人教版必修四英語(yǔ)第二單元語(yǔ)法學(xué)案

1、【精品文檔】如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流人教版必修四英語(yǔ)第二單元語(yǔ)法學(xué)案.精品文檔.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)1. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的構(gòu)成: 是在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ing 形式構(gòu)成, 因此又叫動(dòng)詞的 -ing 形式。如: do-doing, be-being, ask-asking, etc.否定形式: not+ -ing 構(gòu)成2. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ), 沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化, 但可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ), 還有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。3. 動(dòng)詞-ing形式由動(dòng)詞加-ing變化而成, 它同時(shí)具有名詞和動(dòng)詞的特征, 在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。一、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ) 1. 表示經(jīng)常的

2、、習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如： Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 無(wú)論對(duì)年輕人和老年人來(lái)講, 走路是一種很好的鍛煉。Watching news on TV has become a routine for me. 在電視上看新聞已經(jīng)成了我的一種日常習(xí)慣。Going to Hangzhou by train takes about 16 hours. 乘火車去杭州要16個(gè)小時(shí)。Asking a womans age is impolite in our country. 在我們國(guó)家問(wèn)一個(gè)女人的年

3、齡是不禮貌的。 2. -ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)常后置, 此時(shí)須用 it作形式主語(yǔ), 用形容詞或名詞作表語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)有: no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a waste of time等; 形容詞有: dangerous, worthwhile, useless等。如: Its no use making an excuse for this. 為這件事找借口是沒(méi)有用的。談?wù)撨@樣無(wú)用的事情簡(jiǎn)直是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Its a waste of time talking about such a useless thi

4、ng. 有風(fēng)的天氣在海里游泳是危險(xiǎn)的。 Its dangerous swimming in the sea on windy days.這個(gè)問(wèn)題值得討論。 It is worthwhile discussing the question.動(dòng)名詞與不定式做主語(yǔ)時(shí)的比較：動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作通常是一個(gè)泛指的動(dòng)作, 不定式則通常表示具體的,將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。如：還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)侯, 她就覺(jué)得探視病人是一種責(zé)任, 也是一種愉悅。As a child, she felt that visiting sick people was a duty and a pleasure到美國(guó)人家里做客對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)將是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)歷。

5、Being a guest in an American home will be a good experience for me.n 一直不做就是作惡。Doing nothing is doing illn 他說(shuō): “繼續(xù)這樣下去是無(wú)用的?！盚e said, “To go on like this is no use.”n 我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)晚會(huì)。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party歸納: 常用-ing形式作主語(yǔ)的句型有：n It +be +a waste of time doing 做是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的n It is/was no g

6、ood/use doing 做是沒(méi)用處的n It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得n It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的n There is no doing 無(wú)法; 不允許There is no sense in doing 做沒(méi)有道理There is/was no use doing 干無(wú)意義 There is/was nothing worse than doing 沒(méi)有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干無(wú)意義我們不知道要去哪兒。 There was no knowin

7、g where we would go. 做這件傻事毫無(wú)意義。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.注意: There is no need to do sth 干沒(méi)必要, 在此句式中to do不可換為doing.沒(méi)有必要告訴她。 There is no need to tell her. 提示: 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 其邏輯主語(yǔ)由形容詞性物主代詞和名詞所有格構(gòu)成。我姐姐病了, 使我很擔(dān)心。 My sisters being ill made me worried.你正確未必就意味著我錯(cuò)了。 Your being right doesnt ne

8、cessarily mean my being wrong. 二、動(dòng)名詞用作賓語(yǔ) 動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)有兩種情況。1. 只能后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞, 常見(jiàn)的有avoid, consider, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, escape, cannot help, imagine, mind, miss, practise, cannot stand等。如： 我不能不去。I cant avoid going你是否考慮過(guò)找一位摯友? Have you considered looking for one special friend?晚飯后你想

9、和我一起散步嗎? Do you feel like having a walk with me after supper? 人們?nèi)滩蛔〕靶δ莻€(gè)愚蠢的人。 People couldnt help laughing at that foolish man 這類動(dòng)詞還有: excuse, fancy, give up, put off, risk, insist on, look forward to, feel like等。2. 既可接動(dòng)名詞又可接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞, 常見(jiàn)的有: begin, start, continue, like, love, prefer, by, mean, forge

10、t，remember, hate等。A. 在like, love, hate, prefer等動(dòng)詞之后，用-ing或不定式意義上沒(méi)有什么不同, 只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)有些不同, 動(dòng)名詞表示泛指的動(dòng)作, 不定式表示具體的一次性動(dòng)作。B. 在begin/start, continue之后, 用動(dòng)名詞和不定式, 意義無(wú)甚區(qū)別, 尤其是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人的時(shí)候。 C. 在動(dòng)詞forget, remember, regret之后, 用動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同。動(dòng)名詞-做過(guò),不定式-未做, 如：我記得我已把信寄了。 I remember posting the letter我會(huì)記著去寄信的。 Ill remember to p

11、ost the letter我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記見(jiàn)到過(guò)那位著名作家。 I shall never forget seeing the famous writer不要忘了給你母親寫信。 Dont forget to write to your mother我真后悔沒(méi)趕上那次報(bào)告會(huì)。 I regret missing the report我遺憾地告訴你我不能接受你的建議。 I regret to say I cant take your adviceD. 在try, mean之后, 意義各不相同, 如try to do (設(shè)法), try doing (試試) , mean to do (打算做), m

12、ean doing (意味著)。如: 我們必須設(shè)法及時(shí)把一切搞好。 We must try to get everything done in time我們用別的方法做這工作試試。Lets try doing the working in some other way我并不想叫你生氣。 I didnt mean to make you angry你的計(jì)劃意味著要花費(fèi)幾個(gè)小時(shí)。 Your plan would mean spending hoursE. go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事; go on to do 接著做另一件事。如：請(qǐng)接著

13、做這同一個(gè)練習(xí)。Please go on doing the same exercise請(qǐng)做另外一個(gè)練習(xí)。Please go on to do the other exerciseF. stop doing與stop to do: Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如:我們停止了交談。 We stopped talking我們停了下來(lái)去談話。 We stopped to talk go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來(lái)做的事 go on to do 接著做另一件事 mean doing 意味著要做某事 mean to do 想要做某事 l stop doi

14、ng 停止做某事l stop to do 停下來(lái)(別的事)開始做某事 try doing 試著做某事 try to do 努力做某事u be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事 u be used to do 被用來(lái)做某事n cant help doing 禁不住做某事n cant help to do 不能幫助做某事3. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞可與介詞一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。A. 介詞+動(dòng)名詞, 如：我們得想些法子改變?nèi)藗兊牧?xí)慣。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits. 我向你道歉, 剛才對(duì)你那樣生氣。I apologize for

15、 being so angry with you.離開幾年之后再回到你的家鄉(xiāng), 感覺(jué)有點(diǎn)怪。After being away for several years, it is a strange experience to return to the hometown.B. 動(dòng)詞+介詞+動(dòng)名詞, 如：我堅(jiān)持為這次出行帶足需要的食物。 I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition同學(xué)們臉上沒(méi)有笑容, 相反都做了怪臉。Instead of smiling, each of them made a face她對(duì)為我們公司工作很感興趣。She w

16、as very interested in working for our company下列短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞, 所以后面跟名詞或-ing形式: devote to, object to, pay attention to, get down to, lead to, look forward to, stick to,be used to等。 【課后練習(xí)】Complete these sentences:1. If you can keep _(read) English newspapers, your English will be improved. 2. He has promised _