牛津上海版八年級(jí)初二下冊(cè)英語 第6講-賓語從句

1、.教育1對(duì)3輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員姓名： 學(xué)科老師：年 級(jí)：八年級(jí) 輔導(dǎo)科目：英語授課日期時(shí) 間主 題U3+賓語從句學(xué)習(xí)目的1. 理解賓語從句的根本概念，掌握賓語從句三要素；2. 能在詳細(xì)語境中靈敏運(yùn)用賓語從句。教學(xué)內(nèi)容1、 上次課后穩(wěn)固作業(yè)復(fù)習(xí)； 2、 互動(dòng)探究。教練對(duì)他們說，他們下個(gè)月將和美國隊(duì)打一場(chǎng)比賽。這句話用英文要怎么翻譯？賓語從句你會(huì)嗎？The coach told them that they would have a football match against the American team.請(qǐng)?jiān)囍g下面這幾句話：他告訴我地球是圓的。_你知道凱特的電子郵件地址嗎？_他問我是不是來

2、自中國。_你能告訴我他什么時(shí)候去的美國嗎？_他不知道下一步該做什么。_我記得他昨天給了我一本書。_他已經(jīng)告訴我明天他就要?jiǎng)由砣ゼ~約了。_一、詞匯Words1.1. servant n. 仆人；傭人 e. g. Fire and water may be good servants, but bad masters. 諺水火是忠仆，用之不慎成災(zāi)主。 A politician should be a servant of the people. 政治家應(yīng)當(dāng)是人民的公仆。【知識(shí)拓展】 serve v. 效勞，待客e.g. They served the guests a wonderful dinn

3、er. 他們以盛宴招待客人們。service n. 效勞e. g. The train service to the capital is very good. 開往首都的火車效勞設(shè)施非常好。2. trick v. 欺騙；坑人e. g. Her tricked me into giving him the money. 他哄騙我給了他錢。常與out of連用騙走，惡作劇e.g. His partner tried to trick him out of his share. 他的合伙人企圖騙走他的股份?！局R(shí)拓展】 trick n. 詭計(jì)；騙術(shù)，花招e. g. I can do magic t

4、ricks. 我會(huì)變魔術(shù)。 The children played a trick on their teacher. 孩子們捉弄了他們的老師。3. electricity n. 電 e.g. The power station supplies electricity to this area. 這個(gè)電站供給這個(gè)區(qū)域的電?！局R(shí)拓展】 electrician n. 電工 electric adj. 發(fā)電的，由電產(chǎn)生的e.g. an electric cenerator發(fā)電機(jī) an electric plug電源插頭 an electric iron電熨斗4. flow v. 流動(dòng)e.g. T

5、he cars flowed in a steady stream along the main road. 汽車在主干道上不停地駛過?！境Ｓ么钆洹?flow away流走；流逝 flow down流下 flow into流入e.g. Time flows away quickly. 光陰飛逝。 Waterfall flows down to the bottom of the hill. 瀑布飛流直下到山腳下。 Rivers flow into the sea. 江河流入海中。5. meter n. 儀表；計(jì)量表【常用搭配】 a gas meter煤氣表 an electricity met

6、er電表 a speed meter速度表e.g. Theres a gas meter in every home. 在每間屋里都有煤氣表。6. amount n. 數(shù)量；量e.g. No amount of washing will remove them. 怎么洗也洗不掉。 What is the amount of this? 這總共是多少？7. monthly adv. 每月一次e.g. A monthly paper is printed every month. We read it monthly. 月刊是每月印刷的，我們按月讀它。 We pay the telephone b

7、ill monthly. 我們每月付一次 賬單。【知識(shí)拓展】 daily adv. 每天一次，每天地 weekly adv. 每周一次，每周地 yearly adv. 每年一次，每年地8. explanation n. 解釋；講解；說明e.g. The only explanation for his behaviour is that hes mad. 對(duì)他的行為的唯一解釋就是他瘋了?！局R(shí)拓展】 explain v. 解釋；說明e.g. Can you explain why you were late? 你能解釋一下你為什么遲到嗎9. scratch v. 搔；撓 e.g. He scr

8、atched the insect bite on his leg with his nails. 他用指甲撓他腿上蟲咬的地方。 常與out，off，through連用刮掉，削去；擦去：刪掉；劃掉 e.g. Her name had been scratched out of the list. 她的名字已從名單上劃掉了。 Could you help me scratch the rust off the wheel? 你能幫我把輪子上的銹刮掉嗎？10. invisible adj. 看不見的；無形的 e.g. Air is invisrble, but we can feel it whe

9、n it moves. 空氣是看不見的，但是當(dāng)它挪動(dòng)的時(shí)候我們能感受到?！局R(shí)拓展】 visible adj. 看得見的；明顯的；顯著的 vision n. 視力e.g. Air isnt a visible object. 空氣不是可見物體。 She has good vision. 她的視力很好。11. form n. 形狀；形式e.g. He seems to dislike any form of exercise. 他好似討厭任何方式的運(yùn)動(dòng)。【知識(shí)拓展】 form n. 方式；制度e.g. Different countries have different forms of gov

10、ernment. 不同的國家有不同的政治制度。l2. energy n. 能量e.g. Young people usually have more energy than the old. 年輕人通常比老年人有活力。 Each year Americans use a high percentage of the worlds energy. 每年美國人消耗掉世界能源的比例很高?！局R(shí)拓展】 energetic adj. 精力充分的e.g. He is an energetic child.他是個(gè)精力旺盛的孩子。13. bulb n. 電燈泡e.g. The bulb is broken.

11、Please change another one. 這個(gè)燈泡壞了，請(qǐng)?jiān)贀Q一個(gè)。14. connect v. 連接，結(jié)合e.g. Will you connect this wire to the television? 你把這根電線和電視機(jī)連上好嗎？ This thick wire is connected to my computer. 這根粗電線連接到我的電腦上。 This flight connects with a flight for New York. 這個(gè)航班可接上飛往紐約的一班飛機(jī)?！境Ｓ么钆洹?connect with和有聯(lián)絡(luò)，和有關(guān)e.g. People connect

12、Vienna with waltzes and coffee-houses. 人們一提到維也納就會(huì)聯(lián)想到華爾茲圓舞曲和咖啡館。15. bury v. 埋葬，掩埋e.g. The house was half buried under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。 Many men were buried underground when there was an accident at the mine. 礦上發(fā)生意外事故時(shí)，許多礦工都被埋在地下。 He buried himself in his work. 他埋頭工作。16. politely adv. 客氣地，斯文地e.g. You s

13、hould serve our guests pohiely. 你必須有禮貌地效勞我們的客人。 Tom offered me a cigarette. I refused politely. 湯姆給我一支煙，我禮貌地回絕了?！局R(shí)拓展】 polite adj. 有禮貌的；斯文的 politeness n. 有禮，優(yōu)雅e.g. It wasnt very polite of you to serve yourself without asking. 你也不問一聲就自己吃起來是不太禮貌的。17. grin v. 露齒笑，咧嘴笑e.g. There was a grin on his face wh

14、en he opened his birthday presents. 當(dāng)他翻開他的生日禮物時(shí)，他的臉上露齒一笑?！局R(shí)拓展】 grin vt. 咧嘴而笑e. g. He was grinning with delight. 他快樂得咧開嘴笑。18. battery n. 電池e. g. Our bus wont start because the battery is flat. 我們的大客車發(fā)動(dòng)不起來了，因?yàn)殡姵貕牧恕?This pocket calculator needs two batteries. 這個(gè)袖珍計(jì)算器需用兩節(jié)干電池。19. contain v. 包含，含有e. g. P

15、ig iron may contarn 4%of carbon. 生鐵可含百分之四的碳。 The bottle contains two pints. 這瓶裝兩品脫。指點(diǎn)迷津：contain, hold 兩個(gè)單詞都含“包含，包容的意思。contain著重“其中確實(shí)包含有。 e. g. The bottle contains water.這個(gè)瓶子里有水。 hold指“能包容。 e. g. The house holds 20 people. 這房子能住下20人。二、重要句型Important Sentences structures 1.1. She thinks she can buy it

16、in packets, like sweets！ 句中can是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“能，可能。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無詞性變化，表主語或說話者的語氣。1肯定句：主語+can+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. I can play football. 我能踢足球。2否認(rèn)句：主語+cannot cant+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. I cant play football. 我不能踢足球。3疑問句：Can+主語+動(dòng)詞原形 答復(fù)：Yes, +主語十can. /No, +主語+cant. e.g. Can you play football? Yes, I can./No, I cant. 你能踢足球嗎？是的，我能。不，我不能。2. al

17、though electricity is much more dangerous than water.1 more+ adj. +than e.g. Is this snake more dangerous than that one? 這條蛇比那一條更危險(xiǎn)嗎？2 more十n./phrase十than e.g. There are more students in Class 3 than those in Class 2. 三班的學(xué)生比二班的多?！局R(shí)拓展】 關(guān)于比較級(jí)和最高級(jí):1 對(duì)于單音節(jié)或雙音節(jié)的形容詞我們一般在后面加上-er和-est。e.g. small- smaller-

18、smallest; big- bigger- biggest, funny- funnier- funniest slow- slower- slowest; fast- faster- fastest但要注意一些由形容詞變化而來的副詞，雖然其形式上為雙音節(jié)，但它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)要加more和most。e.g. slowly-more slowly-the most slowly; friendly-more friendly-the most friendly; happily- more happily- the most happily2對(duì)于多音節(jié)的形容詞，它們的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)要加mo

19、re和most。e.g. beautiful- more beautiful- the most beautiful; dangerous- more dangerous- the most dangerous, difficult-more difficult-the most difficult3. You must always be careful with it. 句中must是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“必須，一定。 1肯定句：主語+must+動(dòng)詞原形 e. g. I must go home now. 我如今必須回家。 2否認(rèn)句：主語+must not mustnt+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g.

20、I mustnt go home now. 我如今不準(zhǔn)回家。3疑問句：Must+主語+動(dòng)詞原形 答復(fù)：Yes, 十主語+must. No, +主語十neednt. e.g. Must I go home now? Yes, you must.No, you neednt. 如今我必須回家嗎？是的，你必須。不，你不必。4. May I have my packet of electricity? 句中may是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，意為“可以。1肯定句：主語+may+動(dòng)詞原形e. g. You may sit down. 你可以坐下。2否認(rèn)句：主語+may not+動(dòng)詞原形 You may not sit

21、 down. 你不可以坐下。3疑問句：May+主語+動(dòng)詞原形 答復(fù)：Yes, +主語+may. /No, +主語+may not. e.g. May I sit down? Yes, you may. /No, you may not. 我可以坐下嗎？是的，你可以。不，你不可以。課堂練習(xí). Read and choose the best answer.1. Must I go to buy the ticket for my parents now?No, you.A. mustntB. cantC. may notD. neednt 2. He is _ electrician , he

22、can deal with the _ problem . A. a; electrical B.an; electrical C.the; electrical D.the; electric 3. These _ thick wires that are buried under the street . A . connect to B.connect with C. are connected D.are connected to 4. We can change electricity into forms of energy that we can see ,hear or fee

23、l . Here “forms means “_ A. parts B. ways C. kinds D.species 5. My home is about _ our school . A. 10 miles far away B.10 miles from C. 10 miles far from D.10 miles forII、Rewrite the following sentences as required1. Its about twenty minutes walk from my home to our school .對(duì)劃線部分提問 _ _ is it from yo

24、ur home to your school.2. The old man spent nearly one and a half hours going to his daughters house on foot.改為同義句 It _ the old man spent nearly one and a half hours _go to his daughters house on foot.3. You should take a good rest after working every day .改為同義句 It is _ for you _ take a good rest af

25、ter working every day .4. He is going to visit her uncle next week . 對(duì)劃線部分提問 _ _ he going to visit her uncle?5. The boys were playing when I got there .改為一般疑問句 _ the boys _ when I got there ?III、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words. The most w_ spoken language in the world is En

26、glish . Many people understand and use it t_ the world . Indeed ,English is a very i_ and useful language . If we know English, we can travel anywhere and we w_ have no difficulty making ourselves understood .English is greatly used in the study of all k_ of subjects. Several books are w_ in English

27、 every day to teach people many useful things . Therefore, the English language has helped to spread knowledge to all parts of the world . English has also served to boring t_ the different people of the world by helping them to talk with one another .賓語從句【知識(shí)梳理1】什么是賓語從句賓語從句是一種名詞性從句，在句中作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語或介詞的賓語

28、。He can speak English . 這是簡單句，不是賓語從句 動(dòng)詞名詞賓語He says that he can speak English. 賓語從句 動(dòng)詞 句子賓語 He saysthathe can speak English. 主句 從句【知識(shí)梳理2】賓語從句三要素 【知識(shí)梳理3】用法詳解 1. 連接詞引導(dǎo)詞：1 由that引導(dǎo)陳述句意思的賓語從句。that只有語法作用，沒有實(shí)在的意義，在口語和非正式文體中可以省略。He says. He is a student. 合并為一句He says that he is a student.He said that he want

29、ed to stay at home. She doesnt know that she is seriously ill. 2 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句意思或選擇疑問句意思的賓語從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否。一般情況下，whether和if 可以交換。He asks. Is he a student?合并為一句He asks if he is a student.I want to know if whether he lives there. He asked me whether if I could help him.注意：賓語從句

30、中只能用whether不能用if的情況：在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)Everything depends on whether we have enough money.賓語從句中有or not時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.和不定式連用作賓語時(shí)不用if引導(dǎo).Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.3 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which和連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這些連接代詞和

31、連接副詞在賓語從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。He wants to know. When will she come back?合并為一句He wants to know when she will come back.Do you know who whom they are waiting for?Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?He asked whose handwriting was the best. I dont know why the train is late.【穩(wěn)固練習(xí)】1. There are no words to desc

32、ribe _ I miss my hometown.A. how much B. how many C. how soon D. how long 2. Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.A. that; whoseB. how; whoC. what; whoD. what; whose3. He said _ he would come back in a week. A. when

33、B. what C. that D. why4. Do you know _ I saw yesterday? It was my favorite star, Jackie!A. whom B. when C. where D. how5. People in Yancheng are proud of _ they have achieved in the past thirty years.A. how B. which C. what D. When6. Can you tell me _ the prize, Tom?Last year.A. when you gotB. when

34、did you getC. when will you getD. when you will get7. They wonder_ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not.A. that B. if C. whetherD. even if8. You can use English or Chinese _ you travel in Singapore. A. whether B. whatever C. where D. if 9. I wonder _ you would like to come to my birthday p

35、arty.A. that B. if C. that if D. that whether10. Do you remember _ he came here?Of course I do. His father drove him here.A. whether B. when C. how D. Why引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語2. 賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序：陳述句語序，即主語S+謂語V。He asks, “Is he a student?陳述語序He asks if he is a student. Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/wheth

36、er he works hard.When did he leave? I dont know.I dont know when he left. I think that you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?【穩(wěn)固練習(xí)】1. -I wonder _.-Shandong Province.A. when will Peng Liyuan come B. where Peng Liyuan is fromC. where Peng Liyuan came fromD. how Peng Liyu

37、an will come2. By reading the article, we know how _ in our daily life.A. will we protect the earthB. we can reduce pollutionC. should we save waterD. we must recycle things3. -Have you asked the policeman _?-Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. Its on the right.A. if there is a bank near

38、here B. how can we get to the nearest bankC. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank4. No one knows what _ in fifty years.A. will our life be like B. is our life likeC. our life will be likeD. our life is like5. -Mr. Wang, can you tell me _?- will help you.A. why I can get the

39、 latest news about educationB. where can I search for the information about high schoolsC. where I can find out the exam scoresD. why can I get the latest news about education3. 賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)：1 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為如今時(shí)態(tài)并非只指一般如今時(shí)，也可以是如今完成時(shí)，如今進(jìn)展時(shí)等如今時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用它所需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。he studies English every day.he is studying Eng

40、lish now.主現(xiàn)從任意 he will study English tomorrow.He says thathe has studied English for five years.he was studying English from 8 to 9 yesterday evening.he studied English five days ago.2 當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí)態(tài) 并非只指一般過去時(shí)，只要是過去的時(shí)態(tài)形式即可 時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞必須用它所相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去時(shí)形式。假如從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，那么從句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。he studied English every d

41、ay.he was studying English now. he would study English tomorrow.He said thathe had studied English for five years.he was studying English from 8 to 9 yesterday evening.he studied English five days ago.注意：“could 用于表委婉語氣時(shí)，不是指過去時(shí), 所以從句用 “can 而不能用“could。Could you tell me when I can leave?真理永一現(xiàn)!3 當(dāng)從句描繪的是

42、事實(shí)、真理或格言、諺語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，都用一般如今時(shí)。He sayssaidthat the earth goes around the sun. 主過從過去He sayssaidthat it is better to give than to receive. 【穩(wěn)固練習(xí)】1. If you cant find the place, I will show you _.A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was2. -Did the radio say _?-Yes, from Hunan

43、.A. how the bad rice cameB. where the bad rice came from C. how did the bad rice come D. where did the bad rice come from 3. -Did Mrs. Brown leave a message?-Yes. She wanted to know _ this Sunday.A. that you will go shoppingB. when will you go shopping with herC. if you would go shopping with herD.

44、who you would go shopping4. There are too many clothes in the shop. I really cant decide _.A. which to buy coat B. to buy which coatC. which coat should I buy D. which coat to buy5. Could you please tell me _? In three days.A. when will your course startB. when your course will startC. when your cou

45、rse startedD. when did your course start 6. Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow?A. whether they leave forB. whether will they leave forC. whether they are leaving forD. whether do they leave for7. -Can you guess _ the new Nike sports shoes?-Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.A. wh

46、ere he bought B. how he paid forC. when he paid for D. why he bought8. Could you tell me _ yesterday?Because my bike was broken on my way here.A. why you came late B. why do you come lateC. why you come late D. why did you come late9. Tom said he _ back in a week.A. will come B. would come C. come D

47、. comes10. The teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.A. travelsB. travelledC. would travelD. had travelled4. 賓語從句的否認(rèn)轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess后接一個(gè)表示否認(rèn)意義的賓語從句，且主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，其否認(rèn)通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致。I dont believe it is right for him to treat you

48、like that.I dont think we need waste much time on it. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?【穩(wěn)固練習(xí)】1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong.2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4. “Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Tom. Mr. Zhao asked Tom _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.5. What do