定語(yǔ)從句之重難點(diǎn)大全-

1、定語(yǔ)從句之重難點(diǎn)大全定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)及熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題定語(yǔ)從句是中學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的主要語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容之一,也是高考英語(yǔ)的?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)。在歷年的高考試題中,相對(duì)集中地考查了非限定性定語(yǔ)從句、關(guān)系代(副詞的用法、語(yǔ)義重復(fù)、主謂一致及“介詞+which(whom”等有關(guān)定語(yǔ)從句的知識(shí)。下面談?wù)劧ㄕZ(yǔ)從句的主要考點(diǎn)及其熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題。一、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是出現(xiàn)頻率最高的考點(diǎn)1.引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能用which(不用that。例如:She heard the terrible noise ,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that解析

2、:which指代前面的先行詞noise,引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。2.有時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞which可以指前面整個(gè)句子的含義。例如:Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _ , of course,made the others unhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what3.除which外,還可用when,where, who(m等關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。例如:Finally I decided to stay in Chong Qing,where I finished

3、 my college study.4.在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略,但引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的連詞不能省。例如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,whom he loved as his own mother.5.置于句首時(shí),非限定性定語(yǔ)從句只能用as引導(dǎo),而置于句末時(shí)as和which都可用。例如:_ is known to all,China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years' time.A.That;advancingB

4、.This ;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing答案是C。但是當(dāng)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句表示與前面的主句意義相反時(shí),只能用which引導(dǎo)。例如:The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we could expect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.if解析:答案是B,句中的more than的本意為“超過(guò)”,“超過(guò)了我的預(yù)料”即為“我沒有預(yù)料到”。這里不能用as代替which。二、先行詞是表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞的選擇。例如:After living in Paris for 50ye

5、ars he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when解析:答案是B,因?yàn)楸淼攸c(diǎn)的先行詞the small town在從句中作狀語(yǔ).當(dāng)表地點(diǎn)的先行詞在從句中作主、賓、表語(yǔ)時(shí),則要用that 或which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如:I visited the country which /that had been bombed by the US-led NATO a month before .I shall never forget the years _ I lived in the

6、 countryside with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life .A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;whoI'll never forget the years that/which I spent with my cousin in Australia.解析:先行詞the years在第句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),在第句中作spent的賓語(yǔ),此時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞that/which可省略。三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞(which /whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如:In the office I nev

7、er seem to have time until after 5:30 pm _ ,many people have gone home .A.whose timeB.thatC.on whichD.by which time解析:答案是D,by which time即by“after 5:30”“到五點(diǎn)三十分以后”。介詞的選擇,取決于這個(gè)介詞與先行詞或從句之間的關(guān)系。又如:Lei Feng, from whom we have once learned a lot,is now an example to the soldiers of West Point Military Schoo

8、l(西點(diǎn)軍校 of America.解析;關(guān)系代詞前的介詞from,與從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞learn構(gòu)成習(xí)慣表達(dá)learn from(向?qū)W習(xí)。四、語(yǔ)義的重復(fù)。例如:He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science .A.which I think isB.which I think it isC.which I think itD.I think is解析:答案是A。選項(xiàng)B重復(fù)了賓語(yǔ)it,因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞which 是think的邏輯賓語(yǔ);此外,引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的連詞不能省略,故選項(xiàng)D也不對(duì)。五、“介詞+whom

9、”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與who /whom引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。試比較:1、It was a matter of _ would take the position.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever2、Kennedy and Johnson,both of were murde red in their terms, once coworked as president and vice -president.A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever解析:答案分別為A和C。前者是賓語(yǔ)從句,who引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ),同時(shí)who

10、在從句中作主語(yǔ),所以不能用whom引導(dǎo)。后者是定語(yǔ)從句,whom作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)(所以不能用who引導(dǎo),構(gòu)成介、賓結(jié)構(gòu),作both的定語(yǔ),而both才是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。六、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題。試比較:1、The Oscar is the only one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.2、The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress by far.A.which is onB

11、.that have not beenC.that has notD.that has not been解析:答案分別是D和B。前一例的先行詞是the only one,且指代它的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),故從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù);又因先行詞one被only修飾,所以只能用that引導(dǎo)。當(dāng)one 沒有被the only或the very等修飾時(shí),則介詞of后面的the film prize s是先行詞,從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就必須用復(fù)數(shù),而且引導(dǎo)詞既可用that也可用which(第二例。總之,當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在句子中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)該與該主語(yǔ)保持一致。定語(yǔ)從句與六種易混句型巧區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句是高

12、中階段的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目之一。因此,有必要全面弄清其用法。定語(yǔ)從句從句型上講,它與六種句式相似,十分容易混淆,現(xiàn)將其分類例析如下。一、定語(yǔ)從句與并列句1.定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于:并列句有像and,but, so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接,這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。2.用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。Mr Li has three daughters,none of _ is an engineer.Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _ is a dancer.Mr Li has three daughters;_ are

13、 doctors.解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,小題是定語(yǔ)從句,故填whom;小題有并列連詞but,是并列句,故填代詞them;小題是兩個(gè)并列分句,無(wú)需連接詞,缺少主語(yǔ),故填none或they。二、定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句1.定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的主要區(qū)別在于:定語(yǔ)從句有表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞,而地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句則沒有;定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞根據(jù)需要可用“介詞+which”來(lái)代替where,而地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句則通常只能由where引導(dǎo)。2.用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。Rice doesn't grow well _ there is not enough water.I still remember

14、the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago.解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,小題無(wú)表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞,故為表示地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)從句,填where;小題中the farm是先行詞,是定語(yǔ)從句,故填where,此處的where可用on which替換。三、定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句1.定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句的主要區(qū)別在于:強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is /was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+從句”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分可以是除謂語(yǔ)以外的任何成分,當(dāng)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí),還可用who代替that。這一句型中,一定不能因?yàn)楸粡?qiáng)調(diào)部分是表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的詞就用when或where代替that。2.用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使

15、之完整與正確。It is on the morning of May 1st _ I met Liang Wei at the airport.It is the factory _ Mr Wang works.解析:從結(jié)構(gòu)上看,小題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句,故填that。此種情況檢測(cè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是:先把強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的It is/was去掉,再把被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分還原,在不增加或減少任何單詞的情況下,如句子仍然成立則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句,否則為定語(yǔ)從句。將第小題改為:I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport.顯然,這句話是正確的,故為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。小題則是定語(yǔ)從句,用上述方

16、法轉(zhuǎn)換便知the factory 前差個(gè)介詞in,故填where。四、定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1.定語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的主要區(qū)別在于(這里只討論the same.as/that和such.as/that兩種情況:在這兩種情況下,如果as/that既引導(dǎo)從句,同時(shí)又在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分,則as/that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。2.用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。Ihave the same computer _ you have.She is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her.解析:在

17、the same.as/that結(jié)構(gòu)中,用as指一樣的,但不是同一個(gè)事物;用that指同一物品,故小題填as;如果as/that 在從句中不作任何成分,只起連接作用,則as/that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,故小題填that。五、定語(yǔ)從句與習(xí)慣句型用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子,使之完整與正確。It is the first time _ she has been in Shanghai.It was the time _ Chinese people had a hard life.解析:這里小題是一個(gè)習(xí)慣句型,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was the first/second .time +that從句。故填that,其意為:這是她第一次在上海。小題the time是先行詞,其后是表示時(shí)間的定語(yǔ)從句,故填when。六、定語(yǔ)從句與單句1、含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句與兩