完整虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法表格歸納圖13093

1、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if引導(dǎo)的條 件句中的用法三點(diǎn)：從句（條件）主句（目的）表示于現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的 虛擬條件句lf+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be用were)If I had time ， I would attend the meeti ng。主 語(yǔ) +would ( should could might) +動(dòng)詞原型表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的 擬條件句lf+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train。主 語(yǔ) +would ( should could might) +have+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的

2、 虛擬條件句1、lf+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+were to+動(dòng)詞原 形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should +動(dòng)詞原形 If I were to go abroad ， I would go to America 。主 語(yǔ) +would ( could should might) +動(dòng)詞原型錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句一一主 從句時(shí)間不一致的情況 下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致， 這是動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。If you had followed my advice , you would be better now 。If you had studied

3、 hard before, you would be a college student now。含蓄條件句有時(shí)虛擬條件句并沒(méi)用if從句表示出來(lái)，而是用介詞短語(yǔ)（otherwise， or，without,but for ）上下文或其他方式來(lái)表示。1. 條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中；2. 條件暗含在上下文中；3. 虛擬式變?yōu)榱?xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。條件從句中省略if采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的情況在if引導(dǎo)的表示虛擬的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件 中的連詞if省去，而將had，should，were等助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ) 之前例： 原句： 1: If she were younger， she,would do

4、 it。去 if:Were she younger， she,would do it.2: If you had come earlier, you would have met him.去 if: Had you come earlier, you would have met him3: If it should rain tomorrow， we would not go climbi ng.去 if: Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if/asthough引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ) 從句中1表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)

5、在情況有懷疑，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去 式He treatsthe boy as if he were his own son.2表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)He spoke as if he had known about it.3.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，（表示將來(lái)的可能性不大）,用would（might ,could）+ 動(dòng)詞原形He acts as if he could win in the game .注意：1。在as if/as though句中，如果有可能成為事實(shí)，用陳述 語(yǔ)氣。例:He looks as if he going to be ill 。2。as though或as

6、 if引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，從句主語(yǔ)和主句 主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句中可省略主語(yǔ)和部分謂語(yǔ)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest,for fear that, so that 及 in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀 語(yǔ)從句中表示“以防，以免”等意思謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成For fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella 。由“providi ng（that）/provided（that）/on con diti onthat/suppose（that ）/suppos ing（ that） 引導(dǎo)的條件從句

7、根據(jù)情況，1.可以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例: suppose/supposing that it rained, we shouldngo out.2。也可以用陳述語(yǔ)氣.例: They are willing to surrender provided they are given free pardon.?！癐n case引導(dǎo)的從句 中即可用陳述句，也可 以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(should) +動(dòng)詞原型例: 1.The game will be put off in case it (should ) snow.2。 The game will be put off in case it snows 。名詞性

8、從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一：賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛 擬語(yǔ)氣1.在動(dòng) 詞 wish/hope 后的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛 擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不 可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去進(jìn)行式。I wish (that) I were a bird。對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去元成時(shí)，或would，could，might+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。I wish (that) I had seen the film last night 。對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：從句謂語(yǔ)would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。I wish (that) I wouldcould go.在表示建議，命令， 要求，忠

9、告，等動(dòng)詞 的后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中 的虛擬語(yǔ)氣均以“ should+動(dòng)詞原型”表示這種語(yǔ)氣，“should”常被省略。We suggested that the meet ing (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should ) go with them。常用的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：表示 提議，勸告，建議 的: propose,suggest,recommend,advise. 表示 要求 的: ask,desire, request, dema nd, require,beg 表示同意，堅(jiān)持的：in sist表示 決疋，命令 的:decide

10、, order注意:suggest, insist不表示建議或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們 用于其本意暗示，表明，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。The smile on his face suggested(暗示) that he was satisfied with our work。The man in sisted 【堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為】 that he had n ever stole n the mon ey.在 expect,believe ， think,suspect 等動(dòng)詞 的否定或疑問(wèn)形式后 的賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬 語(yǔ)氣經(jīng)常用“ should+動(dòng)詞原型(或完成形式)，表示驚奇，懷疑，不滿(mǎn)

11、等情緒。I cannot believe that you should think so.Would rather ， hadrather,后的賓語(yǔ)從句 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反I would rather you told me the truth 。用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。表示“寧愿做什么”或“對(duì) 過(guò)去做的事的懊悔”。I would rather you had gone there last Sun day。注意：1右某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用動(dòng)詞原型2。would rather.。than 中用動(dòng)詞原型I would rather

12、do it by myself 。I would rather watch TV at homethan go to the cinema 。主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣“ It is (was)+ 形容詞 (或過(guò)去分詞) +that。結(jié)構(gòu)中的虛 擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略 shouldIt s quite necessary that we should have a walk now.常用的形容詞： natural, appropriate , advisable,necessary,important, urge nt, probable, possible, desirabl

13、e, stra nge。注意：在上述所列形容詞后面用that引出的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例: I don tthink it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he has no experie nee。(湯姆缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)，指派他做這項(xiàng)工作我認(rèn)為是 不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。在 “ It is (was) + 名 詞+that?！苯Y(jié)構(gòu) 句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示建議，命令，請(qǐng)求，道歉，懷疑，驚奇等。It s a pity that you ( should) miss a good chanee。這類(lèi)名詞有:advice, decision,d

14、esire, demand,idea, order, pity , proposal,recommendation , suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder 等。表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣某些表示建議，請(qǐng)求， 命令等主觀意向的名 詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的 表語(yǔ)從句或冋位語(yǔ)從 句需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式為should+動(dòng)詞原型或直接用動(dòng)詞原型。My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (shou

15、ld ) be put off.在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required 。 that clause句型中從句用(should )+動(dòng)詞原型It is dema nded that we should work out a pla n.這類(lèi) 名詞常 見(jiàn)的有： demand,desire,requirement,advice , recommendation, suggestion, order, necessity, proposal, plan , idea。在It is （about/high ） time+that 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示該

16、做.。的時(shí)候了”其動(dòng)詞形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原型It is high time that you went / should go to school。注意:在 this is the first time/ seco nd time that 。句型中，從句中謂 語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣完成時(shí)態(tài).This is the sec ond time that we have achieved such a great successIf only引起的感嘆句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣If only引出感嘆句， 意思是“要是.多好,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的一種 愿望。表示現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用過(guò)去式；表示過(guò)去的情況，應(yīng)用過(guò)

17、去完成時(shí)態(tài) 表示將來(lái)的情況，用 would+動(dòng)詞原形例：If only he didn drive so fast!（現(xiàn)在）Look at the terrible situation I am in ! if only I had followed your advice（過(guò)去）If only the rain would stop.（ 將來(lái)）even if （ even though）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示一種讓步語(yǔ)氣， 即使。.也做不成某 事。表示現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用過(guò)去式表示過(guò)去的情況，應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)Even if he were here, he could not sol

18、ve the problem.Even if 1 had been busy then ，1 would have helped you.Choose the best an swer：It is strange that the little boyspeak two foreign Ianguages 。A. could b. can C。should D。 would2。 He gave orders that the experimentbefore 5 : 30pm。A。 be finished B。 will finish C。 must be finished3。Heyou more help , even though he was very busy。A , might have given B. might give C。may have given4。Without the leadership of the Party,thereno New China.A.would be B. has bee n C. should be D.was5。He is talking so much about America as if hethere.had bee nB. has bee nC。 wasD. has gone6。The young man in s