生于1980年。8、ability 才能，能力，復(fù)數(shù)是abilities hav

7、e the ability to do sth有能力做某事9、perhaps 可能，大概 【詞語(yǔ)辨析】maybe ，perhaps，possible，probably這四個(gè)詞都意為“可能”，但表示可能性大小不一樣，其順序如下：maybe或許，大概，主要用于非正式場(chǎng)合，常用于口語(yǔ)中，語(yǔ)氣比perhaps輕。perhaps也許，可能，副詞，一般指小于一半可能性，較多的含有“不大可能”的意思。possibly也許，或者，可能，可能性較大，用于否定句中表示“無(wú)論如何"之意。probably很可能，大概，在這組中可能性最大，表示一種幾乎完全肯定的意思。10、include 包括，包含 The

8、price of the room includes breakfast. 房間的租金包括在早餐在內(nèi)。【詞語(yǔ)辨析】include , including , included（1）include vt. 包含、包括，指整體包含部分，不一定舉出所包含的全部?jī)?nèi)容。The price includes both house and furniture. 價(jià)錢包括房子和家具（2） including 介詞，意為“包含，包括”，區(qū)別于included，放在名詞之前。There are seven people, including four men. 共有七人，包括四位男士。（3） included a

9、dj. 包括在內(nèi)的，常用于名詞之后。它和including引起的短語(yǔ)含義相同，但是在句中的位置不同。Everybody had something to say, me included/ including me.11、nobody 沒(méi)有人，nobody = not . anybody.I saw nobody. = I didn't see anybody. 我沒(méi)有見到一個(gè)人。12、more than 后接數(shù)詞，意為“超過(guò)，多于" ，相當(dāng)于overHe has been ill for more than two weeks. 他病了兩周多。13、look up 查找，后

10、面接名詞或代詞，代詞做賓語(yǔ)必須放在look與up之間。Please look it up in the dictionary, if you don't know. 如果你不明白就請(qǐng)查字典。14、on earth 在地球上，在世界上，在人間，相當(dāng)于in the world.Dinosaurs lived on earth more than 60 million years before human beings.在人類之前，恐龍?jiān)诘厍蛏仙盍?千多萬(wàn)年?！就卣埂縪n earth 意為“究竟”。一般用于疑問(wèn)詞后表示強(qiáng)調(diào)Where on earth have you been just

11、now？ 剛才你究竟去哪了？15、as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as 和一樣not as +形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as 表示雙方在某個(gè)方面不同。We think science is as important as maths. 我們認(rèn)為自然科學(xué)和數(shù)學(xué)一樣重要。16、used to 意為“過(guò)去常常，以前常常”，后面接動(dòng)詞原形，表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣，只表示過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的對(duì)比，暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。I used to be afraid of the dark. 我過(guò)去常常怕黑。17、something important 意為重要的事情，something 為不定代詞，形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)放在不定代

12、詞后面。I want to do something different. 我想做些不同的事。18、remember vt. 記得，記住remember to do sth 意為“記得去做某事”/remember doing sth 意為“記得做過(guò)某事”。Please remember to post the letter for me. 請(qǐng)記得為我郵這封信。I remember telling you about her. 我記得告訴過(guò)你關(guān)于她的事。19、famous 出名的，著名的sb + be famous for 指某人因某種知識(shí)，技能或特征而出名。 sb + be famous as

13、 指某人以某種身份出名，其后的介詞賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)是同位成分。Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity. 愛因斯坦以他的相對(duì)論而聞名Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學(xué)家而著稱。20、else 意為“別的，其他的”，通常修飾不定代詞something，特殊疑問(wèn)代詞what、 when、who等，并放在這些詞之后。Who else did you see? 你還看見別人了嗎？21、for example 與 such as都是“例如”的意思。for example 用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)

14、明某一論點(diǎn)或情況，一般只列舉同類人或事物中的“一個(gè)”為例，做插入語(yǔ)，可放在句首，句中或句末，一般用逗號(hào)隔開。such as 用來(lái)舉例，一般列舉同類人或事物中的幾個(gè)為例，插在被列舉的事物與名詞之間，as后面不可有逗號(hào)。For example, I'll help you with your study. 例如，我會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)上幫助你。I know many of them, such as Mike, Tom ,and Bill.22、win 贏、獲勝，后面接match, game, prize 等名詞做賓語(yǔ)。He won a game yesterday. 他昨天得了贏了一場(chǎng)比賽?！驹~匯辨

15、析】beat 也可表示“打敗，戰(zhàn)勝”的意思，但此后只能接表示人的詞做賓語(yǔ)，此外，beat還有“敲打”的意思，表示連續(xù)不斷的動(dòng)作。We weren't sure we could beat them. 我們沒(méi)有把握能打敗他們。His heart is still beating. 他的心臟還在跳動(dòng)。23、find out 意為“查明，弄清楚情況”指找出比較難找的抽象事物?！就卣埂縡ind強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)過(guò)尋找后的結(jié)果，表示“發(fā)現(xiàn)”find out 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)、弄清、查明”，強(qiáng)調(diào)“經(jīng)過(guò)調(diào)查，研究或仔細(xì)搜尋而得出某一事情的真相或結(jié)論”look for 意為“尋找”，著重找的過(guò)程。I find a wa

16、tch on the road. 我在路上發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊表。We shall find out the truth early or later. 我們遲早會(huì)查明真相。I look for my cat, but I didn't find it. 我到處找我的貓，但是沒(méi)找到。24、expect 及物動(dòng)詞，意為“期望、指望、認(rèn)為” 【拓展】expect強(qiáng)調(diào)等待的“心境”（即期待某事會(huì)發(fā)生，某人會(huì)來(lái)）。wait for 強(qiáng)調(diào)等待的“活動(dòng)”（即不做別的事，待在某處去等）look forward to 強(qiáng)調(diào)期待者“懷有愉快的心情”，所以被期待的事物必然是愉快的事（如假日、晚會(huì)等），而expect

17、所期待發(fā)生的事，可以是好事，也可以是壞事。He is expecting a letter. 他在等一封信。I 'll wait for her at the station. 我會(huì)到車站去等他。We are looking forward to our holidays. 我們盼望假日的來(lái)臨。25、be interested in 對(duì).產(chǎn)生興趣，對(duì).感興趣。后面接動(dòng)名詞、名詞或代詞。26、do with 意為“處理”，常與what 連用，表示詢問(wèn)。What are you going to do with your old books? 你打算怎么處理你的舊書。【拓展】 deal w

18、ith 意為“解決、應(yīng)付、處理”，后面常接trouble，problem等詞，deal with多與how連用，表示詢問(wèn)。How did you deal with your book? 你怎樣處理了你的書？27、a number of 意為“許多”，后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。the number of 意為“.的數(shù)目”，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Our city has a number of buildings. 我市有許多建筑。The number of the teachers in our school is 200. 我們學(xué)校有200位老師。28、since then 意為“從那時(shí)起”，用

19、于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。Since then he has lived in Beijing.29、make up “組成，構(gòu)成”，其被動(dòng)形式：be made up of.Nine players make up a team.The audience was made up of very young children.【典型例題】一、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1. I was _(出生）in a small village.2. I'm planning to spend some time in the beautiful _(鄉(xiāng)村).I love nature.3. He has the _(

20、能力）to be the manager .4. _(也許）I'll see him tomorrow,but Im not sure.5. I think the most helpful_(發(fā)明) is the light bulb.6. _(甚至）a child can understand it.7. My house is small .It's very comfortable,_(然而）.8. _(突然）there was a loud noise .9. I opened the the door ,but I could see_(無(wú)人）.二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形

21、式填空10. The Chinese _(inventor) the compass(指南針）.11. She likes listening to _(musician).12. My favorite subject is _(scientist).13. You'll find the plan _(include) most of your suggestions.14. Their daughter is very _(intelligence).三、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子15、他下決心查明那個(gè)男孩發(fā)生了什么事情。He decided to _ what had happene

22、d to the boy.16、讓我們?nèi)ふ掖鸢?。Let's go and _ _ the answers.17、我們確信能幫這個(gè)男孩找到家人。We _ _ _ we can help the boy find his family.18、我們應(yīng)該互相學(xué)習(xí)。We should _ _ each other.19、我們將怎樣處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題？What shall we _ _ this problem?20、地上有許多螞蟻。 There are _ _ _ ants on the ground.【隨堂小測(cè)】一、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子1、我很高興幫你了解中國(guó)。I am glad to help

23、you _ _China.2、我經(jīng)常聽收音機(jī)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。I often _ _ _ and learn English.3、我們學(xué)校有三千多名學(xué)生。There are _ _ three thousand students in our school.4、關(guān)于中國(guó)文學(xué)你了解多少？How much do you _ _ the Chinese literature.5、例如，約翰就有相同的觀點(diǎn)。_ _, John has the same opinion.6、如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，可以在字典中查找它。If you don't know this word , you can _ _ _in

24、 the dictionary.7、地球上有上百萬(wàn)種生物。There are millions of living things _ _.8、我們學(xué)校有許多花，一些是紅的，另一些是黃的。There are many flowers in our school; _are red; _are yellow.9、他和哥哥一樣高。He is _ _ _his brother.10、我希望有一天能參觀夏威夷。I hope to visit Hawaii _ _.二、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1、Please connect the printer _the computer.2、At the end _t

25、his road, you can see a supermarket.3、Because of the environment problems, many kinds of animals have died _.4、China is famous _the Great Wall.5、Yao Ming is famous _ a basketball player.【強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練】單項(xiàng)填空1. It's nearly nine o'clock and father will _ walk in at any moment.A. is possibly to B. maybe to C. probably D. perhaps to2. The band played many songs,_some of my favorite.A. including B. included C. include D. to include 3. Now the air in our home