無(wú)人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用

1、無(wú)人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用一提到無(wú)人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用，想必大家首先想到的是農(nóng)藥噴灑，農(nóng)藥噴灑是植保無(wú)人機(jī)最常見(jiàn)的應(yīng)用方式，因其高效安全、節(jié)約成本、易操作等優(yōu)勢(shì)受到了人們的肯定。但是無(wú)人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用并不僅僅局限于此，本文為大家解讀無(wú)人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的各類(lèi)應(yīng)用。The Application of UAV in AgricultureIn recent years, with the expansion of UAV technology in the commercial field，

2、 UAV became a new research focus in the field of agriculture, using UAV as low-altitude remote sensing platform on farmland became a reasonable idea. At the mention application of UAV in agr

3、iculture，surely we first thought it can spray pesticides, pesticide spraying is the most common application of the plant protection UAV, because of its high safety, cost saving, easy operation and other advantages, makes it get people's affirmation. However, the application of UAV in agriculture

4、 is not limited to this, this paper for the interpretation of the various applications of UAV in agriculture.一、農(nóng)田藥物噴灑Spraying pesticides on farms藥物噴灑是農(nóng)用無(wú)人機(jī)最為廣泛的應(yīng)用，與傳統(tǒng)植保作業(yè)相比，植保無(wú)人機(jī)具有精準(zhǔn)作業(yè)、高效環(huán)保、智能化、操作簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn)，為農(nóng)戶(hù)節(jié)省大型機(jī)械和大量人力的成本，全國(guó)各地不少地區(qū)都已使用植保無(wú)人機(jī)進(jìn)行藥物作業(yè)，受到了人們的肯定。據(jù)相關(guān)人士稱(chēng)，未來(lái)農(nóng)業(yè)植保領(lǐng)域?qū)?huì)有千億市場(chǎng)空間。Compared to the tradit

5、ional plant protection work, the spraying pesticides is the most widely use of agricultural UAV, plant protection UAV has the characteristics of precise operation, environmental protection and efficient, intelligent, simple operation, large machinery and a lot of manpower cost savings for farmers, m

6、any areas across the country already use plant protection UAV to spray pesticides, has been affirmed by the people.According to relevant sources, the future of agricultural plant protection field will be billions market space.二、農(nóng)田信息監(jiān)測(cè)Information monitoring on farms無(wú)人機(jī)農(nóng)田信息監(jiān)測(cè)主要包括病蟲(chóng)監(jiān)測(cè)、灌溉情況監(jiān)測(cè)及農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)情況監(jiān)測(cè)等

7、，是利用以遙感技術(shù)為主的空間信息技術(shù)通過(guò)對(duì)大面積農(nóng)田、土地進(jìn)行航拍，從航拍的圖片、攝像資料中充分、全面地了解農(nóng)作物的生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境、周期等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)，從灌溉到土壤變異，再到肉眼無(wú)法發(fā)現(xiàn)的病蟲(chóng)害、細(xì)菌侵襲，指出出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的區(qū)域，從而便于農(nóng)民更好地進(jìn)行田間管理。無(wú)人機(jī)農(nóng)田信息監(jiān)測(cè)具有范圍大、時(shí)效強(qiáng)和客觀(guān)準(zhǔn)確的優(yōu)勢(shì)，是常規(guī)監(jiān)測(cè)手段無(wú)法企及的。2002年，美國(guó)宇航局已將無(wú)人機(jī)用于農(nóng)田信息監(jiān)測(cè)，Pathfinder-Plus太陽(yáng)能無(wú)人機(jī)搭載高分辨率彩色多光譜成像儀，用來(lái)監(jiān)督Kauai咖啡公司的1500hm²種植區(qū)雜草爆發(fā)、暴露灌溉及施肥異常等情況。除美國(guó)之外，西班牙也早有人使用無(wú)人機(jī)搭載光譜設(shè)備，用于測(cè)

8、試在400800nm光譜區(qū)內(nèi)葉片的胡蘿卜素含量，以模擬葡萄樹(shù)的反射率的先例。Information monitoring of UAV on farms mainly includes pest monitoring and irrigation monitoring and crop growth monitoring, using the technology of spatial information based on remote sensing technology, through aerial of large areas of farmland, land, from aer

9、ial images, video data, fully understand crops growth environment, period and other indicators, from irrigation to soil variability, to the naked eye can not be found in the plant diseases and insect pests, bacterial invasion, regional problems are pointed out, so as to be convenient for the farmer

10、in field management. UAV farmland information monitoring has the advantages with large range, timeliness, objectivity and accuracy, is beyond the conventional monitoring means.In 2002, NASA used UAV for farmland information monitoring, solar Pathfinder-Plus UAV equipped with high resolution color mu

11、lti spectral imager, was supervising weed outbreak, irrigation and fertilization with 1500hm2 planting area of Kauai coffee company.In addition to the United States, Spain has long been the use of unmanned aerial vehicle that equipped with spectral equipment for testing the carotene content in the 4

12、00 800nm spectral region of the leaves, set an important precedent in order to simulate the reflectivity of the grape tree.三、農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)勘察Agricultural Insurance Survey農(nóng)作物在生長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中難免遭受自然災(zāi)害的侵襲，使得農(nóng)民受損。對(duì)于擁有小面積農(nóng)作物的農(nóng)戶(hù)來(lái)說(shuō)，受災(zāi)區(qū)域勘察并非難事，但是當(dāng)農(nóng)作物大面積受到自然侵害時(shí)，農(nóng)作物查勘定損工作量極大，其中最難以準(zhǔn)確界定的就是損失面積問(wèn)題。農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)公司為了更為有效地測(cè)定實(shí)際受災(zāi)面積，進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)災(zāi)害損失勘察，將

13、無(wú)人機(jī)應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)賠付中。無(wú)人機(jī)具有機(jī)動(dòng)快速的響應(yīng)能力、高分辨率圖像和高精度定位數(shù)據(jù)獲取能力、多種任務(wù)設(shè)備的應(yīng)用拓展能力、便利的系統(tǒng)維護(hù)等技術(shù)特點(diǎn)，可以高效地進(jìn)行受災(zāi)定損任務(wù)。通過(guò)航拍查勘獲取數(shù)據(jù)、對(duì)航拍圖片進(jìn)行后期處理與技術(shù)分析，并與實(shí)地丈量結(jié)果進(jìn)行比較校正，保險(xiǎn)公司可以更為準(zhǔn)確地測(cè)定實(shí)際受災(zāi)面積。無(wú)人機(jī)受災(zāi)定損，解決了農(nóng)業(yè)保險(xiǎn)賠付中勘察定損難、缺少時(shí)效性等問(wèn)題，大大提高了勘查工作的速度，節(jié)約了大量的人力物力，在提高效率的同時(shí)確保了農(nóng)田賠付勘察的準(zhǔn)確性。Crops inevitably suffered the invasion from natural disasters in the

14、growth process, which caused the farmer to suffer the loss made the damage. To have a small area of the crop farmers, affected area reconnaissance is not difficult, but when a large area of crops is aggrieved by the natural factors, need a lot of work to assess the damage survey of crops, of these,

15、which is most difficult to accurately define the loss area.In order to more effectively determine the actual disaster area, the agricultural insurance company will survey agricultural disaster damage. The UAV is applied to agricultural insurance coverage. UAV has a mobile rapid response ability, hig

16、h resolution image and high precision positioning data acquisition capabilities, a variety of mission equipment application development ability, convenient system maintenance, technical characteristics, can be efficiently affected task to assess the damage. By aerial survey data acquisition, on aeri

17、al pictures of post processing and technical analysis, and field measurement results are compared with correction, insurance company can be more accurate determination of the actual disaster area. UAV disaster can use to assess the damage and to solve the agricultural insurance, payment for difficul

18、tly surveying the damage and lack of timeliness, greatly increases the speed of the exploration work, saving a lot of manpower and resources, not only to improve the efficiency, but also to ensure accuracy survey about the farmland compensation.無(wú)人機(jī)在農(nóng)業(yè)方面的應(yīng)用除以上三個(gè)用途外，還可進(jìn)行播種、授粉、施肥。近年來(lái)逐漸開(kāi)展起來(lái)的農(nóng)用無(wú)人機(jī)作業(yè)在化肥施撒

19、、農(nóng)作物授粉、播種等方面充分顯示出優(yōu)勢(shì)，相比傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)用機(jī)械，首先無(wú)人機(jī)播種、施肥具有精準(zhǔn)度高、效率高的特點(diǎn)，將農(nóng)民從繁重的植保作業(yè)中解脫出來(lái)，利于規(guī)?；a(chǎn)；其次無(wú)人機(jī)體積小巧，方便轉(zhuǎn)場(chǎng)和運(yùn)輸；再次不受地形條件限制，適用性好；最后，無(wú)人機(jī)操控手通過(guò)地面遙控及GPS定位對(duì)其實(shí)施控制，不直接操作機(jī)器，有效避免人員傷亡，安全性高。這些都使得農(nóng)用無(wú)人機(jī)成為農(nóng)業(yè)植保領(lǐng)域研究和應(yīng)用的熱門(mén)機(jī)型，深受農(nóng)戶(hù)歡迎。In addition to the above the purpose with the application of UAV in agriculture, but also it can be for sowing, fertilization and pollination. In recent years UAV gradually develops agricultural operating in fertilizer applicators, crop pollination, seed and fully demonstrated the advantage, compared to traditional agricultural machinery, first UAV sowing, fer