英語寫作三大注意事項(xiàng)

1、英語寫作三大注意事項(xiàng)1. 尤其在商業(yè)上,報(bào)章雜志或公文書信上,盡量不用難字(big word 或過時(shí)的字眼(old-fashioned word例如:Many people feel that moral education is the infrastructure ofhigher learning. (許多人認(rèn)為道德教育是高等知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ) (如果用 foundation 或 basis 代替 infrastructure 就更明白 Three hundred acres of land is the parameter of ouruniversity,s expansion (growt

2、h. (三百英畝的土地是本大學(xué)發(fā)展的限度 (如果用limit代替parameter,會(huì)更簡(jiǎn)單易懂。This news has been disseminated all over the U.S. (這消息已散布到全美各地 (如果用spread取代disseminated,不更簡(jiǎn)單? (動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是:spread, spread, spreadThe president of this college is not diminutive in size. (這大學(xué)的校長個(gè)子不小 (假如用small代替diminutive,不更明白嗎?I have to elucidate this docume

3、nt to my staff. (我要向我的員工解釋這份文件 (如用explain代替elucidate,也許更明白。Mr. A will endeavor to be a physician. (A 先生想嘗試當(dāng)個(gè)醫(yī)生 (如果用try代替endeavor,會(huì)更淺白。 (Endeavour = endeavorWe hope to visualize world peace in the future. (我們希望將來看到世界和平(如果用see 代替visualize,也許更簡(jiǎn)單!The charitable organization solicits for our annual donat

4、ion. (慈善機(jī)構(gòu)要求我們一年一度樂捐(假如用 ask 代替 solicit,更淺白易懂。(solicitation是名詞We don't know what may transpire when we have a new boss. (當(dāng)新老板來后,我們不知會(huì)有什么發(fā)生。 (如果用happen代替transpire,也許更明白。Please act as soon as possible on the aforementioned matter. (前面提過的事,請(qǐng)盡速辦理。(如果用 previous 代替古字 aforementioned 不是更明白?這就像美國大文豪馬克吐溫

5、Mark Twain 也曾說過:我不愿在字典里找長字或難字,我絕不用metropolis這個(gè)字,因?yàn)槲彝瑯涌梢杂胏ity這個(gè)字來代替。羅斯?？偨y(tǒng)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)美國政府不會(huì)遺忘那些窮人,在一篇講詞里用了這么一句:We are endeavoring to construct a moreinclusive society.后來被人批評(píng)咬文嚼字,賣弄文筆。如果用淺白易懂的字眼寫成:We aregoing to make this country in which no one is left out.或We are trying to make everyoneequal.也許更簡(jiǎn)單明白!2. 老外也主

6、張不寫嚕蘇或絢麗的字眼(flowery or wordy,句子應(yīng)該越短越好,一句能用兩個(gè)字,絕不多加一個(gè)。例如:At this point in time, we should pull together for our goal. (現(xiàn)在我們應(yīng)該為我們的目標(biāo)團(tuán)結(jié)一致(如果說:Now, we should pull.更簡(jiǎn)單。因?yàn)?at this point in time = now Despite the fact that my English is not very good, I am not discouraged. (雖然我的英語不好,但我不灰心。 (如果說:Although my

7、 English is not. 就更簡(jiǎn)短。因?yàn)閐espite the fact that=although = ThoughI am of the opinion that Mr. Lee should resign from this position. (我想李先生應(yīng)該辭職 (假如說:Ithink Mr. Lee should.不是更簡(jiǎn)單嗎?因?yàn)镮 am of the opinion = I thinkHe quitted the job due to the fact that he was sick. (他由于生病而辭職 (若說:He quitted the jobbecause h

8、e was sick. 更簡(jiǎn)單。因?yàn)?due to the fact that = becauseIn the majority of cases, he likes to ride bike to the office.(他通常喜歡騎單車到辦公室 (如果說:Usually, he likes to ride. 更簡(jiǎn)單。因?yàn)?in the majority of cases = usually She shows a preference for tea rather than coffee. (她喜歡茶而不是咖啡 (若說:She prefers tearather.更簡(jiǎn)短清楚,因?yàn)?show

9、 a preference for = preferI will bring the matter to the attention of Mr. Wang. (我要通知王先生如果只說:I will tell Mr. Wang (about the matter. 不是更簡(jiǎn)單嗎?因?yàn)?bring the matter to theattention of = tell = inform (句子最后面:about the matter可以省去; 同理,也要避免意義的重復(fù)或用字的多余(redundant; 例如:The consensus(of opinionis that we have to

10、act right away.(大家認(rèn)為我們必須立即行動(dòng)(ofopinion 可以省去,因?yàn)?consensus 的意思,就是大家的意見。The letter shows that the problem(continues toremain unsolved.(他的信顯示問題尚未解決(continue to 是多余的字,因?yàn)?remain 已經(jīng)有 continue 的含意。所以句子就成為: The lettershows that the problem remains unsolved.He has made his (final conclusion in his speech.(他在演

11、說里做出結(jié)論(final 是多余的字,因?yàn)閏onclusion 已經(jīng)含有 final 的意思。He has had many years of (actual experience in business。(他有多年經(jīng)商的經(jīng)驗(yàn) (actual 也是多余的字,因?yàn)?experience 已有 actual 的意味We assembled (together all the parts for our radio.(我們裝好收音機(jī)的零件(因?yàn)?assemble 本身就有 together 的意思,所以 together 是多余的Enclosed (herewith please find the

12、report of the meeting.(herewith 是多余的字,因?yàn)?enclosed就有 herewith 的意思(即:附上會(huì)議報(bào)告,請(qǐng)查收寫到這里,想起一位深受美國人民愛戴,一向主張不寫長句、不嚕蘇的美國已故參議員 StephenYoung,他每次受邀參加會(huì)議、演講、宴會(huì)時(shí),他的回信只有三個(gè)字我會(huì)到(I'll bethere.。也有人打趣的說:講演或?qū)懽鞯木渥?就像穿迷你裙,愈短愈好。(Likewearing mini-skirt, sentences in speech or writing should be the shorter, the better .此外還

13、有:in reference to = about; draw to close = end; at an early date = soon等3.老外為了族群和諧相處,除不用歧視或偏見的字眼外,連男女性別,也要避免區(qū)別,以示平等。例如:Mankind are considered the smartest animals in the world。(人類是世上最聰明的動(dòng)物 = Man is the smartest animal.。(如果改為:Human beings are considered the smartest animals. 就能包括男女。所以mankind = man =

14、human beings(注意:mankind 后面動(dòng)詞要用多數(shù),而man 的后面動(dòng)詞,則用單數(shù)Manpower seems not strong enough in developing our economy here. (發(fā)展這里的經(jīng)濟(jì),似乎缺乏人力資源。(如果說:Labor power seems not strong enough. 也就沒有男性主義的感覺。可見manpower = labor power = work force = human resourcesThis small company hired a cleaning woman yesterday.(這個(gè)小公司昨天

15、請(qǐng)來一名清潔女工(如果說:This small company hired an office cleaner.也就沒有男女之分了He (she has been a committee chairman (chairwoman since 1998. (自從1998年他就是委員會(huì)主席 (假如把chairman或chairwoman改為chairperson或chair,就沒有男女之分。 (如指討論會(huì)的主持人,也可稱為moderator 或coordinator。Many businessmen (businesswomen feel their jobs are very stressful

16、.(許多商人覺得工作壓力很大(如果把businessmen (businesswomen 改為business people 或business executives 或business managers 就可包括男女了(凡是單數(shù)man 或woman,其多數(shù)都是men 或women。Policemen (policewomen should treat citizens with courtesy.(警察對(duì)人民應(yīng)該有禮貌(假如把policemen 或policewomen 改為police officers 就可避免男女性別 Congressmen (congresswomen should

17、speak up for their constitutes. (國會(huì)議員應(yīng)該為其選民說話(constitute = voter (我們也可以把congressmen 或congresswomen 改為members of congress 或congressional representativesStewardesses for international regions may get jet lag sometimes.(國際航線的空中小姐有時(shí)會(huì)有時(shí)差疲憊的現(xiàn)象(如把stewardess 改為flight attendant,就能包括男女空中服務(wù)員。同理,我們可以把salesman 或

18、saleswoman 改為salesperson;把mailman 改為mail carrier 或postal worker;把foreman 改為supervisor 等等。當(dāng)然,一些帶有種族偏見的字眼,甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或slur,也要盡量避免使用,以免鬧出麻煩。例如:對(duì)黑人不要用Negro,更不能用Nigger(用Black 還可以,禮貌的說法是Afro-American 或African-American;對(duì)白人不要用Honky(這是黑人罵白人的用字,正確用法是Caucasian,或white people;對(duì)猶太人不要用Hymies,應(yīng)該叫Jewish 或Jewish people;對(duì)越南人不要用Gook,要用Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人,包括Puerto Rico,正確的用法多是Hispanics 或Latins,不過據(jù)說西班牙人為了維護(hù)自己的文化,倒喜歡別人稱為Spaniard。還有黑白結(jié)婚的孩子,也不可稱為Oreo(Ore