高考英語專題之現(xiàn)在分詞

1、.如今分詞 語法圖解探究發(fā)現(xiàn)What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China?What he did was amazing.Last time, when I visited China, we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left.Walking in the park, she met an old friend.Not knowing the phone number, we cannot

2、get in touch with her.我的發(fā)現(xiàn)以上五個句子中都含有一個如今分詞，并且如今分詞的作用各不一樣：句exciting作定語，句amazing作表語，句wearing .作賓語補足語，句walking .作時間狀語，句not knowing .作原因狀語。如今分詞由動詞加ing形式構(gòu)成，是分詞的一種，在句子里面不能單獨充當(dāng)謂語，但能充當(dāng)其他的一些成分，如定語、表語、賓語補足語和狀語。一、如今分詞的形式如今分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式如下：語態(tài)形式時態(tài)形式主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成時having donehaving been done1如今分詞的一般式表示與

3、謂語動作同時發(fā)生的動作。We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing.我們沿河岸有說有笑地走著。2如今分詞的完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動作之前的動作。Having been ill for two weeks, she felt rather weak.由于病了兩周，她感到身體非常虛弱。3如今分詞的被動形式：如今分詞的邏輯主語表示動作的承受者時用被動語態(tài)。1如今分詞一般式的被動式表示正在進展的被動動作。This is one of the many dams being built along the river.這是沿河修筑的許多水壩之一

4、。2如今分詞完成式的被動式表示在謂語動作之前發(fā)生的被動動作。Having been seriously injured in the accident, he had to be taken to the hospital immediately.在事故中受傷很嚴重，他不得不立即被送往醫(yī)院。即時演練1用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空浙江高考改編Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it _perform live is quite another. 北京高考改編Last night, there were millions of p

5、eople _ watch the opening ceremony live on TV.江西高考改編_ spend nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel._ give such a good chance, how can I let it slip away?四川高考改編_ know which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.二、如今分詞的句法功能1作定語1單個的如今分詞作定語往往放在被修飾詞的前面。2如今分詞短語作定語

6、往往放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。The man speaking to us the other day has gone to Japan.那天同我們講話的那個人已經(jīng)去日本了。Do you know the number of people coming who will come to the party?你知道來參加晚會的人數(shù)嗎？課堂點津如今分詞的完成式一般不作定語。即時演練21用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空大綱卷改編Today there are more airplanes _ carry more people than ever before in the skies. 遼寧

7、高考改編Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ wait for her.2句型轉(zhuǎn)換The students working in the country will be back tomorrow.The students _ will be back tomorrow.The building being built now will be our library.The building _ will be our library.2作表語如今分詞作表語是

8、用來表示主語的特性、狀態(tài)、情感等，具有形容詞的特征。常見的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, amusing, confusing等。The news was very encouraging that Chinese golfer Guan Tianlang was set to become the youngest player at the Masters tournament.中國高爾夫選手關(guān)天朗成為大師賽中最年輕球員的消息非常鼓舞人心。The argument is

9、 very convincing. 這個論點很令人信服。即時演練3用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空The news was _ disappointThis story is very _ moveYour achievements are _ inspireThe man is _ annoy3作賓語補足語1如今分詞通常作感官動詞watch, observe, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel等、表示狀態(tài)的動詞keep, leave或“使役動詞get, have, make的賓語補足語。此時，賓語是如今分詞所表示動作的執(zhí)行者；從時間上講，它表示正在進展的動作或動作的

10、持續(xù)。I hear someone talking in the next room.我聽到隔壁有人在談話。we saw the steam rising from the wet clothes.我們看到蒸汽從濕衣服上升起來。2在“with/without名詞/代詞如今分詞構(gòu)造中，如今分詞或如今分詞短語作介詞的賓語補足語。His hair became grey with the years passing.隨著時間的推移，他的頭發(fā)變花白了。Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.沒人注意，他從窗戶溜了出去。即時演練4完成

11、句子許多人看到了船駛離了港口。observeMany people _ the harbor.不要讓學(xué)生整天學(xué)習(xí)。haveDont _ all day.物價上漲如此快，以致于我們買不起一所新房子。with_ so fast, we cant afford a new house.4作狀語如今分詞作狀語可以表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、方式或伴隨情況等。1如今分詞短語作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于一個時間狀語從句，有時可由連詞when, while等引出。While reading the book, he nodded from time to time.他一邊看書，一邊不時地點頭。2如今分詞短語作原因狀語，相當(dāng)

12、于一個原因狀語從句。Not knowing his address, I cant send this book to him.因為不知道他的地址，我不能把這本書寄給他。3如今分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，表示意料中的結(jié)果。His father died, leaving him a lot of money.他父親死了，留給他許多錢。4如今分詞作伴隨狀語，可以放在句子的前面、后面或中間，表示主語的另一個、較次要的動作。They stood there for half an hour watching the stars in the sky.他們在那兒站了半小時，觀察著天上的星星。即時演練51用所給

13、詞的適當(dāng)形式填空北京高考改編The park was full of people, _ enjoy themselves in the sunshine.天津高考改編_ work for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 重慶高考改編 Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way _ use the sun and the stars.福建高考改編_ spend the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,

14、Linda appears more mature than those of her age.2句型轉(zhuǎn)換After he had turned off the TV, he began to do his homework._ the TV, he began to do his homework.Because she hadnt received his reply, she decided to make a call to him._ his reply, she decided to make a call to him.The car was held up by the sto

15、rm and caused the delay.The car was held up by the storm, _.三、如今分詞獨立構(gòu)造作狀語假如作狀語的如今分詞的邏輯主語不和句子主語一致，分詞就要帶上自己的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞獨立構(gòu)造。Class being over, the children went home.一放學(xué)，孩子們就回家了。All audience having taken their seats, the play began.所有觀眾就座之后，戲劇開場。四、如今分詞獨立成分作狀語如今分詞獨立成分，一般已成為固定構(gòu)造，表示說話人對所說內(nèi)容所持的看法，其邏輯主語不要求同句子

16、主語一致。常用的有：judging from/by由判斷generally speaking 一般說來，總的來說strictly/honestly/frankly speaking 嚴格/老實/坦率地說considering 考慮到Judging from his accent, he must be from the south.由口音判斷，他一定是南方人。Considering his age, the child reads quite well.考慮到他的年齡，這個孩子讀得很好。即時演練61用所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空江蘇高考改編The lecture _give, a lively qu

17、estionandanswer session followed.The book _ write in simple English, it will be more popular.2完成句子_,_girls are better at language learning than boys.一般說來，女孩比男孩更擅長學(xué)習(xí)語言。_,_Ill go to see you.時間允許，我就去看你。His homework _,_the boy went out to play.他的作業(yè)尚未完成，這個男孩就出去玩了。.單句語法填空1江蘇高考改編In art criticism, you must

18、assume the artist has a secret message _ hide within the work.2山東高考改編_ eat at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. 3全國卷改編I got to the office earlier that day, _ catch the 7：30 train from Paddington. 4重慶高考改編When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ tell me stories til

19、l I fell asleep.5山東高考改編The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ stand in one corner. 6The question _ discuss is of great importance.7The US house price has risen by 12.4% over the 12 months to the end of July, completely _ ruinhis plan to buy another apartment.8Not _ know her address, I cant write

20、 to her.9They made a great effort to prepare the exhibition, _ hope to achieve a big success.10Dont leave the water _ run while you brush your teeth.11Weather _ permit，well have a picnic next Sunday.12The flowers _ smell sweet in the botanical garden attract many visitors.單句寫作1全國卷標準范文_ 我們將在一起唱歌、跳舞、做游戲來度過美妙的光陰, which we hope will make them happy.2全國卷總分值作文In the newspaper of ou