核專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)詞匯

1、）核物理基本概念元素element單位，機(jī)組unit粒子particle國(guó)際單位制SystemInternational,離子ionSI分子molecule千克kilogram(kg)原子atom伏特volt(V)原子的atomic摩爾mole(mol)原子核nucleus(pl.nuclei)庫(kù)侖coulomb核的nuclear電子伏特electron-volt(eV)質(zhì)子proton兆電子伏特megaelectron-volt中子neutronelectron(MeV)massdefect電子質(zhì)量虧損核子nucleon結(jié)合能bindingenergy化學(xué)性質(zhì)chemicalidentity

2、動(dòng)能kineticenergy帶正電的positivelycharged勢(shì)能potential,potential帶負(fù)電的negativelychargedenergy不帶電的uncharged躍遷jump電中性的electricallyneutral核力nuclearforce（元素）周期表periodictable排斥repulsion原子序數(shù)atomicnumber吸引attraction質(zhì)量數(shù)massnumber轟擊bombardment軌道電子orbitalelectron發(fā)射（出）emission(n.),emit(v.)同位素isotope能級(jí)energylevel天然存在的na

3、turallyoccurring裂變fission人工的artificial聚變fusion化學(xué)鍵chemicalbond衰變decay化合物compound鋇barium上標(biāo)superscript硼boron下標(biāo)subscript鉍bismuth氧oxygen鈾uranium氫，氕h(huán)ydrogen钚plutonium重氫，氘heavyhydrogen,釷thoriumdeuterium鋰lithium重氫核，氘核deuterion鈉sodium超重氫，氚tritium核反應(yīng)nuclearreaction碳carbon鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)chainreaction氦helium輻射，射線radiation

4、放射性的radioactive超鈾元素transuraniumelement加權(quán)平均weightedmean可裂變的fissionable質(zhì)量mass易裂變的fissile動(dòng)量momentum碎片fragment能量energy宏觀的macroscopic微觀的microscopic庫(kù)侖力Coulombforce介觀的mesoscopic電磁輻射electromagnetic激發(fā)exciteradiation靜電的electrostatic(二)放射性宇宙射線電離cosmicrayionization反比于beinverselyproportionalto韌致輻射bremsstrahlung(

5、brakingradiation)根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)?射線asaruleofthumbalpharay輻射，射線radiation?射線betaray正比于beproportionalto?射線gammaray帶電粒子chargedparticle吸入inhale所photon動(dòng)能kineticenergy散射scattering勢(shì)能potential(energy)衍射diffraction量子quantum折射deflection屏敝shielding碰撞collision正電子positron鋁aluminum加速器accelerator鉞beryllium放射性radioactivity氨hel

6、ium湮火annihilation相互作用攝入interactioningest(三)光電效應(yīng)核反應(yīng)photoelectriceffect衰減attenuation靶恩barn放大amplification反沖，反作用recoil鎘cadmium平均自由程meanfreepath鉆cobalt轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)化transmutation氧oxygen擴(kuò)散diffusion氮nitrogen中子擴(kuò)散neutrondiffusion汞mercury斐克擴(kuò)散定律Fick'slawofdiffusion彈性的elastic通量flux非彈性的inelastic中微子neutrino宏觀截面macros

7、copicsectioncross放射性同位素radioisotope半衰期half-life微觀截面microscopicsectioncross熱核反應(yīng)堆化合價(jià)thermonuclearreactorvalence（四）核材料燃料fuel反應(yīng)性reactivity燃料芯塊fuelpellet升華sublime慢化劑moderator中子俘獲截面neutroncapturecross冷卻劑coolantsection包殼cladding散射截面scatteringcross控制棒controlrodsection硼酸boricacid輻照損傷radiationdamage鉻chromium腫

8、脹swelling鉿hafnium燃耗burnup釓gadolinium合金alloy銦indium鎂諾克斯合金Magnox鎂magnesium鋯合金zircaloy鎳nickel金屬間化合物inter-metallic鋯zirconiumcompound硅silicon裂變產(chǎn)物fissionproduct重水heavywater裂變碎片fissionfragment石墨graphite腐蝕產(chǎn)物corrosionproduct碳化物carbide可燃毒物burnablepoison氧化物oxide冷軋coldpressing氧化oxidize燒結(jié)sintering二氧化物dioxide開(kāi)裂cr

9、ack二氧化碳carbondioxide蠕變creep碳?xì)浠衔飄ydrocarbon增殖材料fertilematerial密度density增殖比breedingratio熱導(dǎo)率，傳熱系數(shù)thermalconductivity濃縮鈾enricheduranium比熱specificheat高溫氣冷堆HighTemperature粘性viscosityGas-cooledReactor飽和saturation(HTGR)熱力性質(zhì)，熱物性thermodynamicproperty(中子)通量展平flux-shaping(五)核反應(yīng)堆理論自持的鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)self-sustainingchainfac

10、torreaction慢化slowdown燃料循環(huán)fuelcycle熱中子thermalneutron臨界(a)critical快中子fastneutron次臨界(a)subcritical六氟化物hexafluoride超臨界(a)supercritical六氟化鈾uraniumhexafluoride臨界(n)criticality離心工藝centrifugeprocess臨界尺寸criticalsize氣體擴(kuò)散工藝gaseousdiffusion共振resonanceprocess彈性散射碰撞elasticscattering換料(v)refuelcollision小力.Hl分占Ft/k

11、/4?小力.4?!匚cc+Qr'ccZicr快中子增殖反應(yīng)堆，快堆FastBreeding熱中子利用系數(shù)thermalutilizationReactor(FBR)貧鈾depleted uranium熱中子反應(yīng)堆，熱堆 thermal reactor快堆fast reactor倍增系數(shù) multiplication factor堆芯，活性區(qū)core再生區(qū)blanket半透膜semi-permeablemembrane旋轉(zhuǎn)spin（過(guò)去分詞：spun）（十）壓水反應(yīng)堆壓水反應(yīng)堆，壓水堆PressurizedWater失效failureReactor(PWR)安全功能safetyfunct

12、ion蒸汽發(fā)生器steamgenerator裕度margin一次側(cè)primaryside反應(yīng)堆冷卻劑系統(tǒng)ReactorCoolant二次側(cè)secondarysideSystem(RCS)發(fā)電機(jī)electricalgenerator,在役檢查inserviceinspectiongenerator汽水分離器moistureseparator燃料芯塊fuelpellet干燥器steamdryer包殼cladding堆內(nèi)構(gòu)件reactorinternals堆芯core反應(yīng)堆冷卻劑泵，主泵reactorcoolant給水泵feed(water)pumppump(RCP),mainpump反應(yīng)堆（壓力）

13、容器reactorvessel,穩(wěn)壓器pressurizerpressurevessel波動(dòng)管surgeline硼酸boricacid剖視圖sectionalview化學(xué)補(bǔ)償控制chemicalshim控制棒controlrodcontrol控制棒組件ControlElement堆坑reactorpitAssembly(CEA)氣密的airtight控制棒驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)ControlElement封頭headDriveMechanism接管，噴嘴nozzle(CEDM)點(diǎn)火區(qū)seed控制棒導(dǎo)向管ControlRodGuide再生區(qū)blanketTube(CRGT)用戶，業(yè)主，業(yè)界utility上部支

14、撐板uppersupportplate賣(mài)主，供應(yīng)商vendor,supplier燃料組件fuelassembly制造商manufacturer進(jìn)口接管inletnozzle多重屏障multiplebarriers出口接管outletnozzle縱深防御defenseindepth堆芯吊籃corebarrel冗余性redundancy可燃吸收體burnableabsorber多樣性diversity管側(cè)tubeside獨(dú)立性independence殼側(cè)shellside包容contain蒸汽管線steamline美國(guó)機(jī)械工程師協(xié)會(huì)AmericanSocietyof一次冷卻劑primarycool

15、antMechanicalEngineer主蒸汽mainsteam(ASME)反應(yīng)性引入reactivityinsertion美國(guó)核學(xué)會(huì)AmericanNuclearSociety濃度concentration(ANS)參考負(fù)荷referenceload安全級(jí)safetyclass冷卻劑平均溫度coolantaveragetemperature(DNB)稀釋dilution裂艾產(chǎn)物fissionproduct積累buildup反應(yīng)堆調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)ReactorRegulatingSystem(RRS)(程序)整定值programmedvalue峰值線釋熱率peaklinearheat軸向功率分布ax

16、ialpowerdistribution方位角azimuthal(甲子通重)方位角偏差azimuthaltilt偏離泡核沸騰DeparturefromNucleateBoilingrate偏離泡核沸騰比DeparturefromNucleateBoilingRatio(DNBR)堆內(nèi)測(cè)量系統(tǒng)In-CoreDetectorSystem(ICDS)自給能甲子探測(cè)奮Self-PoweredNeutronDetector(SPND)信號(hào)調(diào)理signalconditioning反應(yīng)堆緊急停堆reactortrip汽機(jī)脫扣turbinetrip可靠性reliability規(guī)范，法規(guī)code燃耗burnup

17、（）反應(yīng)堆容器與堆內(nèi)構(gòu)件環(huán)鍛件ring-forging鍛造forge鍛件forging監(jiān)視surveillance樣品，試樣specimen安裝mount奧氏體的austenitic不銹鋼stainlesssteel法蘭flange熱電偶thermocouple零延性轉(zhuǎn)變溫度nil-ductilitytransitiontemperature(TND-)注量率fluence集成甲子通重NVT=TotalIntegratedNeutronFlux=IntegratedFlux=Fluence=Neutrondensity:Velocity;Timeunit:n/m3:m/s:s=n/m2旁通，支

18、路bypass磷phosphorous硫sulfur=sulphur焊weld臨界值，限值threshold(機(jī))接合，嚙合，對(duì)位engage凸緣，凸起部，輪轂boss逐漸變細(xì)的tapered圓頂dome圍板shroud（十二）反應(yīng)堆堆芯與燃料可燃吸收棒burnableabsorberrod蠕變creep柵格lattice申子源neutronsource阻力塞plug反應(yīng)性價(jià)值reactivityworth比功率specificpower睇antimony鎘cadmium輛californium錮indium陶瓷（狀）的ceramic（機(jī)）間隙clearance污染contaminate柵格架

19、；電網(wǎng)；網(wǎng)格grid因科饃inconel固有安全性inherentsafety非能動(dòng)安全passivesafety能動(dòng)安全activesafety套管,套筒sleeve定位格架spacer grid星形架，蜘蛛 spider 乏燃料 spent fuel（十三）壓水堆冷卻劑系統(tǒng)主要設(shè)備U形管烝汽發(fā)U-tubesteamgenerator額定負(fù)荷ratedload核供汽系統(tǒng)NuclearSteamSupplySystem(NSSS)化學(xué)和容積控制系統(tǒng)ChemicalandVolumeControlSystem(CVCS)一次系統(tǒng)primarysystem加熱，升溫heatup二次系統(tǒng)second

20、arysystem冷卻，降溫cooldown主烝汽mainsteam噴淋管線sprayline汽輪機(jī)，透平機(jī)械turbine輔助噴淋管線auxiliarysprayline給水與凝汽系統(tǒng)feedandcondensatesystem上充呆上充chargingpumpcharge熱管段，熱腿hotleg下泄letdown冷管段，冷腿coldleg水位waterlevel,level堵管裕量tubepluggingmargin備用的backup在情況下?lián)Q熱器intheeventofheatexchanger(HX)過(guò)壓保護(hù)overpressureprotection節(jié)熱器，省煤器economize

21、r女全殼內(nèi)換料水箱In-containment給水feedwaterRefuelingWaterStorage一次進(jìn)口水室inletplenumTank(IRWST)一次進(jìn)口接管primaryinletnozzle換料水箱RefuelingWaterStorage一次出口水室outletplenumTank(RWST)一次出口接管primaryoutletnozzle安全閥safetyvalve管板tubesheet卸壓閥reliefvalve噴放；（SG排污blowdown全廠斷電stationblackout(SBO)上升段riser（蒸汽）干度quality下降段downcomer空泡份

22、額voidfraction滿功率fullpower(FP)熱沖擊thermalshock額定功率ratedpower急冷，驟冷quench裂變碎片fission fragment輕水反應(yīng)堆Light Water Reactor(LWR)熱機(jī)thermal engine原動(dòng)機(jī)prime mover始enthalpy嫡entropy反饋feedback熱力學(xué)第二定律second law of thermodynamics最終熱阱ultimate sink一(次)回路 primary loop二(次)回路 secondary loop核電廠配套子項(xiàng)Balance of Plant (BOP)一次壓力

23、邊界primary pressureboundary（十四）壓水堆系統(tǒng)與安全殼換料（n）refueling環(huán)形的annular應(yīng)急堆芯冷卻系統(tǒng)EmergencyCore-潛熱latentheatCoolingSystem(ECCS)顯熱sensibleheat補(bǔ)水與排水feedandbleed氫氧化物hydroxide專(zhuān)設(shè)設(shè)施EngineeredSafety氫氧化鈉sodiumhydroxideFeature(ESF)苛性鈉，氫氧化鈉caustic設(shè)備冷卻水系統(tǒng)ComponentCooling啟動(dòng)startupSystem飛射物，導(dǎo)彈missile止回閥non-returnvalve蒸汽管線s

24、teamline蓄壓箱accumulator安全殼地坑containmentsump電動(dòng)閥motor-drivenvalve（十五）蒸汽輪機(jī)飛輪flywheel被稱(chēng)為二bereferredtoas葉片，葉柵blade,bucket,vane缸體，箱體casing功workthrust沖動(dòng)式汽輪機(jī)impulseturbine拉金lashing反動(dòng)式汽輪機(jī)reactionturbine除濕moistureremoval沖動(dòng)級(jí)impulsestage節(jié)流閥stop-throttlevalve反動(dòng)級(jí)reactionstage扭矩torque反動(dòng)度degreeofreaction每秒麻rev/s=rev

25、olutionsper漸縮的convergingsecond漸擴(kuò)的diverging每分鐘裝rpm=revolutionsper噴嘴，接管nozzleminuteSystem(RHRS)squareinchgauge隔離閥isolationvalve失效failure故障fault, malfuction卡諾效率Carnotefficiency熱機(jī)效率engineefficiency高溫?zé)嵩矗瑹釒?kù) hotreservoir低溫?zé)嵩?cold reservoir摩擦friction余熱排出系統(tǒng) Residual Heat-Removal氣動(dòng)閥pneumatic valve安注泵safety in

26、jection pump安全殼containment鋼筋混凝土reinforced concrete預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝土 prestressedreinforced concrete英制壓力單位psi = pounds per squareinch英制壓力單位(表壓)psig = pounds per（十六）主蒸汽、給水與凝汽系統(tǒng)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)turbine generator汽動(dòng)給水泵turbine drivenfeedwater pump蒸汽排放steam dump汽水分離再熱器 Moisture SeperatorReheater (MSR)密封蒸汽系統(tǒng) gland steam system限流

27、器 flow restrictor主蒸汽隔離閥 main steam isolation valve機(jī)組unit負(fù)荷load主蒸汽集管main steam header給水聯(lián)箱feedwater header給水回?zé)嵫h(huán)regenerative feedheating cycle磨損wear污垢，結(jié)垢fouling裝量inventory蒸汽（旁路）排放steam dump冷凝器排放condenser steam dump大氣排放atmospheric steam dump除氧器排放deoxidizer steam dump電纜electric cable輔助給水系統(tǒng)auxiliary feed

28、watersystem壓差differentialpressure,pressure differential, pressure difference增壓泵booster pump增壓boost pressure吸入口suction凝汽器condenser凝汽器熱阱condenser hotwell給水流量調(diào)節(jié)閥feed regulating valve給水調(diào)節(jié)旁通閥feed regulating bypassvalve疏水 drain階躍變化step change線性（斜坡）變化 ramp change溢流閥overflow valve工藝汽processsteam緊急停堆trip; sc

29、ram停堆shutdown停堆，停堆期outrage手動(dòng)地manually自動(dòng)地automatically質(zhì)量流率 mass flow rate關(guān)斷閥shutoff valve（美國(guó)）聯(lián)邦管理法規(guī) CFR = Code ofFederal Regulations凝結(jié)液condensate水頭，壓頭head汽機(jī)脫扣（甩負(fù)荷） turbine trip（十七）核電廠運(yùn)行工藝熱processheat公用電網(wǎng)utilitygrid基礎(chǔ)負(fù)荷運(yùn)行baseloadoperation退役的outofservice運(yùn)行因子operationfactor負(fù)荷因子loadfactor使用因子，運(yùn)行因子service

30、factor可利用因子availability技術(shù)規(guī)范technicalspecification穩(wěn)壓器汽空間建立drawapressuresteambubble未能緊急停堆的預(yù)計(jì)瞬變AnticipatedTransientWithoutScram（ATWS）未能緊急停堆的預(yù)計(jì)瞬變AnticipatedTransientWithoutTrip（ATWT）失電lossofpower失流lossofflow輔助噴淋auxiliaryspray采樣sampling（美國(guó)）核管會(huì)NuclearRegulatoryCommission（NRC）負(fù)荷跟蹤loadfollowing屏蔽shielding核輻射nuclear radiation發(fā)射，發(fā)出 emit劑量 dose劑量率dose rate（十八）輻射危害與屏蔽保健物理healthphysics天然本底輻射naturalbackgroundradiation轟擊bombardment地殼theearthscrust（放射性）墜塵fallout吸入inhalation職業(yè)照射occupationalexpo