定語從句之重難點大全-

1、定語從句之重難點大全定語從句考點及熱點問題定語從句是中學英語學習的主要語法內(nèi)容之一,也是高考英語的常考知識點。在歷年的高考試題中,相對集中地考查了非限定性定語從句、關(guān)系代(副詞的用法、語義重復、主謂一致及“介詞+which(whom”等有關(guān)定語從句的知識。下面談?wù)劧ㄕZ從句的主要考點及其熱點問題。一、非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點1.引導非限定性定語從句時,只能用which(不用that。例如:She heard the terrible noise ,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that解析

2、:which指代前面的先行詞noise,引導非限定性定語從句,并在從句中作主語。2.有時引導詞which可以指前面整個句子的含義。例如:Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course,made the others unhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what3.除which外,還可用when,where, who(m等關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導非限定性定語從句。例如:Finally I decided to stay in Chong Qing,where I finished

3、 my college study.4.在限定性定語從句中作賓語時,引導詞可以省略,但引導非限定性定語從句的連詞不能省。例如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom he loved as his own mother.5.置于句首時,非限定性定語從句只能用as引導,而置于句末時as和which都可用。例如:_ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.A.That;advancingB

4、.This ;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing答案是C。但是當非限定性定語從句表示與前面的主句意義相反時,只能用which引導。例如:The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if解析:答案是B,句中的more than的本意為“超過”,“超過了我的預料”即為“我沒有預料到”。這里不能用as代替which。二、先行詞是表地點或時間的名詞時,引導詞的選擇。例如:After living in Paris for 50ye

5、ars he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析:答案是B,因為表地點的先行詞the small town在從句中作狀語.當表地點的先行詞在從句中作主、賓、表語時,則要用that 或which引導定語從句。例如:I visited the country which /that had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before .I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the

6、 countryside with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life .A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoI'll never forget the years that/which I spent with my cousin in Australia.解析:先行詞the years在第句中作時間狀語,在第句中作spent的賓語,此時引導詞that/which可省略。三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which /whom”引導的定語從句。例如:In the office I nev

7、er seem to have time until after 5:30 pm _ ,many people have gone home .A.whose timeB.thatC.on whichD.by which time解析:答案是D,by which time即by“after 5:30”“到五點三十分以后”。介詞的選擇,取決于這個介詞與先行詞或從句之間的關(guān)系。又如:Lei Feng, from whom we have once learned a lot,is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military Schoo

8、l(西點軍校 of America.解析;關(guān)系代詞前的介詞from,與從句的謂語動詞learn構(gòu)成習慣表達learn from(向?qū)W習。四、語義的重復。例如:He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science .A.which I think isB.which I think it isC.which I think itD.I think is解析:答案是A。選項B重復了賓語it,因為關(guān)系代詞which 是think的邏輯賓語;此外,引導非限定性定語從句的連詞不能省略,故選項D也不對。五、“介詞+whom

9、”引導的定語從句與who /whom引導的賓語從句作介詞賓語時的區(qū)別。試比較:1、It was a matter of _ would take the position.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever2、Kennedy and Johnson,both of were murde red in their terms, once coworked as president and vice -president.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever解析:答案分別為A和C。前者是賓語從句,who引導的整個賓語從句作介詞of的賓語,同時who

10、在從句中作主語,所以不能用whom引導。后者是定語從句,whom作介詞of的賓語(所以不能用who引導,構(gòu)成介、賓結(jié)構(gòu),作both的定語,而both才是定語從句的主語。六、定語從句中的主謂一致問題。試比較:1、The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.2、The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.A.which is onB

11、.that have not beenC.that has notD.that has not been解析:答案分別是D和B。前一例的先行詞是the only one,且指代它的引導詞在從句中作主語,故從句的謂語動詞必須用單數(shù);又因先行詞one被only修飾,所以只能用that引導。當one 沒有被the only或the very等修飾時,則介詞of后面的the film prize s是先行詞,從句中的謂語動詞就必須用復數(shù),而且引導詞既可用that也可用which(第二例?？傊?當引導詞在句子中作主語時,謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)形式應(yīng)該與該主語保持一致。定語從句與六種易混句型巧區(qū)分定語從句是高

12、中階段的重點語法項目之一。因此,有必要全面弄清其用法。定語從句從句型上講,它與六種句式相似,十分容易混淆,現(xiàn)將其分類例析如下。一、定語從句與并列句1.定語從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于:并列句有像and,but, so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接,這時就不能再用引導定語從句的關(guān)系詞了。2.用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。Mr Li has three daughters,none of _ is an engineer.Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _ is a dancer.Mr Li has three daughters;_ are

13、 doctors.解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,小題是定語從句,故填whom;小題有并列連詞but,是并列句,故填代詞them;小題是兩個并列分句,無需連接詞,缺少主語,故填none或they。二、定語從句與地點狀語從句1.定語從句與地點狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于:定語從句有表示地點的先行詞,而地點狀語從句則沒有;定語從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用“介詞+which”來代替where,而地點狀語從句則通常只能由where引導。2.用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。Rice doesn't grow well _ there is not enough water.I still remember

14、the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago.解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,小題無表示地點的先行詞,故為表示地點的狀語從句,填where;小題中the farm是先行詞,是定語從句,故填where,此處的where可用on which替換。三、定語從句與強調(diào)句1.定語從句與強調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于:強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is /was+被強調(diào)部分+that+從句”。被強調(diào)部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分,當被強調(diào)部分是人時,還可用who代替that。這一句型中,一定不能因為被強調(diào)部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替that。2.用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使

15、之完整與正確。It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport.It is the factory _ Mr Wang works.解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,小題是強調(diào)句,故填that。此種情況檢測的標準是:先把強調(diào)句中的It is/was去掉,再把被強調(diào)部分還原,在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下,如句子仍然成立則為強調(diào)句,否則為定語從句。將第小題改為:I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport.顯然,這句話是正確的,故為強調(diào)句。小題則是定語從句,用上述方

16、法轉(zhuǎn)換便知the factory 前差個介詞in,故填where。四、定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句1.定語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的主要區(qū)別在于(這里只討論the same.as/that和such.as/that兩種情況:在這兩種情況下,如果as/that既引導從句,同時又在從句中充當一定的成分,則as/that引導的是定語從句。2.用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。Ihave the same computer _ you have.She is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her.解析:在

17、the same.as/that結(jié)構(gòu)中,用as指一樣的,但不是同一個事物;用that指同一物品,故小題填as;如果as/that 在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,則as/that引導的是結(jié)果狀語從句,故小題填that。五、定語從句與習慣句型用一個恰當?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai.It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life.解析:這里小題是一個習慣句型,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was the first/second .time +that從句。故填that,其意為:這是她第一次在上海。小題the time是先行詞,其后是表示時間的定語從句,故填when。六、定語從句與單句1、含有定語從句的復合句與兩