高中定語從句全面詳細講解附練習(xí)題

1、As 的用法例1. the same as;suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。I have got into the same trouble as he (has.2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有正如。例1.As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.例2.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。一、“as / which” 特殊定語從句的先行成分1. 形容詞或形容詞短語作

2、先行成分, 具有形容詞意義的介詞短語也可以充當(dāng)先行成分,如:My grandmothers house was always of great importance to me, as my own is.在一定的語言環(huán)境里,有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞。值得一提的是,在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后,引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用who / whom.2. 動詞短語先行成分。這種動詞短語既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是動態(tài)動詞短語,它們在從句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代動詞do和as /2.定語從句和同位語的區(qū)別1.定語從句修飾限定先行

3、詞,它與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。這句子可以是整個主句也可以只是主句中的一個從句。有時是連續(xù)幾個句子,有時甚至可以是一個完整的故事。二、“as/which”特殊定語從句在句中的位置由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定語從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況:2.定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的句子成分,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時經(jīng)?？墒÷?。同位語從句主要由連詞that 引導(dǎo),在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分;有時也由where, when, how, who, whether, what 等連詞引導(dǎo),這些連詞則在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成

4、分。 The news that he told me is true. (定語從句他告訴我的消息是真的。2. 動詞短語作先行成分時:動詞短語作先行成分時,“as / which”特殊定語從句置于先行成分之后。但是,當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時,“as”特殊定語從句可以移至句子之首。3. 句子作先行成分時:“as”特殊定語從句的位置較靈活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引語,“as”特殊定語從句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定語從句與否定詞的相對位置不同可以使它產(chǎn)生不同的意義。由于“as”特殊定語從句具有這一特點,所以有時它的位置不能隨便移

5、動。在非正式的文體里,“which”特殊定語從句可以出現(xiàn)在先行成分之中。三、“as/which”特殊定語從句的語義功能The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. (同位語從句我們?nèi)绾位I集這么多資金,這個問題很難解決。The question that he raised puzzled all of us. (定語從句他提出的問題讓我們很為難。 The question whether he is sure to win the game is hard to answer. (同位語從句他是否一定會贏

6、得那場比賽,這個問題很難回答。表示結(jié)果的特殊定語從句與其先行成分之間存在著一定的因果關(guān)系,從句中往往使用有結(jié)果意義的詞,如動詞result, make, enable, cause和形容詞interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。A. The idea that he we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. (同位語從句我們可以向老師請教,這個主意不錯。表示評注的特殊定語從句對其先行成分所述事實的正確性有肯定的傾向,它通常與那些表示客觀事實,普遍真理或某種習(xí)性的先行成分連用;從

7、句中則常用一些表示“合乎自然規(guī)律”、“眾所周知”或“經(jīng)常發(fā)生”等意義的詞語,如natural, known to all, usual等。3. 有無狀語意義“as”特殊定語從句具有狀語意義(主要是方式狀語意義,而“which”特殊定語從句則無狀語意義?！癮s”特殊定語從句的狀語意義要求它在語義上與其先行成分的語義保持一致,“which”特殊定語從句則不受這種限制。四、關(guān)系代詞as與which的句法功能1. as / which 在特殊定語從句中作主語。as作主語時,謂語動詞常為連系動詞(主要是be, seem,主語補語為usual、a rule、a matter of fact等時,系動詞be

8、習(xí)慣經(jīng)常省略。行為動詞作“as”特殊定語從句的謂語時一般用于被動語態(tài)(其中助動詞be常略,不及物的行為動詞在“as”特殊定語從句中作謂語的極少,常見的有happen一詞。如:Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.Which作主語時,謂語動詞不限,主語被動皆可,只是謂語動詞為被動語態(tài)時助動詞be省略。2. as和which都可以在特殊定語從句中賓語。3. as和which在特殊定語從句中作補語。如:We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be.“as”

9、特殊定語從句中可以主謂倒裝,“which”從句中則不能主謂倒裝。如果先行成分不是主語補語或賓語補語,關(guān)系代詞用which而不用as。如:He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was.The problem is how we can protect the wild animals.Exercises:1.There are three bedrooms in the house,_ is Marys.A the smallest of whichB the smaller of whichC the smallest of themD the

10、 smallest one2. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the wayB. they way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of whichA whoB whoseC in whoseD in which3.This is the best factory _we visited last year .A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. that4.Is this the factory _computers are built ?A. thatB. whichC. in whichD.

11、in that5.There is a moutain _ the top is always covered with snow.A whoseB of whichC itsD that6.please pass me the dictionary _cover is red .A. whoseB.itsC. whichD. which of7.1I have three children,and two of _ are doctors.2I have three children, two of _ are doctors.A.themB.whomC.whichD.that8. Thes

12、e houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected.A. likeB. asC. thatD. which10. Ive never heard so interesting a story _ you told me.A. asB. thatC. of whichD. about which11. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItB. AsC. ThatD. What11. They visited the house _the great writer was born .A. from whereB. in whichC. whichD. in where12. I told you _I know .A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. all whom13. Is there anything _I can do for you, sir ?A. thatB. whichC. whoseD