如何運(yùn)用代詞解答英語閱讀題學(xué)案

1、.語篇分析根底知識一、 篇章銜接手段1. 指稱reference, 分為：人稱指稱、指示指稱、比較指稱1 Three blind mice, three blind mice.See how they run! See how they run! “They refers to _. 2 Doctor Forster went to Gloucester in a shower of rain.He stepped in a puddle right up to his middle and never went there again.“He refers to _.3 There were

2、 two wrens upon a tree. Another came, and there were three.“Another refers to _.4 My wife and I are leaving for Beijing next Monday. We have booked the tickets already.“We refers to _.5 The naughty boy threw all his toys around. “Pick these up! Miss Green demanded.6 Whats that? Its a book. 7 Its the

3、 same cat as the one we saw yesterday.Did we see this cat yesterday?8 Its a similar cat to the one we saw yesterday.Are they the same cats or not?9 Its a different cat from the one we saw yesterday.Yesterday we saw a cat. But this one is _the same one, another. Conclusion 1: English sentences are co

4、nnected with each other by _, _ and _. 2. 替代substitution- Did Susan take that course?- She might have done.We use “done to substitute _.- Do you think he is the person to believe in?- Yes, I think so. Conclusion 2: We use substitution to avoid _ and make the sentence more cohesive.3. 省略ellipsis- Her

5、e are some reference books. How many would you like to have?- Id like to have three. Id like to have three _. We delete some words to make the sentence more _. 4. 連接conjunction增補(bǔ)型Additive, 轉(zhuǎn)折型adversative, 因果型causal, 時間型temporal并列、列舉、條件、讓步Ø Cars are very dangerous machines. And they are expensiv

6、e._Ø Vegetable oil is digestible and mineral oil is not._Ø Parents have to do much less for their children today than they used to, and home is become much less of a workshop._Ø 'You said you'd stay till tomorrow.' 'I know, Bel, but I think I would rather go back.'

7、 _Ø In production, we demand not only quantity but also quality. _Ø First, it keeps you awake. In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing

8、 helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points. _Ø If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. _Ø Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the wind, doesnt require th

9、e most active kind of reading. _Ø Even if you wrote on a scratch pad, and threw the paper away when you had finished writing, your grasp of the book would be sure. _5. 詞匯銜接lexical cohesionØ 重現(xiàn)：原詞重復(fù) Repetition，同義、近義詞synonym or near-synonym, 上下義關(guān)系hyponymyØ 同現(xiàn): 固定搭配collocation，語義場 同一話題場景

10、 詞匯-形成詞匯鏈lexical chain1) Coins can be made of different kinds of metal mixed together. The earliest coins in the west made of gold with silver. The new Chinese panda coin is made of 99.99% gold. 2) A great number of high school graduates continue their education in one of any colleges or universitie

11、s in the country. After four years they receive a bachelors degree. Some continue studying for a masters degree and perhaps a doctors degree. 二、銜接與連接的關(guān)系1. 銜接coherence2. 連接 cohesionCohesion emphasizes the form while coherence emphasizes the meaning.Eg: John is still a bachelor now. He is going to get

12、 married next week.John is still a bachelor now. He is happy and gay.John is still a bachelor now. He is going to get a divorce next week. - Theres the doorbell. - Im in the bathroom.- What do you think of the play? - Its a nice theatre. 篇章策略1.1什么是篇章策略?Ø 篇章策略: 作者根據(jù)篇章的目的或功能而采用的謀篇布局的方法。Ø 篇章策

13、略包括體裁genre、篇章類型 text type、篇章形式 textual patter、篇章策略連續(xù)體等 text strategic continuity 的采用。Ø 在篇章閱讀過程中對其篇章策略進(jìn)展提煉不但能使讀者逐步建立某一體裁的篇章策略圖式,即形式圖式,從而幫助讀者借助作者的這一圖式,宏觀、高效、準(zhǔn)確地對篇章進(jìn)展解碼;也會為讀者在構(gòu)建某一體裁的篇章時提供可資借鑒的篇章組織的模版,從而使得讀、寫過程互促互動形成兩種才能同步進(jìn)步的良性循環(huán)。1.2 篇章策略的類型1.2.1體裁和類型根據(jù) Fowler1970所述:體裁genre與篇章的交際目的有關(guān),如小說、演講、指南手冊、兒歌

14、、商業(yè)信函等均屬不同體裁;篇章類型與篇章的內(nèi)容或形式有關(guān),可分為說明類expository、描寫類descriptive、表達(dá)類narrative、論辯類argumentative、 評價類 evaluative、說理類 persuasive、指導(dǎo)類 instructive、程序類 procedural等篇章。二者聯(lián)絡(luò)嚴(yán)密,某種體裁的篇章往往具有某幾種典型的篇章類型:一般來說, 小說是描寫或敘事性的;說明書屬說明、指導(dǎo)、程序類篇章;演講為說理類成論辯類型的篇章;書評具有描寫、敘事和評價性,但以評價性為主。1.2.2篇章形式篇章形式是由篇章類型決定的,是對篇章進(jìn)展分類的又一種方法。作為組篇的根本

15、要素,篇章類型對篇章表層構(gòu)造的形成具有制約作用,篇章形式就是這種制約的結(jié)果。篇章形式主要包括:1 問題- 解決形式problem solution pattern 2 提問 答復(fù)形式question answer pattern 3主張-反主張形式claimcounterclaim pattern4敘事形式narrative pattern5概括-詳細(xì)形式generalspecific pattern 1.3篇章策略連續(xù)體是作者根據(jù)交際目的,以獲取最大限度有利于篇章承受者的篇章組織形式為目的,做出主位 theme或主題 lope一致性篇章建構(gòu)的定位或 傾向。連續(xù)體通過語言特征在篇章表層展現(xiàn)出來,它作為主位性篇章連接