耐火材料常用各種礦物原料的名稱、化學(xué)含量

1、常用耐火原料礦物的化學(xué)組成、熔點和體積密度礦物名稱化學(xué)式化學(xué)組成，熔點或相變溫度，t/體密，g/cm3一水硬鋁石diaspore（水鋁石）-Al2O3·H2OAl2O3 85H2O 15530-600失水后轉(zhuǎn)化為-Al2O33.30-3.50一水軟鋁石cliachite;boehmite（勃姆石、波美石）-Al2O3·H2OAl2O3 85H2O 15530-600失水后轉(zhuǎn)化為-Al2O33.01-3.06三水鋁石gibbsite;hydrorgillite-Al2O3·3H2OAl2O3 65.4H2O 34.6450變?yōu)橐凰涗X石2.30-2.40剛玉coru

2、ndum-Al2O320538.8×10-6（0-1000K）3.99-氧化鋁-Al2O3空氣中1600變?yōu)?Al2O33.25-3.37-Al2O3-Al2O31450變?yōu)?Al2O33.45-3.66硅砂（石英砂）quartz sandSiO2-石英573-870變?yōu)?石英2.65鱗石英tridymiteSiO216702.27方石英cristobaliteSiO217132.30-2.34硅線石sillimanite;fibroliteAl2O3·SiO2Al2O3 62.93SiO2 37.071500-1550轉(zhuǎn)化為莫來石3.23-3.27紅柱石andalusit

3、eAl2O3·SiO2Al2O3 62.93SiO2 37.071300-1400轉(zhuǎn)化為莫來石3.10-3.30藍晶石c(k)yanite;distheneAl2O3·SiO2Al2O3 62.93SiO2 37.071100-1350轉(zhuǎn)化為莫來石3.53-3.65莫來石mullite3Al2O3·2SiO2Al2O3 71.8SiO2 28.21810分解3.03高嶺石 kaolinite（粘土、高嶺土）Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2OAl2O3 39.50SiO2 46.54H2O 13.961750-1787400-700迅速失去結(jié)構(gòu)水1

4、000開始變?yōu)槟獊硎?.58-2.67葉蠟石 pyrophylliteAl2O3·4SiO2·H2OAl2O3 28.30SiO2 66.70H2O 5.00500-900失去結(jié)構(gòu)水，1200轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槟獊硎褪?.66-2.90蒙脫石(n>2) montmorillonite（膨潤土bentonite）Al2O3·4SiO2·nH2OAl2O3 28.30SiO2 66.70H2O 5.00100-300失去層間水，550-700和800-900失去結(jié)構(gòu)水菱鎂礦magnesiteMgCO3MgO 47.28CO2 52.18700開始分解2.90-

5、3.12方鎂石periclase鎂砂magnesiaMgO280013.5×10-6（0-1000K）3.58水鎂石brucite(氫氧鎂石)Mg(OH)2MgO 69H2O 31263分解為氧化鎂和水2.30-2.40白云石 dolomiteCaCO3·MgCO3CaO 30.4MgO 21.9CO2 47.7790分解出MgO，940分解出CaO2.80-2.90方解石 calciteCaCO3CaO 56.0CO2 44.0700-950分解2.71石灰 lime（方鈣石）CaO25753.32消石灰slaked lime(熟石灰)Ca(OH)2CaO 75.7H2O

6、 24.3510分解為氧化鈣和水鎂橄欖石forsterite2MgO·SiO2MgO 57.30SiO2 42.7018903.22鐵橄欖石fayalite2FeO·SiO2FeO 70.50SiO2 29.5012054.00-4.35橄欖石olivineMgO·FeO·SiO2MgO 23.4FeO 41.7SiO2 34.91890鈣鎂橄欖石monticelliteCaO·MgO·SiO2CaO 35.9%MgO 25.6SiO2 38.41490分解3.20鎂薔薇輝石3CaO·MgO·2SiO2CaO 51

7、.2%MgO 12.2SiO2 36.61598分解3.15鎂方柱石2CaO·MgO·2SiO2CaO 41%MgO 15SiO2 441451透輝石diopsideCaO·MgO·2SiO2CaO 25.93%MgO 18.51SiO2 55.5613913.27-3.38透閃石 tremolite2CaO·5MgO·8SiO2·H2OCaO 13.8%MgO 24.6SiO2 58.8H2O 2.81050失去結(jié)構(gòu)水3.00斜頑輝石clino-enstatiteMgO·SiO2（型）MgO 40SiO2 601

8、577分解3.19蛇紋石 serpentine3MgO·2SiO2·2H2OMgO 43.6SiO2 43.4H2O 13.01557600-800轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殒V橄欖石1050-1080 出現(xiàn)斜頑輝石2.50-2.70滑石 talc3MgO·4SiO2·H2OMgO 31.9SiO2 63.4H2O 4.715431050左右失去結(jié)構(gòu)水變?yōu)樵B輝石和石英2.70-2.80堇青石cordierite2MgO·2Al2O3·5SiO2MgO 13.7Al2O3 34.9SiO2 51.41460分解1.251.92×10-6（2090

9、0）2.57-2.66假藍寶石4MgO·5Al2O3·2SiO2MgO 20.2Al2O3 64.6SiO2 15.21453分解鎂鋁尖晶石spinelMgO·Al2O3MgO 28.3Al2O3 71.721357.6×10-6（0-1000K）3.50-3.70鎂鉻尖晶石picrochromite（鎂鉻鐵礦）MgO·Cr2O3MgO 21.0Cr2O3 79.021804.40-4.43鉻鐵礦chromiteFeO·Cr2O3FeO 32.1Cr2O3 67.917705.085鎂鐵尖晶石ceylonite;zeylanite;m

10、agnesioferriteMgO·Fe2O3MgO 20.2Fe2O3 79.817504.51磁鐵礦FeO·Fe2O3FeO 31.0Fe2O3 69.01538分解4.90-5.20（亞）鐵尖晶石hercyniteFeO·Al2O3FeO 41.3Al2O3 58.717804.39-硅酸二鈣（貝里特）2CaO·SiO2CaO 65.12SiO2 34.8821303.28硅酸三鈣（阿里特）3CaO·SiO2CaO 73.68SiO2 26.322070分解3.15-3.224硅灰石 wollastonite-CaO·SiO2C

11、aO 48.25SiO2 51.7515441125轉(zhuǎn)化為2.80-2.90二硅酸三鈣3CaO·2SiO21475分解2.86一鋁酸鈣CaO·Al2O3CaO 35.51Al2O3 64.4916062.98二鋁酸鈣CaO·2Al2O3CaO 21.58Al2O3 78.4217652.90鋁酸三鈣3CaO·Al2O3CaO 62.26Al2O3 37.741535分解六鋁酸鈣CaO·6Al2O3CaO 8.40Al2O3 91.601850分解七鋁酸十二鈣12CaO·7Al2O3CaO 48.55Al2O3 51.451415鉀長石

12、 potash feldspar（正長石）K2O·Al2O3·6SiO2K2O 16.9Al2O3 18.4SiO2 64.71150分解出白榴石2.56-2.58鈉長石 albiteNa2O·Al2O3·6SiO2Na2O 11.8Al2O3 19.6SiO2 68.611182.61-2.62鈣（斜）長石 anorthite（含部分鈉長石plagioclase）CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2CaO 20.1Al2O3 36.9SiO2 43.015502.74-2.76鋇長石 celsianBaO·Al2O3·

13、2SiO2BaO 40.9Al2O3 27.1SiO2 32.017103.31-3.37鈣黃長石gehlenite(鋁方柱石)2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2CaO 40.90Al2O3 37.18SiO2 21.911593鈉霞石 nephelineNa2O·Al2O3·2SiO2Na2O 21.8Al2O3 35.8SiO2 42.415262.61鉀霞石 kaliophiliteK2O·Al2O3·2SiO2K2O 29.7Al2O3 32.3SiO2 38.018002.58-2.61白榴石 lecuciteK2O·

14、Al2O3·4SiO2K2O 21.6Al2O3 23.4SiO2 55.016862.45-2.50白云母 muscovite（鉀云母）KAl2(Al·Si3O10)(OH)2外觀呈層狀單斜晶系1244絕緣強度大2.80-3.10絹云母 sericiteK2O·3Al2O3·6SiO2·2H2O與白云母化學(xué)組成極相似，但外觀呈粘土狀K2O 11.8Al2O3 38.4SiO2 45.3H2O 4.51300塑性大，熔融粘度大，荷重軟化點高2.76-3.00水云母 hydromica(伊利石illite)K<1(Si,Al)4O10(OH

15、)2·nH2OK2O 38鋰云母 lepidolite（鱗云母）KLiAl(OHF)2Al(SiO3)3片狀K2O 4.813.9Li2O 1.25.9Al2O3 11.328.8SiO2 46.960.6H2O 0.63.211681177可制成強度高，燒成范圍好的低溫陶瓷坯或釉2.80-2.90鋰霞石Li2O·Al2O3·2SiO2Li2O 11.86Al2O3 40.06SiO2 47.681000之前負膨脹鋰輝石spodumeneLi2O·Al2O3·4SiO2Li2O 8.02Al2O3 27.40SiO2 64.581380850開

16、始向晶型轉(zhuǎn)化，密度由3.21下降至2.353.13-3.20低膨脹系數(shù)4.0×10-6（20900）鋰正長石Li2O·Al2O3·6SiO2Li2O 6.07Al2O3 20.71SiO2 73.22透鋰長石（葉長石）Li2O·Al2O3·8SiO2Li2O 4.89Al2O3 16.63SiO2 78.481350低膨脹系數(shù)0.3×10-6（201000）2.50蛭石 vermiculite(Mg·Fe2+·Fe3+)3(Si·Al)4O10 ·(OH)2·4H2OMgO 1423F

17、e2O3 517FeO 13SiO2 3742，Al2O3 1013H2O 8181300-1370加熱時體積膨脹1525倍，750變?yōu)榛Y(jié)構(gòu)2.40-2.70珍珠巖酸性火山玻璃質(zhì)SiO2 6875，Al2O3 91413001380（耐火度）2.20-2.40溫石棉 chrysotile-asbestos(蛇紋石石棉)3MgO·4SiO2·H2O1500-15502.49-2.53青石棉 crocidolite（開普藍）Na2Fe2Si4O112(OH)211503.12-3.29硅藻土SiO2·nH2O1610-17502.10-2.20海泡石 sepiol

18、iteMg8H6Si12O302(OH)10·6H2OSiO2 60.8，MgO 27.1H2O 12.1干燥時堅韌，濕時柔軟具可塑性1.00-2.00磷酸鈣tertiary calcium phosphate（骨灰）Ca3(PO4)21720石墨graphiteC3000常壓下升華；3850真空下升華2.09-2.23碳化硅silicon carbideSiCSi 71.045C 29.9552735常壓下分解3.17-3.47氮化硅silicon nitrideSi3N4Si 60.06N 39.941900分解14001800向轉(zhuǎn)變3.18-3.20氮化鋁aluminium nitrideAlNAl 65.82N 34.182450升華700開始氧化3.26賽隆Si6-zAlzOzN8-zZ=31750開始出現(xiàn)液相3.259氮化硼boron nitrideBNB 43.56N 56.4427003000分解2.25碳化硼boron carbideB4CB 78.26C 21.742450分解900開始氧化2.519鈦酸鋁aluminium titanateAl2O3·TiO2Al2O3 56.07TiO2 43.9318608501300分解3.702板鈦礦brookite銳鈦礦ana