英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習

1、.英語被動語態(tài)講解及練習 一、什么是被動語態(tài)？      英語中時態(tài)很多，但語態(tài)不多，只有兩種，即：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。所謂“被動語態(tài)，相當于中文中常說的“被、“由的句式，如：“他的自行車被偷了。，“這座樓房是由他們建造的。二、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)造      那么，英語中被動語態(tài)是怎么樣構(gòu)成的呢？請看下面的例句注意劃線部分：      His bicycle was stolen.      The b

2、uilding has been built in 2019.      通過上面的例句，可以看出，“被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是：      be + 過去分詞 + by+動作執(zhí)行者三、被動語態(tài)的運用      什么情況下要用被動語態(tài)呢？一般地說，有下面幾種情況：      1 不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或沒有必要。例如：      Paper is made

3、from wood. 紙是由木材消費出來的。      The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. 這座房子太舊了。它是1950年建成的。       He was wounded in the fight. 他在戰(zhàn)斗在受傷了。      Electricity is used to run machines. 電是用來開動機器的。      2 需

4、要強調(diào)動作的對象時。例如：       Calculator can't be used in the maths exam. 計算器不能用于數(shù)學考試。      Books and newspapers in the reading room mustnt be taken away. 閱覽室的書籍和報紙不準帶走。      He was awarded first prize in that contest. 他在比賽中獲得了第一。&

5、#160;     3為了使語氣婉轉(zhuǎn)，防止提到是誰做的這件事。例如：      The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month. 新實驗室必須在下個月底前完工。      四、各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例      一般地講，被動語態(tài)可用于英語的各種時態(tài)。為了能準確地運用被動語態(tài)，重點是要掌握be動詞的各種時態(tài)變

6、化。各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)舉例如下：      1、 一般如今時的被動語態(tài). am / is / are + 動詞的過去分詞      Our classroom is cleaned every day.      This car is made in China.      2、一般過去式的被動語態(tài): was / were + 動詞的過去分詞    

7、60; His desk was cleaned just now.      The station was built in 1928.      3、如今進展時的被動語態(tài): am / is / are + being + 動詞的過去分詞       A new factory is being built in our city now.      Some trees are being

8、cut down in the park.      4、過去進展時的被動語態(tài): was / were + being + 動詞的過去分詞      A new factory was being built in our city at that time.      Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.     

9、 5、一般將來時的被動語態(tài):       A will / shall + be + 動詞的過去分詞      B am / is / are + going to be +動詞的過去分詞.      Some new factories will be built in our city this year.      Your watch is going to be mended in an

10、 hour.      6、過去將來時的被動語態(tài): 1.would / should + be + 動詞的過去分詞 2.was / were +going to be + 動詞的過去分詞.      She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.      He thought that your watch was going to be mended afte

11、r an hour.      7、如今完成時的被動語態(tài):have / has + been + 動詞的過去分詞      Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.      Your watch has been mended already.      8、過去完成時的被動語態(tài):had + been + 動詞

12、的過去分詞       He said that some new factories had been built in the city.      I didnt know that my watch had been mended.      9、含情態(tài)動詞的被動式：can/may/must + be + done      例如：He can not be found. / I must

13、 be paid for this.       五、如何將主動語態(tài)變成被動語態(tài)       1、從句子意義上說，就是重新找出“什么事物是“被完成的。      例1.       主動語態(tài)：人們說英語。People speak English in many countries.      被動語態(tài)：英語被說。English is spoken

14、in many countries.      例2.       主動語態(tài)：我們造這座橋。We built this bridge last year.      被動語態(tài)：這座橋被建造。This bridge was built last year.      2、從語法的角度說，把原句的賓語改成主語。      例1.   

15、;    主動語態(tài)：小王邀請你賓語 Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.      被動語態(tài)：你賓語被邀請。 You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.      例2.       主動語態(tài)：你不準帶走雜志賓語 You must not take these magazines out of the read

16、ing-room.      被動語態(tài)：雜志賓語不準被帶走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.      例3.       主動語態(tài)：他們授給他賓語一枚獎章賓語.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.      被動語態(tài)：他賓語被授予一枚獎章. He was gi

17、ven a medal for his wonderful work.      被動語態(tài)：一枚獎章賓語被授給了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.      六、練習      1.We shall discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting.       提示 the problem

18、 -be - discuss      2.Has anybody fed the birds?       提示 Has anybody - be - feed      3.People will never forget the accident.       提示 the accident - will be - forget      4

19、.They are repairing the car in the garage.       提示 the car - be being - repair      5.Someone must have turned on the light without your notice.       提示 the light - must have - be - turn on      6.T

20、hey have found ways to make waste water clean.      7.Someone must take care of the children when we go out.       8.They won't hold the meeting until next Friday.       9.You may write this letter in pencil.  &

21、#160;   10.They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被動語態(tài)復習 ABC A熟記構(gòu)造 被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)造為“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞pp。被動語態(tài)的不同時態(tài)是通過be的時態(tài)變化來表示的，其人稱和數(shù)方面應與主語保持一致。其詳細變化為： 一般如今時：amisarepp 一般過去時：waswerepp 一般將來時：shall will be pp 如今完成時：have has been pp 如今進展時：amisarebeingpp 過去將來時：should would be pp 含情態(tài)動詞的被動構(gòu)造：情態(tài)動詞bepp

22、例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken 選D?？疾煲话闳缃駮r的被動語態(tài) The boy _ to get supper ready after school Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells 選C。考察一般過去時的被動語態(tài) A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be Chas Dhave 選B。考察含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) B明確用法 被動語態(tài)

23、常用于以下兩種情況： 1不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者； 2強調(diào)動作的承受者。例如： 這棵樹是那個男孩弄斷的。 The tree _ _ by that boy 填was broken C純熟轉(zhuǎn)換 1將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的根本方法為： 將主動語態(tài)的賓語作被動語態(tài)的主語； 謂語動詞變?yōu)椤癰e及物動詞的過去分詞，并通過be的變化來表達出不同的時態(tài)； 主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語，組成介詞短語放在被動構(gòu)造中的謂語動詞之后。有時by短語可以省略。 2被動語態(tài)的一般疑問句是將一個助動詞置于主語之前；否認句是在第一個助動詞后加not；特殊疑問句的語序為：疑問詞一般疑問句。例如

24、： You must throw the broken pottery away at once The broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once同義句 填must be thrown away Where did they grow vegetables？改為被動語態(tài) Where _ vegetables _ ？填were；grown D注意特例 將主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)應注意幾個特殊情況： 1含雙賓語的主動構(gòu)造變?yōu)楸粍訕?gòu)造時，有兩種方法： 將間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，直接賓語保持不變； 將直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，間接賓語用介詞to或for引導。例如： He told us a story

25、變被動語態(tài) We were told a storyby him或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen變被動語態(tài) A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 填was given to 2短語動詞的被動語態(tài)：在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，要將短語動詞視為一個整體，其后的介詞或副詞不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustn't _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away D

26、She will take good care of the children變被動語態(tài) The children will _ _ _ _ _ by her 填be taken good care of 3含有復合賓語的主動構(gòu)造變被動構(gòu)造時，通常將賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z，而賓語補足語就成為主語補足語。注意：省略to的不定式作賓補時，不定式符號to必須補上。例如： Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday變被動He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 填was seen to 4不定式的被動構(gòu)造：動詞不

27、定式的被動語態(tài)為“to be 過去分詞。例如： The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C 5以疑問代詞開頭的疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換成被動句時要注意詞序：應將主動句中的疑問代詞改為介詞by的賓語，但仍然放在句子開頭。例如： Who has broken the cup？改為被動語態(tài) By whom has the cup been broken？ E注意區(qū)別 被動語態(tài)和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別： 1含義不同：被動語態(tài)強調(diào)動作，重點說明動作由誰完成、怎樣完成；而過去分詞作表語通常用來描寫情景，表達人