語法：名詞性從句

1、語法：名詞性從句判斷名詞性從句類型： The fact is that we have lost the game. She always thinks of how she can work well. What he wants to tell us is not clear. I insist that she (should) do her work alone.Do you think of his suggestion that he invite Mr .Li to the party.It is a pity that he leave now.I think that he

2、is a good man .What he did surprised everyone.一、同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內容?？捎糜谕徽Z從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting.我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。I have no idea when he will

3、come back home. 我不知道他什么時候回來。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關系代詞，可以引導定語從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個例句:I had no idea that you were here（that引導同位語從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives yo

4、u of life in ancient Greece？（that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）二、表語從句在句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導表語從句的關聯(lián)詞與引導主語從句的關聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時用as if引導。其基本結構為：主語 + 系動詞 + that從句。例如： Thats just what I want. 這正是我想要的。That is why he didnt come to the meeting. 那就是他為什么不到會的原因。It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，當主語是reason時，表

5、語從句要用that引導而不是because。例如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .【注意】whether 可引導表語從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導表語從句。 二主語從句作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自

6、己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當從句的成分。例如：Who will win the match is still unknown. 誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。It is known to us how he became a writer. 我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。有時為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（

7、1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句（2）It + be + 形容詞 + that從句（3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 + that從句（4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句另注意在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that三賓語從句1. 由連接詞that

8、引導的賓語從句有兩個或者兩個以上that引導賓語從句時，第一個that可省去，第二個和之后分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我們決不能認為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command

9、, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。：2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關聯(lián)詞引導的賓語從句相當于特殊疑問句，應注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well. 她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。3. think, believe,

10、 imagine, suppose等等動詞引起的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：We dont think you are here. 我們認為你不在這。I dont believe he will do so. 我相信他不會這樣做。名詞性從句的引導詞： 成分 意思1. 從屬連詞 that 不做成分 沒意思 Wetherif 不做成分 是否2.連接代詞 what 主語、賓語、表語 什么 Whatever 主語、賓語、表語 無論什么 Which 主語、賓語 哪一個 Whichever 主語、賓語 無論哪一個 Whom 賓語 誰 Whomev

11、er 賓語 無論誰 Who 主語 誰 Whoever 主語 無論誰 Whose 定語 誰的。3.連接副詞：when(ever)/where(ever)how(ever)why名詞性從句的連詞選擇方法：既要看從句卻什么成分還要看從句缺什么意思。 a.（ ）was most important to her was her family.b. I dont know ( )is our monitor.c. There are many books,you can take ( )you like.注意：1.只用Whether不用if 的情況：a. 引導主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導表語從句時；c

12、 . 引導從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時；e. 后接動詞不定式時。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他來還是不來。Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告訴我是去還是留？2. what

13、ever與no matter what 的區(qū)別：whateve即可引導名詞性從句也可引導讓步狀語從句，而no matter what只用來引導讓步狀語從句eg .Whatever he said was true. No matter what he said ,I think he was right.鞏固與練習：基礎篇1. _ we need more practice is quite clear.    A. When    B. What    C. That   

14、 D. /    2. _ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.     A. If    B. Whether    C. Even if    D. No matter when    3. _ he is doing seems quite difficult.    A. How &#

15、160;  B. That    C. Which    D. What    4. _ that there is another good harvest this year.    A. It says    B. It is said    C. It was said    D. He was said    5. _ that she

16、has received a doctors degree.    A. Its a splendid news   B. This is a splendid news    C. Its splendid news D. This is splendid news     6. _ still needs to be discussed.    A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How

17、the plan is to be carried out    C. Why is the plan carried outD. Why the plan carried out    7. _ is unknown to us all.    A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it    C. That where she put itD. In which she put it    

18、;   8. Thats _ the Party called on us to do.    A. what    B. that     C. how    D. why    9. The reason why I have to go is _ if I dont.     A. that she will be disappointed B. because she

19、will be disappointed    C. on account of her being disappointedD. that she will be disappointing    10. It was _ he worked hard that he succeeded.    A. because    B. since    C. as    D. for   

20、11. I have no idea _.    A. what does the word “infinity” meanB. what the word “infinity” means    C. what the meaning of the word “infinity” D. what the word “infinity” mean    12. _ do you think will teach us maths next term？    A. Whom&#

21、160;   B. Who    C. What    D. That     13. He often thinks of _ he can do more for the four modernizations.    A. what    B. how    C. that    D. which 鞏固與練習：能力培養(yǎng)1. I wo

22、nder we havent received her invitations yet. Her wedding is only two days away.                          A. how          

23、; B. why         C. that         D. when2. We students got lost in the forest and decided to remain          we were and waited for the guide.     

24、60;           A.where          B.what          C.how           D.who3. Please put the medicine on the top of t

25、he shelf. Its          our children cant reach it.                             A.what     

26、       B.that         C.where            D.how4. The result was far beyond        we had expected,       

27、 brought great joy to everyone of us.                      A.which; which            B.which; that C.what; what   &

28、#160;            D.what; which5. It is difficult to fill the minds of kids with the idea        they must love study.              

29、0;          A. which            B. what        C. whether           D. that 6. It could be judged from her eye

30、s           she was terribly sorry for what she had done.                          A. what      

31、;      B. which       C. that               D. where 7.         surprises us most is        she

32、 doesnt even know       the difference between the two opinions lies.            A. It; that; which B. What; that; what C. What; that; where       D. That; what; where8. Faced

33、 with challenges, you should believe your courage is      makes a difference. A. that            B. what           C. which        

34、; D. whatever9. The companies are working together to create         they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which           B. that        

35、  C. what             D. who10. Professor Backman took up scientific research for decades, and this is        he devoted all his life to.          

36、60;  A. which          B. what         C. where       D. how11. Word came       a gas explosion in a coal mine in northeast China Heilongjiang Provinc

37、e had killed 104 miners by Nov. 23 and left further 4 trapped,       shocked everyone.                              

38、0;        A. that; it       B. where; that         C. that; which         D. when; it 12.         was known to

39、 us all that Johnson had broken his promise      he would give each of us a small gift.     A. As; which       B. What; that         C. It; that     D. It; which13.&

40、#160;       surprised me most was          such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.                   A. That; what     B. What; that          C. That; which       D. What; which14. The manager in the end decided to give the chance to         he believed had a good command